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the articles of European clothing they had stolen from the ship ' s stores . Captain Short , expecting an attack would be made on the vessel , resolved to launch the longboat and abandon the wreck . This was accordingly done , and , putting into the boat all the provisions that remained , the crew shoved off , and anchored about 300 yards from the ship . The natives soon afterwards swam off to the vessel in great numbers , and boarding her proceeded to strip her of everything that was valuable . Having completed this outrage they attempted to gain possession of the longboat , and would have succeeded had not the crew immediately put out to sea . "
They took a course along the coast , and , after enduring great privation and barbarous treatment from the natives wherever they landed , they succeeded in reaching Muscat . As soon as Captain Short had partially recovered from the exposure and privation he had endured during the fifteen days and nights at sea in the long-boat , he sought a passage in the first vessel for Bombay . On his arrival there he communicated the circumstances to the
authorities , and prevailed on them to despatch a steamer to attempt the rescue of his wife and the portion of the crew who were left behind . Before she sailed , however , intelligence arrived from Aden to the effect that a portion of the crew had been taken off the coast by Captain Ramsey , of the Columbia , on the 12 th of August ; but that the remainder , and also Mrs . Short , had perished in an attempt to escape from the natives . It is now ascertained that poor Mrs . Short , with the other sufferers , met their sad fate on the evening of the same day that they landed from the wreck . She contrived to free herself from the
clutches of the natives , and rushed down to the beach where the crew were assembled . They managed to get the boat which broke away from the wreck when Captain Short was about coming off with assistance ; and at the earnest entreaties of Mrs . Short it was determined to make an attempt to regain the ship . Amidst so great a surf it appeared hopeless , but the fear of remaining in the hands of the natives during the night induced them to risk it . The boat was got off , but , as might he expected , was soon swamped , and all of them perished .
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THE HUNGARIAN MAltTYRS . A meeting was held on Wednesday , at the Hanover-square rooms , in commemoration of the Hungarian martyrs who perished oti the Austrian scaffold , and the heroes who fell on the battle-fields during the last struggle for national independence against the combined forces of the two despotic powers—Russia and Austria . The chair was taken at a quarter-past one p . m ., by Dr . H . Ron ay , member of the Hungarian University at Pesth , who , in his native language , addressed his fellow-countrymen in an energetic speech , full of hope for the futurity of his beloved country , a speech which he concluded by addressing the Italian exiles present in the Latin language , and thus terminated : — -
•? Nunciate accolis Italiac : eandem nobis esse sortem , flagella eadem ! sed eandem etiam obtingere et vitam et libertatem futuram ! Nunciate populis vestris , gloriosa Romanorum posteritati illud Taciti : Malo inquietam libertatem , quam tutum servitium ! Et illud , Patris patria nunciute : dulce et decorum pro patria mori ! " Dr . Ron ay was succeeded by Dr . Hutter Szenessy , also a Hungarian , who addressed the meeting in German . After having alluded to particular qualities peculiar to certain European nations , as , for instance , to the Englishman ' s perseverance and
presence of mind in the hour of danger , he afhrmed that the sons of Hungary could not only boast of possessing the good qualities peculiar to other nations , but that they were unsurpassed in the virtues of generosity and faithfulness . In proof of the above he alluded to the faithfulness of his people to the Ilapsburg Lothringue dynasty , until the hitter ' s own atrocities and treasonable proceedings compelled them to revolt . That they were highly generous they had shown by the mildness with which they had treated the Austrian prisoners of war , though they well knew that their countrymen who had fallen into the Austrian hands had been exposed to the most
cruel outrages . Dr . Huttor was succeeded by Count Francis Pulszky , the Charge d'Affaires of the fallen Hungarian Government , who delivered an excellent speech in English . Ho was followed by Si « nor Agostini , a member of the late National Assembly of the Roman Republic , in a most enthusiastic manner , in his beautiful Roman tongue . He concluded by saying that " Italy rises from the graves of her own sons to weep over those of the Hungarian martyrs ! " Pinally , Mr . Barely , a Hungarian , the same who dicovored the attempt made upon Kossuth ' s life by the Austrian assassins , spoke in his own language of the groat men now groaning in Austrian dungeons , for having too heartily loved Hungary . This commetnoratory meeting wjis preceded by a funeral service in the French Chapel , King-street , Portimm-square , which commenced at cloven o ' clock a . m . LOUD BllOlJCJUAM DEFEATED . The ilk-gal netting transaction in which Lord Brougham and his fcrignUa were engaged , on the 10 th
ultimo at Nine Kirk Holm , in the River Eamont , and which created so much interest and excitement , was brought to a final termination on Tuesday , so far as the magistrates are concerned . It will be remembered that at the investigation of the affair , at the petty sessions held at Penrith on the 24 th ultimo , five informations ( amongst others under different acts of Parliament ) under the Sol way Act were preferred against Lord Brougham ' s patty for using an illegal net in the River Eamont , and that one of them only , according to an arrangement between the parties , was investigated . The case being one of a rather intricate nature , and Lord Brougham being rather an awkward subject to deal with , the magistrates very prudently took time to consider the evidence before giving their final decision . Lord Brougham's netter pleaded guilty to the charge of fishing as set forth in the information , but disputed the application of the Solway Act to a private right of fishing in a fresh water river like the Eamont . The written objections on this head having been handed to the magistrates , counsel ' s opinion was taken on the point , as to whether it was legal , under the Solway Act , for an owner of property in a fresh water river , or a person having liberty on such property , to fish as he might think proper . The judgment of the magistrates was that the mesh of his lordship ' s net not being less than one inch from knot to knot ; and , moreover , the said net being armoured , the defendant Armstrong was liable , under the Solway Act , and they adjudged that Armstrong pay a penalty of £ 5 , including costs . The fine was immediately paid by Mr . Jameson . Of course JLord Brougham will not let the question rest .
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A WEEK AMONG THE EMIGRANT SHIPS AT LIVERPOOL . No . I . —Associative Emigration . We are glad to direct the attention of our readers to the following communication from a friend , whose practical knowledge of the evils which beset the Emigrant , and of the manner in which they may be avoided by associative arrangements , renders all he has to say upon the subject of peculiar value . Lincoln , Oct . 1 , 1850 . Thousands and tens of thousands of our fellowlabourers in this country are annually driven , by the paucity of resources for their honest subsistence , to seek the means of improving their condition by emigrating . I have no desire to dilate on the necessity , the propriety , or the advantages of emigration ; but so long as such a state of society exists , —where the labouring portion of it cannot procure such employment as would enable them to earn their own living and contribute , at the same time , to the universal wealth of the community , instead of being a drain upon its resources and an augmentation of its poverty , —so long- must they seek in other lands what appears to be impracticable for them to procure at home . Rnf Ktrnnrr as mav hf > the necessity for Dei'SOllS to auit
their native land , and flattering as may be the prospects which a foreign country affords , their situation is , in most respects , trying and painful . A very few hours spent amongst the hundreds crammed together in the steerage of an emigrant ship would convince the most sceptical that a passage across the Atlantic is attended with no small share of inconvenience and annoyance ,
though these may be considerably mitigated by adopting a plan of associative emigration , thereby removing many of those serious disadvantages to which the individual emigrant is exposed . And it is to some such plan to which I wish to direct attention , for the benefit of those who go to the land of the West , founded on recent experience from visits to the great port of American transit—Liverpool .
The individual emigrant , on reaching this port , will find that he is immediately recognized as an emigrant : he will be kindly accosted and advised , and ( if he suffer it ) led away to the boarding-house , the ship-agent , and the provision-dealer , who will all cheat him in turn . On his arrival at New York he will be met by similar landsharks ( who are called runners ) , the same in rapacity and roguery , and long experience has given them a perfection in the art of swindling little dreamed of by
their unsuspecting victims . The " runner business is perfectly systematized ; and intelligence generally precedes the arrival of the emigrant by the steamer first out after his departure , and he is no doubt surprised to find himself again recognized , and the same offer of services forced upon his acceptance . Thus , the individual emigrant is exposed to many disadvantages , and suffers many privations , simply for want of suitable information and a properly digested plan of procedure . All this might be
avoided by proper cooperation , as has been demonstrated by Mr . Sheppard , late editor of the Hull Eastern Counties Herald ( at present a settler at De Witt , Clintoun county , statp of Iowa ) , who has fully detailed the successful result of tho principle of association as applied to the transit oi a large party from Hull across the Atlantic , then up the country , ami even afterwards to the selection and purchase of suitable tracts of land , the establishment of mills , stores , &c , &c , Mr . Slieppard , and his party left
the port of Liverpool in the month of April last . Before embarking he told me that , on his first going out , about seven years ago , he was cheated throughout the whole of his route , until his final arrival in the Wisconsin territory $ and this circumstance caused him to turn his attention to the subject of Organized Emigration , —a system which on his second start for the " Far West , " he was careful to adopt , and , I am happy to add , with the most pleasing results . The ordinary mode i 9 surrounded with so many difficulties , that it is somewhat of a task to enumerate half of them ; I will , therefore , detail some particulars of
what I saw in my week ' s visit amongst the emigrant ships at Liverpool . These vessels are regular liners , fitted up with steerage accommodation , and built for the purpose of effecting quick passages . They vary in . size from 1000 to 3000 tons burden , and scarcely two of them , will be found to be fitted up alike . The largest of them are used chiefly for the conveyance of steerage passengers , consisting of English , Irish , and Scotch , who , by some means or other , have managed to get a sufficient sum together to pay their passage-money and purchase a small quantity of provisions for the voyage . It is from
this class of passengers that the ship-agents at Liverpool derive their greatest profits . As many as from 500 to 600 men and women ( married and single ) and children are frequently stowed away in the steerage of a large vessel , which is fitted up with a double row of berths , and into one of these , two , three , or four people are crammed , as the ship happens to fill . The price paid for a passage of this sort is from £ 3 to £ 4 for each passenger , including the Government allowance of provisions , which consists of three quarts of water daily , and , weekly , 61 b . of bread , 2 oz . of tea , lib . of pork , and 21 b . of rice ; cooking
grates and fire are supplied also ; but all other provisions , bed , bedding , utensils for eating , drinking , and cooking , medicine , &c , are found , or should be , by the passengers themselves . Very few , indeed , of the ships are provided with a surgeon , though medical gentlemen may have a passage gratis in return for their services during the voyage . The great number of persons collected together in the steerage prevent the possibility of preserving general order and cleanliness , comfort or decorum , whilst the perpetual violence done to virtuous delicacy render the situation trying and painful to those whose habits
partake of any measure of refinement . In the majority of cases with which I have been concerned , where persons have taken out young children , some of them have died on the passage , or soon after their arrival . It is obvious , therefore , that economy , comparative comfort , safety to health and life might all be secured by such an organization as would ensure suitable arrangements for the Yuyage . As an example , I may mention that when arranging for a passage for two persons bound for New Orleans , I paid £ 7 for two second-cabin berths on board the Halcyon ( despatched by Messrs Tapscott , Regent ' s-
road ) , but if I had wanted ten berths I could have had them at £ 2 15 s . each , and if twenty had been required , at £ 2 10 s . each . In the matter of stores and provisions the principle was the same . A bed for a berth which would be occupied by two persons , suitable for both , cost little more than that required by one . Cooking utensils , bedding , &c , which each individual feels compelled to provide , might be available and sufficiently so , for at least , five persons , and all throughout the same remark holds good . I induced two different parties going by different ships to cooperate immediately after their tickets
were numbered , and they had every reason to thank me ( which they did ) for the beneficial and economical result of their organization . Another source of anxiety , annoyance , disappointment , as well as increased expense would be avoided , I mean the long detention of emigrants in . Liverpool after the day on which ships have been advertized to sail , for they frequently delay the vessel in port for a period extending from ten to twenty days to obtain a full complement of passengers . Several ships under my own notice were ten and fifteen days in the docks after the time originally fixed for sailing , which was a matter of serious complaint amongst parties
going . For such detention one shilling per day is allowed to passengers ( if they can get it ) from the date of their ship ticket , but this sum is not anything like adequate to the extra expense which is necessarily incurred at lodgings , loss of time , &c . But the greatest pests of the emigrant arc to found in a class of men , already mentioned , called runners . Their business is to await the arrival of the railway trains for the purpose of getting parties to the different boarding-houses and offices of forwarding houses , for which service they receive a commission . I repeat the mention of these men for the especial caution of persons unacquainted with their practices .
The Germans have , for some time , had in operation a well-arranged and executed plan of associative emigration , by which many of the evils of a transatlantic voyage have been remedied ; and , farther , their colonies in the new world are described as being perfect models of order , comfort , and prosperity ; a delightful demonstration of what may be done by cooperation , directed by intelligence and good management . I earnestly invite those who contemplate " going out" to avail themselves of the
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676 ffif > £ ULtKijtt * [ SATfTRDAY ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 12, 1850, page 676, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1856/page/4/
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