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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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diffusion of Christianity and civilization in Africa , and other topics . Lord Palmerstojt , who observed that the discussion was very much disproportioned to the real extent of the question , justified the acceptance of the two or three trading stations offered by the Danish Government for the mere cost of the materials , which would fill up the gaps in our lines of communication , protect our trade against jealous and active rivals , and extend legitimate commerce . The amendment to refuse the vote of £ 10 , 000 was negatived on a division by 138 to 42 .
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The grand banquet of the Royal Agricultural Society took place at Exeter on Thursday , in a handsome new pavilion , erected for the occasion on an open space at the extremity of Queen-street . Upwards of 1200 sat down , and there were , besides , at least 500 applicants who could not obtain tickets . The entertainment consisted of a cold collation , and , at an earlier hour of the day , many hundred ladies were admitted by ticket to view the tables and the decorations , which , under the arrangement of M . Soyer , produced a fine effect . The Marquis of Downshire presided , and the assembly was addressed by Lord Wodehouse , Mr . Abbot Lawrence , the American Ambassador , M . Drouyn de Lhuys , the Earl of Yarborough , and the Earl of Chichester , and other noblemen and gentlemen .
The vacancy in the parliamentary representation of Tamworth was filled up yesterday . The third Sir Robert Peel was , by the unanimous voice of the constituency , elected to fill the seat in the House of Commons , which had been occupied for so long a period by his father and grandfather . On Wednesday evening , at about a quarter to six o ' clock , an explosion took place at Messrs . Curtis and Harvey ' s powder-mills , Hounslow-heath . The
consternation excited was not allayed until it was ascertained that no person was killed or injured . During the latter part of the afternoon the lightning was extremely vivid , and the men , women , and children , of whom there are nearly 200 employed in this dangerous occupation , left their work much earlier than usual in consequence . In a short time afterwards the lightning struck one of the buildings , the roof of which was blown off , and everything in the building destroyed .
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CIRCASSIAN WAR . —DEFEAT OF THE RUSSIANS . Trebizond , July 3 . —We have received by recent arrivals most important intelligence from Daghistan : and the reports of further losses by the Russians , in their warfare with Shamil Bey , are now so extensively circulated , and so generally credited , that , compared with accounts which have reached us , take a form of authenticity fully to be relied upon . It appears that Shamil Bey , who really deserves credit as a military commander , has crossed the frontier at the head of a large force , and carried devastation and
pillage among the Tartar villages south of Azderhan . General Dolgorouky , who commands the Russian army , had not time to concentrate his troops , which were for the most part cut up , discouraged , half starved , and toiling their way through rocks and roads nearly impassable , and rendered more so bv the tramping of thousands of men and beasts of burden on a narrow track , from which they dared not deviate . Besides these difficulties , Shamil ' s active and indefatigable mountaineers harassed them at every step , and a general disorganization spread itself among the
Russian ranks . They reached Eskidevirche , some seventy miles over the frontier , during the night of the 5 th of May , and fell upon an ambuscade of the Daghlees , commanded by Shamil in person . The mountaineers being short of ammunition were soon among them sword in hand , and the Russian host was quickly put to the rout , with the loss of a general , an aide-decamp , seventy officers , four guns , and most of their ammunition and baggage . The Daghlees being loaded with booty , retired among the fastnesses of their mountain retreats , after a campaign which lasted from the 23 d of April to the 6 th of May . — Morning Herald ,
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M . Lamartiniurc was brought before the Assembly on Thursday , for his article in the Pouvoir , and his cause advocated by M . Chaix d'Estangcs . After he had been heard , M . Dupin stated that there were two counts incriminating M . Lainartiniere . The first , of an offence against the Assembly ; the second , of an attack on the Constitution . A ballot then took place , the Mountain for the moht part abstaining from voting . The result was , on tho first count , for condemnation , 273 , for acquittal , lot ; majority for condemnation , 119 . On the second count the Assembly declared itself incompetent to jmlgp . The nature of the penalty was then intimated to M . Chaix d'Estangcs , who reminded the Piesident tluit the . Assembly had the power to deal in their sentence with ' extenuating circumstances . " The Assembly then proceeded to deliberate , and at its close the President announced that the Assembly had condemned M . Lamartiniurc in the maximum fine of five thousand francs .
The latest advices iroin Germany state that the KcMcswig-llolstein head-quarters had moved to the town of SchlcMwig , which is placed under the command of Major Inuinger . The batteries of Eckexnforde are a ^ ain occupied by ihe Schleswig-llolsteiners , under the command of Major Jungmnnn and Captain Christiansen , . llotli the Chambers of Hanover have declared that they consider the pence concluded between Prussia and iDeiimark as dishonourable to ( icrmany , and have called upon the Government to do what the honour of the nation demands .
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PEEL ' S LEGACY . Even after death Peel gives to his country a new insight into his character , one which may convey a hopeful lesson to timid politicians of the Liberal order . Few of us are so craven that we cannot be bold in theory ; and surely the most fearful will be reassured in studying the future from the past of that statesman who entered life as the champion of Toryism . We have known for some years that Peel ' s character had been grossly misconstrued : it is only after his death that we learn to regard the former champion of Toryism as the harbinger of Democracy ; and it is more than possible that further biographical disclosures may throw additional light on this interesting fact . That society had so misconceived his character was in part owing to his own slow development of it , in part to some incidents of social life peculiar to our time . In former days , your active statesman lived much more in the public view . His way of life was known to the world , and in the main it was less easy to mistake his character . From Miltiades to Pericles , from Junius Brutus to Cicero , in ancient times ; from Charlemagne to Henry IV ., from Carlo Zeno to Leopold of Tuscany , from Alfred the Great to Cromwell , Strafford to Charles James Fox , the statesman lived in sight of his countrymen ; they knew his mode of passing his day , his mien in familiar intercourse with his friends , his personal bearing in moments of strong feeling . But the reserve of the modern bienseances , coupled with the immense expansion of the great capitals and of society in them , removes and veils the personal life from public view . In Elizabeth ' s time society was divided into classes , as it is now ; but gossip could run from class to class . In our day , the division is not only into classes , but into circles and cliques ; the expanding wave of gossip must die out before it has passed many bounds , even if the smoothed surface of ultra-refinement did not give that wave a slighter and less distinctive impulse . Men are strangers to each other , as much as if they lived in foreign countries . The people is alien to its statesmen ; statesmen know of the people only through newspapers and blue books— poor and dry substitutes for voyages and travels ! On the whole , in these respects , the change is not for the better . But that we are not stationary , that we are advancing towards a stage which will be without some of these sources of estrangement , is shown by the bearing of that sagacious statesman whose conduct has been more misconceived than that of all his contemporaries . The estimate was not only unjust , but fails in almost every particular . For example , lie was said to have no friends : they now show themselves , ardent and most stedfastly attached . He was thought to be a man of cold disposition , hard and immoveable : it is now known that lie was a man with singular self-command , but that he was strong in feeling , warm-hearted , and probably sensitive . He was thought to be subservient : a retrospect of his career shows that he was from the first a man of independent mind and conduct . He was thought to be prejudiced and uncandid : because ho accepted things ' as he found them , until knowledge and reflection altered his conviction ; he worked out problems for himself , by a slow process , not headlong nor anticipating ; but it docs not appear that he ever concealed his new conviction , nor neglected the opportunity of enforcing it . Like all true artists , his was a life of study , and the public reaped the benefit of his incessant selfcorrection . He entered ' life as the apprentice of Lord Liverpool : he sacrificed favour , at a very early age , to take an independent position in reforming the rotten state of the currency ; he simplified and improved the criminal code ; he recognised , among the first , the English democracy and Tts advance in knowledge and influence j he
recognised not only the justice , not only the necessity but the policy of the Roman Catholic Emancipa ! tion ; if the Reform Bill somewhat headed th e development of his opinions , it was not for long ; in adopting free trade , he taught to all parties the great lesson that statesmen must act with their own times , and not with those that are past . And now , the ambitious Peel ' s dying bequest to the progress of public opinion , is the example of refusing titles for himself or his family , on account of services that he has rendered to his country .
That Peel was ambitious there can be no doubt ; but his ambition was at once generous and sagacious . His imagination was not retrograde . Wanting , perhaps , in some degree of vivacity , it was not self-willed , but borrowed its vision fro m the strict observation of facts . In him the quality of imagination seemed to resolve itself into a
sagacious foresight . His political dreams were a prosaic prophetic history . His earliest public act of any dimensions was that which originated in his seeing through the unsubstantial visions of the papermoney fanatics ; and he checked the " overtrading " of later years which he could not prevent . While still officially connected with the most typical specimen of Tory Governments , he noted the advance of opinion among the working classes . While still on the Protectionist side , he saw by anticipation
the free trade of our own day . The most ambitious , probably , of statesmen in our time , he stuck to the People ' s House ; and his last act is to indicate a wish that his family should not risk themselves in the future history of our titled aristocracy . Now , what does that mean ? From the elements of the past you may calculate what would have been the sequel with geometrical precision . Taking Peel ' s entrance into office as Under Secretary for the Home Department , and the mere administrator of
a Liverpool policy as a point , note the expansion of his views—in the recognition of the People , the adoption of the Reform Bill , the enactment of Free Trade with his reference to the People , and this last refusal of titles . Is it likely that Sir Robert Peel imagined power to remain deposited among the possessors of titles , —is it likely that he failed to foresee the completion of the changes that are working in Europe ? Did he not understand the efforts of trade and of the working people to obtain possession of the land ? Foreseeing those efforts , did he show any fear of them ? Did not his conduct indicate a growing aptitude , not only to suffer
the changes which await his country , but to be the leading and active man in carrying forth those changes ? Noting the expansion which we have observed , from the single point to that last posthumous declaration , are we not to calculate that , if he had lived ten or twenty years longer , the further expansion might have been proportionate ; and that within that period the former champion of Toryism , the adopter of the Reform Bill , the enacter of Free Trade , the statesman who practically stood far in advance of our " Reformers , " would have been the leader of the approaching movement of the Democracy ; not fearing it—prepared to share it—willing to guide and improve it ?
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CAPITAL PUNISHMENT . Vexatious opposition to reasonable measures justifies the resort to more extreme measures : the moral Toryism which infects the Administration of the Whigs , and makes them persevere in being " Conservative" of barbarous abuses like the practice of hanging , ought to convince earnest Reformers that it will be " necessary to take up the question at an earlier stage , or to push it far beyond
the specific measure . Mr . Ewart is right when he abandons the merely statistical ground . That is exhausted . The intelligent part of the public—that part , at least , which acts upon its reflections—is already convinced that punishment by death is very uncertain in its advantages , very certain in its mischievous effects . The tampering with life is not only perceived , a priori , to undermine the veneration for life which it professes to uphold , but it actually suggests bad It is evident that
and murderous passions . quite the improvement of our code , by rendering it more merciful , has tended to a healthier state of social morals , and , consequently , to the diminution of crime . But statistical figures are very manageable things ; for this reason , that figures in themselves are not arguments , —they are only the measures of arguments ; and yet from their absolute and generally understood nature they are more welcome than arguments . It is the commentary with which
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394 &t ) C gLeataet . [ Saturday ,
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pahlxe Maxes .
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There is nothing so revolutionary , "because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law of its creation in its eternal progress . — Dk . Aenold .
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o SATURDAY , JULY 20 , 1850 .
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Leader (1850-1860), July 20, 1850, page 394, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1847/page/10/
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