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j^'ff3y lfeg &| T QETE LEADER; 513
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THE ESCAPE OF FELICE ORSINI. TwQletters ...
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CONTINENTAL NOTES. FRANCE, The funeral o...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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M. Manin On The Italian " Theory Ol? The...
« ri ** I '« 3 ? to * ' It * ^ patriots , i Agitate , agitate , £ Siv , incessantly ^ « m « our object be gained—until Italv shall become one jradindepaadent . ' I have every jMdmc * that the Piedmontese Government will be with- us , and that confidence is increased by recent * Van # a !\ If I be deceived , it will be a great misfortune ; boC even then , the National Italian party should not desist from its labours . In any case , and in any event , ana until Italy become independent and one , Italians , all von who love your native land , listen to the word ^ bwh comes to you from the exile— Agitate , agitate !'
J^'Ff3y Lfeg &| T Qete Leader; 513
j ^ 'ff 3 y lfeg &| T QETE LEADER ; 513
The Escape Of Felice Orsini. Twqletters ...
THE ESCAPE OF FELICE ORSINI . TwQletters by Signor Felice Orsini have been published : one to M * . Mauroner , director of the Corriere Italiano in Vienna , dated April 17 ; the other , dated May 20 , to a friend . The letter to the Austrian di-{ ecior supposes that functionary to have his pen in lutnd , ready to write the announcement , " Felice Or'tfni has been Tianged in Mantua for the crime of high treason . " This letter implies that M . Maurptter and one Moses Formiggini were the persons wh 0 denounced Signor Orsini . Formiggini has been for ' a . year confined in a madhouse at Vienna . SJgiiol Orsihi bore his prison patiently ; but now he sayshe is" free , " In full possession of all his forces , and ready to avenge himself on those wretched persons "who cast him . into trouble . " The letter to the friend ' relates the manner of Orsini's escape . He
writes : — . "' .. ; ' . ' "On t & e 25 th of March , I was sent , in charge of two g ^ nclarmes and a superior police-officer , to Mantua , where f- ^ r ^ again examined by Baron Sanches . I then learnt that the documents relating to the political mission I h $ fulfilled in Milan in 1854 had fallen into the hands oFtjie' Austrian ( government when the Milanese committee was' arrested ' , and that I was doomed to die on the scaffold . In Mantua I was examined at least twenty tfine 9 . ' '" ** iOri-reachltig Mantua , we . stopped vi tne large
courtyiuld 6 f the castle of St . Georgio . On each of the four aides is a'tower ,. an , d the castle is surrounded by a ditch 8 $# eii 6 t eight . " yards wide and six deep . On the side tikt the bridge of St . ' Georgio is ah arched way passing Sfder tfre street which leads from the bridge to the city . B $ ' m £ ans of ttus arcade , when the waters of the lake aW tilgh , the ditchf round the castle is filled with water . The ^ wnoYe is strongly guarded on all sides by a large detachment of troops with artillery . At the time of my eS & me ' , orxfers were g iven that all ingress and egress affijuld be forbidden between the tours of eight p . m . and ling
'^^ jrl ^ tai the ext # enie , precautions which , the J & fli ^ A ^ toiprevgntescajpe , . Orsini proceeds ;—ji / Aboat the end x > fJanuary , I was put into cell No . 4 , thftiront . 'in the castle , and I almost despaired of ever bj 3 ing > able to escape from it f . the * window was more than trtftiyitfda from the . ground , and , to work at it I was objjged , to-stand on the back of . my chair . The rows of iwo bwrfl i \ T «* e * ; yartL apart , tho outside grating being l ^ jjDth of ;> tl »« . ^ distance beyond ., The bars were extremely thick , especially the inside- ones , and the height fwgnithfi . yriudow lo the level of the ditch , was thirty jWjJB- ^ -Ijnystilf . measured it with a string . ,
t < fM ; jSqnJd jfcofc : work at night , because tho noise of the s ^ VP ^ jtfcowgkjvery slight , . would have been heard by the s «* in « J , iwjho , after the half-past nine o'clock visit , came evflry five Donates to the door . I worked therefore in th ©; daytime ; -ajad . my ear hadbecome bo accustomed to ttaKtep ^ filhei & entineL , that before he opened * he door I g 4 w * ywcontrivfld . to gctrdovrn-atul put my chair in its pUc ^ iwi-eometuweft-I wouldi be walking up and down bumming . . I . e & vered . aver the marks of my work wjth b | felkTpoTRd » r ; mi » ed with ; . black wax and bread . . By th ) i 9 , wp > rking Jn . the chiytimein tho intervals of tho VMl | 8 sJn ;; t . wen ^ J our 4 ay a I had cut away seven of tho ouUnda baca iaod one of the inside ones , where they were had
fix » d iqto ^ taQ , iyany and . from I extracted eight brickV , wJucJi LJudin the straw of my mattress . Afljfofifc ^ coid . IJmd thought of that before . On the 1 st of February I kept backk without their knowing , tho 8 heetflrth )| fcJ &«> oght to have sent away to tho wasb , and on the 1 st of March J kept buck the , towels , which wore arwlfle W * the sheets and a little longer , and by cutting these . jnto , stripj ! i I , was able , on the 27 th of March , to nuke ' ^^ oraV'faptenjng it with , sailor ' s knots . ,. ! 'Atffln 4 o / ch > cJc on , the evening of the 29 th , at the u % J tflflt frprix the capo cuatodc , I pretended to bo asl ^ gj Wt the moment they were gono , and while they wtira ' tMiVko ' iWa rAl . n' / i ' 'Af' fi »« nfh « r viuita . and so making
^ Wpp ^' I rapidly removed tho iron bars I had cut—WjAe ' tip ' twp Uttlo bundles of necessary clothing—fas-^ Mw ^ orct ti ) we oftho remaining burs , let it down ^ Wje ^ mtjb , hjd the bars I had removed in the straw , » nA pea lay a ^ ll . again , till the second visit at half-past Oty ^ o ' o ^ k . I > gain brotcuded to , bo asleep , and tho in-8 t ft # flW" ^ er » gone I rose , and quite calmly proceeded t % }< ji mysejf down . by . tho cord . When within six . feet fro ^ l , the grpuud , J felt 1 could no longer sustain myaolf . I looked at the depth bolow me , and let myself drop . A "OKpfswooncAme . over mo . I , however , moistened my month with an orange I had had tho precaution to take Upon me , and lay for aomo momonti qulat , to roaoyer
myself . I then dressed myself and wandered round and round the castle , seeking some means to get out of the ditch , but I had so hurt my foot in the fall that I could scarcely walk . I hoped to : escape from the ditch into the lake , but the entrance to the lake was barred by a grating . I then endeavoured , with the help of two nails , to scale the wall of the ditch , about six feet high , and had almost reached the top when the foot I had hurt failed me , and I fell to the bottom . Fortunately there had lately been a little water in the ditch , and the soft mud prevented the sentinels hearing the noise of my fall . I remained there in the dread of being
retaken till five o ' clock in the morning , when the city gates were opened , and then some people went by . I called to them , saying that the night before I had been drunk and fallen into the ditch , and begged them to help me out . Some refused , but at last some bolder ones helped me , and I was dragged out with much difficulty , as I could scarcely help myself . My hands were cut in many places . I was very lame , and covered with the mud of the ditch above the waist , yet in that condition I had to cross the bridge within gun-shot of the castle . What happened after that , I must not telL In eight days I was in Switzerland , and able for the first time to attend to my foot . " < .
Continental Notes. France, The Funeral O...
CONTINENTAL NOTES . FRANCE , The funeral of M . Augustin Thierry took place last Saturday . The body was first conveyed to the church of St . Sulpice , and was accompanied by the most eminent men , in Paris connected with' literature and art . A detachment of National Guards escorted the funeral car . The chief mourner was M . Amedee Thierry , brother oi the deceased . The corners of the pall were borne by MM . Naudet , Mignet , Ary Scheffer , and Laboulaye . Amongst the crowd of notabilities who followed the body of the deceased to the grave were MM . JFortoul , Minister of Public Instruction , De Salvandy , De Tocqueville , De Vigny , & c . The body was afterwards carried to the cemetery Montmartre , where several addresses were delivered over the grave .
. Some works o £ . art brought as trophies of victory from Sebastopol have just been placed on the terrace of the Tuileries bordering the river . They are composed of two sphinxes , in marble , of a large size , and the pediment of a building , the centre of which is formed by the double-headed eagle ; whilst on the right and , left are prows of ships and naval instruments . la the course of last December , five copies of the revolutionary manifesto signed by Kossuth , Mazzini , and Ledru Rollin , were seized at the Paris ppat-ofEce . They had , been , sent from Brussels , and it was ascertained that the person who transmitted them was M . Gustave Jules Jour . dan , a barrister and ultra-Republican , who , after the coup d ' etat , was , sentenced to . transportation for in the
having been concerned in the insurrection Basses-Alpes . He escaped , and lived in exile until the early part of last month , when be returned to France , and being recognized , was arrested in the department of the Cote d'Or . His wife ' s residence in Paris was searched , and the police allege that they found there a letter addressed by the captive to Madame Jourdan , begging her to solicit hia pardon from the Emperor , though not with too much anxiety , lest he should bo compromised mth . his party . M . Jourdan admitted that he sent the fi \ ro copies of the manifesto , and he has been sentenced to four years' imprisonment and a fine of five thousand francs . , It has b ( B . en discovered that several copies of the manifesto liave been sent from Brussels , cleverly packed in the interior of a large lobster !
The circular note forwarded to the . representative of the King of Naples in Paris is couched in such strong terms against the manner in which M . Cavour spoke at the Conferences in the name of Italy , and against tho pretensions of the Congress to discuss the question when there was no Plenipotentiary from that Government , that M . Antonini has not presented it . — Tiines Paris C'orresjiondznt . . ¦ The Prefect of the Moselle has suspended the municipal council of the commune of Valmont on the groujid that , '' by its hostile attitude towards the Mayor , its illegal meetings , and ita obstinate meddling with matters beyond its jurisdiction , it lias produced divisions among tho inhabitants , thrown the entire commune into a state of troubleand endangered public tranquillity . "
, A considerable number of foreign cuttle has already arrived in Paris for the great show , which will be opened on Juno 1 . Tho Austrian and Swiss specimens were among tho first arrivals . The aeparato treaty of tho 15 th of April , guaranteeing the independence of Turkey , is said to have been demanded by tho Austrian and Knglish Pleni potentiaries . It ia atatcd that Count Orloff was only informed of what ¦ was about to bo done on tho night before the document v / aa to bo signed ; that ho then obtained the knowledge privately from London ; and that on tho following day , after the signing , ho was officially informod . Tho question of tho limitation of the Besaurabian frontier will notit is thought , be arranged without difficulty
, Tho Morninr ; Post Paris correspondent announces that th e 600 , 000 Bubacriptioiis got up among tho lower orders of Paris , for tho purpose of " presenting tho I ' . mpr «/) 0 and the Prujco Jm » or } al with n mm of money , W
a token of gratitude and devotion , " are to be dedicated to the poor . Even the Napoleonic Mr . Jenkins admits that the subscriptions have " givenrise to much satirical comment . " . , . ¦ The committee of the Legislative Body entrusted with the examination of the supplementary budget of the year 1856 , comprising the extraordinary , credits , has completed its labours . The total amount of this credit is l , 500 , 000 , 000 fr ., comprising l , 200 , 000 , 000 fr . for the expenses of the war . AUSTRIA .
It is not yet definitively settled ( says the Times Vienna correspondent ) what part of the Gallician line of railway is to fall to the share of the Gallician nobles ; but it is likely that they will have it from Myslowitz to Cracow , Bochnia , Tarnow , Dembica , Rzeszow , Lemberg , Czernowitz , and Suczawa . There is also to be a branch line from Lemberg to Brody , on the Russian frontier . As the Berlin-Breslau Railroad goes to Myslowitz , a direct communication will be opened between the eastern extremity of Gallicia and Prussia ; from Cracow there is a railroad to Warsaw and St . Petersburg , and the Russians intend to construct a railway from Moscow and Kieff to Brody . It is also thought of carrying the Gallician Railroad from Czernowitz and Suczawa to Jassy and Galatz .
Baron Werner , the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , has left Styria for Rome , or , at any rate , for some part of Italy . The object of his journey is avowedly merely for change of air ; but it is thought that he is charged with some mission to the Tapal Government with respect to ecclesiastical matters . M . de Walewski , brother of the French Premier , has passed through . Vienna on a mission from France to the Pope , which , is said to be connected with the reforms recommended by France to the Pontifical Government . The nature of these reforms has not been stated ; but the wishes of Austria are stated to be : —1 . A change in the system of public instruction . 2 . A radical reform in the administration of justice . 3 . Troops to be raised in the country . 4 . Construction of the projected railroads , and incitement to commercial enterprise on the part of the Government .
The Qorriere Italiano ( a semi-official organ of a part of the Vienna cabinet ) contains in a recent number a virulent article against Sardinia , in the course of which it remarks : — "The days of Davids and prodigies , are past ; children cannot overthrow grown men ; but the most robust man , wearied by the continued vexations and molestations of the weak , may forget the usages of generosity , and be induced to inflict on the petulant boy such a correction as he will remember for a long time . " The Berlin cabinet has authorised its representative in Turin ( the Baron Brassier de St ; Simon ) to assure the Sardinian Government that Prussia will preserve , a strict neutrality on the Italian question , and will not ' subscripe to any treaty or convention the object of which is the maintenance of Austria in Italy . , .. ' ..
The widow of Count Louis Battnyani , who was executed at Pesth after the Hungarian war of independence , has not yet received a farthing of her jointure from the Austrian Government , which confiscated her husband ' s estates ; and the widows and wives of other political offenders are in exactly the same position . The official Weiner Zeitung has an article explaining the reasons of the Austrian Government for joining with England and France in tlie separate Treaty of the 15 th of April . The writer calls attention to tho fact that , during the Vienna Conferences , the Russian Plenipotentiaries declined to take any share in a guarantee for the independence of Turkey . The introduction of any clause to this effect into the fundamental conditions of peace would , therefore , have rendered it extremel y difficult to bring matters to a satisfactory termination .
But , without such a guarantee , the peace of Europe might again be disturbed . In face of its former declarations , Kussift could not be asked to share in the proposed treaty , neither could Prussia , because sho had already announced her resolution not to enter into any obligation which could at a futuro time interfere with her perfect freedom of action . " We are in a position to affirm , " concludes the Writer , " that there aro 110 secret articles whatever to the Treaty of the lfith oC April of t'tis year . We cherish tho firm persuasion that , although tho Treaty in question secures tho prolonged union of Austria England , and France , on tho principles of law and justice , it in no way interferes with the most intimate federal relations with Prussia and tho other-German Statcfl , nor prevents the complete re-establishment of sincere , friendly , and neighbourly relations with .
Russia . ' . , Tho Ministerial Oesferreichtiche Correapondtnz lias an article ( . supposed to emanate from the Foreign-oflJcfi ) denying tho right of Sardinia to speak in tho name ot Ituly , and asserting that Austria , " true to her principle —regard for tho independence of all sovereignties —has never intervened in Italy " excopt in tho most disinterested manner ; " that aho is " ready to give her approval to all advantageous changes which may emanate from tho free and cnlighteuod will of the Italian Governments ; " that Bho desires to bo able to withdraw nor troops ; but that sho will resist revolution . „ I'HUSSIA . Tho Emperor of Russia is expected in Berlin . Count Nossolrodo and Princo Woronzoff aro also expected to arrive .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 31, 1856, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_31051856/page/9/
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