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1238 T H JS .-J^P A D E R. ^^ [No- 301, ...
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Distress at Aeklow.—The Rev. W. G. Ormsb...
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;. faEJTAR. The greatest ^Intelligence o...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ttospitality Seems To Be The Business Of...
ine accidents in various ways , which have not only been rejected , but have in fact not been examined by the official authorities . In the meanwhile , Mr . Waddingtonhas treated the shareholders as the piiests iftBoiLEAV ^ poem treated each other ; he Ms « fi » g a fofte book at the head of his opponents- ^ his answer to | he report of the committee of investigation . Ens answer consists in telling the ^ ne story backwWfts . The committee state that his ' policy of spend £% ' £ he funds of the rail * $ y in e . *«* iteteous enterprises , Tilbury branch , Hackney branch , Lowestoft Harbour , Ipswich boats , Harwich boats , Margate boats , and a
dancing saloon at Woolwich , had eaten up the funds and threatened to reduce the ir progressively declining dividends to nil . No , he answers , strangers had projected a Tilbury Line which would have competed with your own ; the Great Northern threatened to " tap" Cambridge and Colchester and Norwich ; the East Anglian was assisting the Great Northern ; the Eastern Union was competing with you by the aid of its boats ; but I have drawn all these competitors to be parts of your own system , or allies who will not hurt you . I have improved Lowestoft Harbour , made the town rise with a traffic of its own , and brought through
that port half of the German trade in cattle , giving you a more paying traffic on the line than the average rate of profit . You have , said the committee of investigation , neglected the permanent wav ; you have spent upon it only ^ 3 , 200—a previous committee told you you should expend j £ 23 , 000 a year ; your own engineer said you should expend Jfl ' 50 , 000 . No , says Mr . Wad-DiNGTONyif we have spent only j £ 3 . 200 out of the revenue , we have spent £ 22 , 000 within the year ; and the engineer did not recommend an outlay of « = £ ! 50 , 000 : ^ 5 O 3 O 0 O of that was to be in works
and completions ; the rest , if spent on the permanent way , spread over ten years . You have connived at the percentages with which Mr . Gooch swelled out his modest salary of £ 600 a-year to thousands of pounds sterling . No , answers Mr . Waddington , others , before I entered the railway in March , 1851 , had agreed that Mr . Gooch should have no salary until he saved ; £ 10 , 000 in the locomotive working , and five per cent , on any saving beyond that . It was I who objected to that arrangement , but Mr . Gooch was paid five per cent , on Mr . Robert Stevenson's recommendation . You have connived , said the
committee , at the fraudulent appropriation of stores to the unknown extent , perhaps of « = € ? 10 , 000 or even ^ 40 , 000 . No , answers Mr . Waddington , it was I who detected the peculation , and the loss is not ^ -40 , 000 , but under ^ 5 , 000 , perhaps not more than ^ 1 , 823 . You have cooked the accounts , and threatened us with a dividend of nil . The accounts are clear , answers the Chairman ; your dividend was nil for the first half-year after I entered the railway ; it is now rising , and is likely
to be live per cent . But Mr . Waddinoton finds a motive for these chnrges ; he denounces Mr . Bruce , the head of the East Anglian Company , which has been amalgamated , but which wishes to become the preponderant power in the system . According to Mr . Waddington , Bruce is the ( Czar of the Eastern Counties ) . Waddington himself , we suppose , is the Napoleon , dominating that commercial power , Peto , Brtts , and Brass re y , and thus forming the Western Alliance which is destined to rule the territory .
Another form of anarchy has burst out in Northumberland , and this looks really serious . The Duke , who takes his title from the county , has issued an ukase to restrain his tenants as to their method of farming : besides'his rent , the fanner is to pay a penal rent of £ 50 an acre if he break up grass-land without leave , j £ 'G nn acre for fallow not manured in n particular manner , , £ 5 for every acre not cultivated in the four-course rotation , . € 10 for exceeding ft certain potato acreage , £ , b for not laying down curttiin acres in permanent grass , / 4 ' 5
for mowing without dressing the land in a particular manner , « je 5 for every ton of straw or hay sold , tvith other .- £ [> penalties . The consequence is that the tenants mutiny . Mr . Wetherell , of Kirkbridgo , to whom the Duke had spontaneously awarded a prize of JS 30 for the host cultivation on the estate , declared farming under such terms impossible , threw up his tenancy , and is hailed by his brother fanqere in a public meeting as their leader in ttftlcing a stand against ; the attempts to renew the , |& xt £ l | He ^ of feudalism and serfdom . Now a vnst . njnnbetf 6 f farms in the country are held upon
absurd covMbnt ^ iif iift- ^ bssible ' in some cases that the very ^ He of Ih e landlord mig ht be affected by altering we . local usage ; but acting with their farmer * ittnd public opinion , the landlords could readtfy := pr 6 eure every legislative facility ftHmprovement withcrat damnification for themselves . Let them take their stand apon their rights after this Ndr € humb «* laiid fashion , and we should sbOn ^ have an-S ^ arian' ^ ihsurgeney Spreading over the « 6 tmtry , all fee mWe formidable feeeafese it \ VotfKl be recruited tjy the respectable farmers . It really looks as if the agricultural constituencies , not without formidable alliance on the part of the boroughs , would soon be compelling the ir representatives in Parliament to put to the landlords , 'the dlarming question what their rights really are ?
1238 T H Js .-J^P A D E R. ^^ [No- 301, ...
1238 T H JS .-J ^ P A D E R . ^^ [ No- 301 , Saturday
Distress At Aeklow.—The Rev. W. G. Ormsb...
Distress at Aeklow . —The Rev . W . G . Ormsby , rector of Arklow ^ jjioqess of Dublin , calls attention to the distressed condition of the poor fishermen in the town of Arklow , in the couuty of Wicklow , many of whom are almost reduced to famine by the failure of the herring-fishery , which has been gradually declining for the last four years . The neighbouring- inhabitants are too poor to afford much relief ; and appeal is therefore made to all Englishmen who have the means to succour their fellow creatures . CfiERK-AsSrSTANT TO THE HOUSE OF COMJIONS . Mr . May succeeds Mr . William Ley as first clerkassistant to the House of Commons , on that gentleman ' s resignation . Mr . May is the aiithor of a treatise on " Parliamentary Practice . "
The Late "Wells Election . —The following address has been issued by Mr . Serjeant King-lake : —" To the Honest Electors of the City of Wells . Gentlemen , — I am anxious , without delay , to offer my earnest and sincere thanks to those electors who , with honest and unswerving independence , have given me their support at the recent election . I feel proud to have led yoti to the poll , and there j > ublicly to have received the sanction of your free opinions . You need feel no
disappointment at the result of the contest . \ Lhat result-Jias been effected by a combination of secret and irregular influences which cannot and will not prevail against the firm and unshaken demonstration you-have just made . The success of your opponents will probably 1 e very temporary . My thanks , my grateful thanks are due to you , one aud all . Bo stedfast in your purpose , be prepared to act as you have done , and the day of victory , be assured , is at hand . "
Oxford University Foundations . —The form of statute for regulating the university foundations of more than fifty years' date , which was promulgated in the term preceding the long vacation , having been amended by the Hebdomadal Council , will be promulgated afresh on Tuesday , January 29 , at two o ' clock . The principal changes which have been made are the substitution of a declaration of church membership , on the part of a Professor taking office , for the promise of conformity
which it was pi-oposed formerly to exact ; tho proviso that no Professor shall hold the office of Radcliffe Observer or of Public Lecturer in any college ; and the embodiment of a proposition on the part of the Master and Follows of Balliol College to attach to the Suviliau Professorship of Astronomy , at the earliest opportunity , a Fellowship in their Society . In return for this , it is proposed to give the Master and one Fellow of Balliol a voice in the appointment of all future Savilian IVofessors of Astronomy .
Tub Irish University . —Reform w slowly but surely making head in Trinity College . Tho Regius Professorship of Greek , remodelled as it haa beeu by tho recent Rtatuto , is now hold by a junior follow ( the Rev . Thomas Stack ) who , last week , by tho unanimous vote of tho Provost and senior follows , was elected as the fittoHt porson to discharge the duties of this now very reaponniblo office . Hitherto , tho Regius Professor was elected annually from among tho Houior follows , and tho office was little bettor than a more sinecure , tho Hinallnoss of tho salary ( , £ 100 a-yonr Irish curronoy ) , contributing , pcrhapH , to the nogloot of one of tho moat important branches of collegiate classical ecluoation . The now ohaugo will involvo a complete revolution in tho Byatom of
examination for Hoholiu'Hhip—l . lio highest reward hold out to tho claanieal nturlout in Trinity Coll .-go- By tho old arrangement , a Hcholurohip was far oasior of attainment thau an honour of the ilrat eliisa at tho ordinary torta examinations , and thin was attributable to tho fact that for tho lattur the examiners uro prosrnnod to bo appointed on tho score of miporior fitness , whilo for the Hoholurahip , according to official routine , Honior follows ulouo were oligiblo , or , in caso of absence or ilhio . ss , tha junior follows noxt in order of Honiority , without regard to nny other qualification for tho ofilco , All this will bo put an oml t > by tho appointment of u poimanont ltogluH Profuanor of ( hvok , and honoeforwarcl young man of neooncl or third-rato ability will hardly attain to tho highest honours awnrdod to clnRsioal proficiency . —Times .
;. Faejtar. The Greatest ^Intelligence O...
; . faEJTAR . The greatest ^ Intelligence of interest in connexion with the War stilt continues to have reference to the tam ^ tafble fall of Kars . The terms of capitulation hftve now been given to the world in an interesting document , the greater part of which we reproduce % elow ; and further particulars have ireselied England of ttxte sad condition of affairs which rendered the capitulation an act of necessity , or ^ nt least of justice to the remnant of the brave garrisWh . The defenders of the place had plucked up fresh heart and hope from the defeat of the Russians on the occasion of their memoraable assault on the 29 th of September . They expected to see the besiegers retire ; but they did
not retire . On the contrary , they increased the strictness of their blockade . The besieged from day to day held on in the hope that aid would arrive from Erzeroum ; but no aid came . Veli Pacha , in his endeavours to advance to the rescue , was continuall y baffled by the skirmishing parties of the Russians ; the cold weather came on ; snow lay . thickly on the Soghauloug ; the deaths from sheer want of food increased to eighty a day , though cats and horses were used as articles of consumption ; desertions , it is said ( on the authority of the Russians ) , took place ; and General Williams felt that further resistance was in vain . Some interesting particulars of the result are contained in a letter from Constantinople : —
" On the 14 th of November , General Mouravieff summoned the place , at the same time promising an honourable capitulation . The Russian General , admirably served by his spies , assured Vassif Pacha that he need not count on any succour , and that a longer resistance would ouly serve to prolong the effusion of blood , which henceforth was useless . On the following day , the Mushir presided at a council of war , composed of all the officers of the garrison . Their opinions were divided , Sorue advised a desperate attack on the Russians , and others a retreat on Erzeromn , cutting their way through the enemy ' s lines . Williams Pacha proposed prolonging the defence for some days more in the hope of Selini Pacha ' s arrival . This last opinion prevailed , and they forthwith sent
to the Russian head-quarters Major Teesdale , accompanied by Mr . Churchill , the private secretary of General Williams , to demand of General Mouravieff a delay of ten days , and liberty to send a courier to Erzeroum . Captain Thompson left immediately ; he met at Hassan Kaleh a Russian corps d ' armee . The moment he became assured that Seliui Pacha would attempt nothing , he returned to Kars as speedily as possible . Vassif Pacha and Williams Pacha , out of mere humanity , decided at last on capitulating . The Ottoman garrison and tho English who were at Kars are prisoners of war . By a special article , which does great honour to the Mushir and to Williams Pacha , the Hungarians and Polos who were iu the Ottoman army were allowed to retire on Erzeroum . "
They have since arrived at' that city , together with General Kmety . The English officers will remain prisoners of war ; but General Mouravieff , in ordering the garrison to file off before him , dispensed with our countrymen taking part in the movement . The Russian Commander , in a despatch which he has transmitted to St . Petersburg , says that " the Turkish army of Anatolifi has been " annihilated , in consequence of the fall of Kars . Eight thousand Turks belonging to the Nizam or regular army Jiave been made prisoners , and six thousand rcdiffs ( militia ) have been scut to their homes . " As far as the " annihilation " is
concerned , there is probably some Muscovite exaggeration here . A hostile movement on the part of the Russian army ( according to the Military Gazette of Vienna ) is " expected to take p lace against Erzeroum . General Mouravieff is reported to hnvc sent a column to Akhaltssik . Of the movements of Omar Pacha , there are contradictory accounts . One account says that , on hearing " that Prince IJugration hud received reinforcements , the Turkish Commander-iu-Chiel hastily rocrossed the lngour , and fell back on Souchum-Kalch . Another states that , at tin : dutc
of the last advices received at Trebi / . ond , Oiniu was still near Kutuis , the garrison of which , it i * said , has gone to Gori , iri order to defend tlio passes whieli command the entrance into ( 3 i i oi'g " |' Selim I ' ncha , with 12 , 000 men , is still at Trobi / . oml , waiting for the arrival of the Ugyptinn division . He has received orders to goto Er / . eroum . From the Crimea , there is little now . ll >< ( weather has been very bad in the Mack Soa nn'l "j tho Mediterranean . Twelve merchant vessels <>' various nations have been lost at the Sulina inoutu
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 29, 1855, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_29121855/page/2/
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