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ratificationfst f h di AvavsT 30, 1856.]...
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PROGRAMME OV O'DONNELL AND CONFESSION OI...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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V Reformatory Results. Nine Years Have B...
not exceeding five years ; and an allowance of 5 s . per week is made by Government , when the same cannot be obtained from the parents . This sum , however , is plainly insufficient . Miss Cabpenteb , than whom there is no higher authority on such matters , estimates the annual maintenance of each child at 18 / . to 201 . There is no animal more expensive to keep than the growing boy , or girl , between 12 and 16 years of age , especially when the ordinary requirements of nature are increased by hard work . In the
best conducted parish Unions the use of liquid food , such as gruel , porridge , & c , has in consequence been discontinued , for the children of the poorer classes actually require more nutritious aliment than those of the wealthier classes . And still more so is it the case with the offspring of the < dangerous classes , ' whose blood has been impoverished , or polluted , by the alternate fastings and feastings of their parents . Besides , the rate of 5 s . a week has been based on the expenditure of Unions , where the
numbers naturally diminish the individual cost . But in Eeformatories everything depends upon each establishment being no larger than can be impressed by the manager ' s individuality . It is entirely a question of personal influence . The Legislature will do well , perhaps , to sanction a general system , but the working of that system must be boldly entrusted to the earnest individuals who alone are likely to devote themselves to a career that implies a total abnegation of self . Another point connected with the reformatory system is the question , whether or not preliminary punishment should be inflicted . On this head , we entirely agree with Mr .
Wheatle y , whose paper " On Punishments in Reformatory Schools , " was one of the most valuable read at the Conference . According to this authority , the Reformatory is the complement o ^ jjm gaol , not the substitute for it . The p ^| P sentence ought to be worked out previous to admittance to the Bchool . The Reformatory is a sort of new birth . The detention is not a part of the punishment awarded to the offence which has brought the guilty one before the magistrate , but the preventive of a course of conduct which must lead to a repetition of punishment . It is not so much the result of a former career as the commencement of a
new and a better one . It should be prospective rather than retrospective—the dawn of hope , while the prison is the setting of vice . For some slight offences , perhaps , a private whipping may not be objectionable , but as a rule we would side with thoso who recommend cellular confinement for a brief period . Even on sanitary grounds it ia not desirable that a criminal should bo taken out of the
streets , and admitted into a Reformatory And the separate confinement will have the further effect of taming his wild spirit , and bringing him to think of the error of hia ways . But in any case , the penalty of hia transgression should bo paid in prison , and not in the Reformatory , lest he come to associate the views of moral improvement and industrious exertion with tho pain ensuing upon past crime . In sonic exceptional instances tho preliminary punishment should , clearly , be almost nominal : such as stealing food under the cogent impulse of starvation ; or when tho offender ia an infant . An
example of tho latter was given by Miss Oah-PENTEit . A little girl , agod nine , persuaded her brother , aged ton , to assist her in stealing a horse , on which they should , procood to South "Wales , and thon get work in a pit . A similar case was mentioned by Sir J . Paring - ton . Some sort of punishment ia , doubtleaa , indispensable , until conscience boeomea bettor attuned . Untutored ininda have no other idea
of pleasure than that of sensual gratification . Honorary rewards are , therefore , at first , unintelligible . The body is the only medium of pain or p leasure . Even in the Reformatory itself punishment is oftentimes necessary . And here the cellular system works admirably . At Mettray , the boys say , " We would rather be thrashed , but the cell is better for us . " The tedium of solitary confinement makes them take to
labour as a relief , and after a time it becomes an agreeable habit—like existence , or any other incident of humanity . The comparison , too , is beneficial . The boy under punishment knows that he , is there by his own fault , and that his companions are happy and free through their superior virtue , lie thus learns to associate suffering with wrong-doing , and appreciating the justice of his sentence , takes his first step towards reformation .
Miss Cabpenteb is of opinion that all juvenile criminals on a second conviction should be detained in a Reformatory after the expiration of their sentence ; and even on a first conviction , unless good security can be given that they will be properly taken care of by their natural guardians . That estimable lady goes still further , and almost encroaches on the liberty of the subject in recommending that all vagabond children who refuse to attend the Ragged Schools shall be sent to
the feeding Industrial Schools , or even removed from their parents in case of contumacy . With more reason she complains of the apathy or prejudice of magistrates , who can rarely be induced ^ to append detention in a Reformatory to the sentence of punishment . This reluctance on their part is chiefly observable with regard to female delinquents , who , from their weaker judgment , and consequently more excitable temperament , in reality stand more in need of the discipline of the Reformatory than even male offenders .
Many other points of great interest were discussed at the Conference , but to which our limited space prevents us from further alluding . Great already has been the good wrought by the Reformatories now in existence . At Red Hill , owing to the indefatigable exertions and enlightened zeal of the Kev . Sydne y Tubneb , out of 720 bo } r s discharged , 70 per cent , have been reclaimed ; and of 372 who went to the colonies , 233 have turned out satisfactorily ; and of the remaining 139 , the fate of 87 is unknown . Miss Cabpentek , is
ablo to give an equally good report of thoso she has placed out in the world . Indeed from all quarters the most encouraging prospects greet the eyes . It remains with the Legislature to give the finishing touch to the disinterested labours of so many practical philanthropists . Money must be liberally granted and unfettered with the restrictions that usually render Government aid as obstructive as the body of a dead man linked to one in health and strength . Above all , lot no Pharisee meddle with the good work . This is neutral ground on which all creeds and sects and opinions may labour hand in hand .
Ratificationfst F H Di Avavst 30, 1856.]...
AvavsT 30 , 1856 . ] THE LEADER , 829
Programme Ov O'Donnell And Confession Oi...
PROGRAMME OV O'DONNELL AND CONFESSION OIP LOUIS NAPOLEON . If M . IIuqelmann has not boon employed , ho haa been permitted , both in Paris and Madrid . Ho ia an agent therefore of some power which possesses influences in both capitals , and presently wo shall bo able to guods tho nature of that power . TTor tho moment , we may aafely regard him as tho agent sit once of Marshal O ' Doknell , tho Spanish dictator , and of a party in France who regard tho Marshal as n mercantile instrument , and
havo corcaiu funds staked upon hia success . Tho fun of tho tiling ia , that boforo M . aralml O'JJonnicll ' s scheme haa been quite worked out , this clever agent , who ia evidently too
fast for Spanish dignity , explains to us the whole conspiracy . It is a remarkable plot . We all remember that General O'Donnell had attempted a species of military revolt in Spain , and had failed , when Espabtebo appeared upon the scene , accepted the chief post in the Government , and saved the ex-Governor of Cuba from total failure . O'Dobtneix was promoted to be the second to Espaetebo in the Spanish Cabinet . The Duke of Victobia has never
been a very successful man . " He has possessed the confidence of the Spanish nation , but not realized it . He has accepted trusts , has been faithful to them in his own person , but has shown incapacity to defend them either against treachery or aggression . He has been like the manager of a bank , who scorned to appropriate the money himself , but who lacked the energy to expel the embezzler , to refuse the note of the forger , or to confront the burglar pistol in hand . The agent of Marshal O'Donnell confesses that his patron has effected a complete fraud upon the late Prime Minister . O'Donnell
accepted the revolution " on condition that he should be considered as its Moderator ;'' in other words , he accepted it to betray it . During the two years that he occupied the office he busied himself in plans , which were remarked at the time , to remove liberal officers from the army , and to replace them by officers attached to Absolutist principles . This was an " organization of the army . " According to the account before us , Espabtebo was permitting the monarchy to drift " towards an abyss , a catastrophe which was too near to be staved off ; " and now came O'Don-NELii ' s turn . It was hia business , " not to make , but to impede the revolution , in
delivering the monarchy from the hesitating councils . " In short , " the loyal ally of the revolution" now seizes the opportunity to prevent it . In order to complete his work , " it is necessary to develop the military element completely . " " That element is in all places necessary to the work of regeneration of a country , " but it is particularly so in Spain . There are three things also set down in this programme of General O'Donnell's — they are : restoration of the initiative of the Crown , importation of Societes de Credit from Paris , and the restoration of Catholic unity . " The capital idea , which has , for many ages , represented the evil of humanity , has been that which the French revolution brought
into Western Europe—the idea of revolt against Catholic unity . " It ia that which " has furnished to the revolution of France and England their fratricidal arms , " and it is that idea which O'Donnell is destined to conquer as a saving angel , while he restores tho initiative of Queen Isabella and the Credit Societies of M . HuaELMANN . Such ia the programme of O'Donnell as advertized by las Paris agent . In order that wo may appreciate tho approaching regeneration of Spain , tho French editor of the Spanish paper gives ua written photographs of three principal personages . Queen Isabella is twenty-three- yoara of
age ; " a woman of an imposing stature , with n countenance that has the fault oi' permitting hoc goodness to be too transparent ; a lip constantly smiling , which ia never opened to utter an accent of anger of hatred ; gricfa betrayed only by tears , when aho could not devour those tears in silence . " In any other poaitiou , uayH the cunning writer , " her atylo of beauty would not have been remarkable , but upon the throne she has all that ia requisite worthily to represent royal majesty . " In short she ia a young lacly without any beauty that would render her remarkable , but for tho persona who stand near her . Turn to them .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 30, 1856, page 13, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_30081856/page/13/
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