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the magistrates . The writer of the letter added that he wrote the present communication in the dark , and in fear of detection . The speaker concluded with some remarks on the inquest on the bodies of the Chartists Sharpe and Williams . Several resolutions condemnatory of the conduct of the authorities were passed . An enquiry before Mr . Commissioner Barlow , into the state of mind of Mr . James Fermor , an elderly gentleman of largre fortune , was commenced on Thursday , October 3 , and occupied five days . The petitioners were the Earl of Sefton , the Marquis Delaforce , and Lady Maria Massey Stanley , who were represented by Mr . Bramwell and Mr . Wilkins ; the Solicitor-General , Mr .
ISarston and Mr . Bird appearing on behalf of the subject of the enquiry . It was alleged on the part of the next of kin that Mr . Fermor having been , for at least twenty years , incapable of controlling his affairs , was unduly influenced by certain parties who endeavoured to prevent < all communication between him and his relatives ; several witnesses were called who had been induced to attest a will and other documents , signed by Mr . Fermor , under the peremptory guidance of a Miss E . Jones . The jury , consisting of eighteen , were about half an hour in finding a verdict ( from which three dissented ) that James Fermor , Esq ., was of unsound mind , and had been since the 30 th of June , 1844 .
A commission under the Great Seal was opened at the White Horse Inn , Uxbridge , Miidlesex , on Wednesday , before Mr . Commissioner Winslow , to enquire into the state of mind of Mr . Arthur Hugh Manners Tollemache , aged fifty-one , of Hose Cottage , Cowley , near Uxbridge , son of the late Honourable Charles Tollemache , nephew of the Earl of Dysart . It was shown by the testimony of several witnesses that the unfortunate subject of the enquiry had been of weak intellect from his infancy ; that he never made any progress at school , not having learned even writing ; and that he had been under the care of Mr . Norton , of Rose Cottage , for the last ten years . The commission had been issued in consequence of his father ' s death ( which occurred three months ago ) , upon which event he became entitled to a considerable fortuneabout £ 45 , 000 . The jury returned an unanimous verdict— " thatMr . Tollemache had been of unsound mind
since the 1 st of March , 1836 . " Some alarm was created at Faversham on Thursday morning by an explosion occurring at the well-known powder-mills of Messrs . Hall , at Ospringe . Providentially > the workmen were not in the mill at the time , and not a soul appears to have been hurt . The building in which the explosion took place was destroyed . A fire broke out in the house of Mr . Crawcour , surgpon-dentist , Addington-place , Camberwell-road , on Wednesday evening , which was not subdued until the whole of the premises were consumed , and considerable
damage done to the houses adjacent . An explosion took place on board the Erin ' s Queen , a screw steamboat , Cotton ' s Wharf , London-bridge , on Thursday afternoon , by which the head engineer was killed on the spot , and the lives of several other persons seriously endangered . Two officers of the Eastern Railway Company lost their lives last week through their own negligence . They h ; id £ Gne on the top of a railway carriage , and , not taking clue precaution as they passed under a railway bridge , were both killed instantly by coming in contact
ruth it . Mr . John Ren Gatley , formerly a surgeon , but lately a . spur manufacturer at 161 , Piccadilly , committed suicide at Graveser . d last week . He was found dead in bed , having bled to death from a wound inflicted by himself in tho " rif » ht groin . At the inquest on his body the jury returj . cd " a verdict of " Temporary insanity . " He had been in low spirits lately owing to adverse circumstances . A shocking accident occurred at a coal-mine near Old ham on Wednesday . Owing to the accidental breaking of the gauze cover of a safety-lamp the ilame came in contact with the inflammable gas , and an explosion took plaee . Fourteen persons are said to have been killed and a number of others severely injured .
Henry Denham , the man who was apprehended on suspicion of having been one of the party who assailed and robb < d Mr . Curcton , was brought up at the Mansionhouse , on Wednesday , for further examination , but at the request of Mr . Humphreys for the prosecution was remanded for another week . While Denham was in court , he was recognized by Mr . Miller , a paint manufacturer , residing in Long-acre , as one of a gang who endeavoured to choke him , some time ago , with an instrument , like the one employed to throttle Mr . Cureton . The prisoner denied that he had ever seen Mr . Miller , lie was seriously ill at the time the attack was said to have been made .
perty to his brother , the annuitant . The executor , therefore , by this dispensation finds himself unexpectedly put in possession of property amounting to several thousands of pounds , in addition to an extensive collection of books and paintings of great value . A considerable interest was last week excited by the case of a man in whose left eye a living parasitic animal ( systicercus ) existed , and could be seen to move behind the transparent part of the cornea of the eye . This , though only the sixth case of the kind on record , is the second which has occurred at the Glasgow Eye Infirmary
within the last two years . In the present instance the patient went from England to Glasgow to put himself under the care of Dr . Mackenzie , who on Friday extracted the offending animal from the eye , and has since dismissed him also quite well , the eye presenting no appearance of ever having been operated on at all . The animal in question has a neck about a third of an inch long , formed of rings , somewhat after the fashion of a tapeworm , and bearing a curious head armed with suckers . Its other end is a transparent bag , about one-eighth of an inch in diameter , the wavy motions of which , were beautifully seen in front of the pupil . the dail
Those who are in the habit of reading y papers from , beginning to end have doubtless encountered , among other novelties , one headed the " Sine Manubrium Brush . " This learned title—an indispensable requisite to all new inventions in this erudite age—has been given by the inventor to a new kind of hair brush which , as we can testify from experience , is well worthy of all that the inventor says in its praise . He affirms that " it answers the purpose of a comb , a hard brush , two medium brushes , and a soft brush by merely turning it , " a fact which any one can easily verify by investing 4 s . in the purchase of a " Sine Manubrium , " or handless hair brush , and . following the instructions given along with it .
Several disturbances of a very serious nature have taken place at Saddleworth and the neighbourhood during the past week , in consequence of several millinvmrs having attempted to evade the Ten Hours Act by working by relays . The disturbances have not been rjiu . sf d by the factory operatives in the neighbourhood of Saddlfworth , but . by operatives from other places , who have insisted that the Ten Hours Act shall be adhered to . At several mills they broke the windows and turned out the workpeople , iii one instance they kicked the m ; tT ) au ;< r and threw stones at the workpeople . iJiuiiii ' tlicr late Chester election a gentleman , who was
csmviissing for the late Mr . . Stanley , was called in by an (• centric individual , who -wished him to purchase the io ' onht ho had in some freehold property , by allowing Jum an unnuity for his life . The gentleman entered into his views , and agreed to allow him the sum of one guinea ]» er we . k as long as he lived . Before the expiration of the second week , the gentleman was again sent for to make the will of the annuitant , wherein he made him snle devisee and executor . The next day the old man died . A foreign letter had befii received by the annuitr . nf , a day or two previous to his death , which proved to \> r the will of the old man ' s brother , who died abroad . It was written in Spanish , and by it he left all his pro-
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Mr . Nicholas Mayer , one of the members for Tipperary , and a large landed proprietor in that county , and the Hon . Cecil Lawless , member for Clonmel , and son of Lord Cloncurry , have given in their unconditional allegiance to the principles of the Tenant League . Both gentlemen have promised to attend the forthcoming monster meeting to be held in Tipperary on the 14 th instant . Mr . Scully , the other member for the county , has also " pronounced" in favour of the League . Mr . Thomas O'Brien , of Fairfield , late a stipendiary magistrate in Tipperary , whose property is about to be sold under the Encumbered Estates Act , has issued an address to his tenants , in which he pretty clearly intimates his intention of making a physical-force resistance
to any purchaser who may come to take possession . He and his family have been for centuries owners of Fairfield , and he will not , he says , allow it to pass into " the hands of the stranger . " He calls on the tenantry to assist him , and thus concludes : — " I will be with you in November , when the old places are to be set up again . I will share your dangers and your fears , as well as your hopes and your triumphs . You shall have the land at any valuation you please , and leases must be granted to the most faithful and loyal amongst you . In the meantime , during the short days and long nights of % vinter , we will meekly await at the old gateway for the coming of the stranger ! ! "
The Freeman ' s Journal publishes a long letter of four columns , signed by the Roman Catholic committee for the establishment of an independent university for the education of the Roman Catholics of Ireland . The committee call upon the clergy and laity to aid them in their efforts , and to lend their best assistance in this important movement , directed to the preservation of the faith pure and uncontaminated by Protestant heresy . One M'Cormick , a weaver , was shot while working at his loom last week . He occupied a house from which some parties , named Shannon , had been ejected for rent . Suspicion has fallen upon a man named M'llveen , who , it is said , owed deceased a grudge . A warrant has been issued for the apprehension of M'llveen .
Mr . John O'Connell , in his address to the wreck of the Repeal Association , at Conciliation-hall , on Monday , stated that h «> understood it was intended that the letter of Mr . Corbaliis to Archbishop Murray , lately published , should be followed up by an address from enlightened Catholics to the Pope , praying that the decision of the Synod on the colleges might be rejected ; but he ( Mr . O'Connell ) could inform Mr . Corbaliis and others that , no matter what exertions they made , the colleges would he defeated . The rent for the week he announced to be £ 10 15 s . 9 d ., including £ 5 from one individual , Alderman M'Loughlin , so that all Ireland produced the
balance . The Dublin Evening Packet states as a positive and settled affair that the Irish Stamp-office is to be forthwith abolished , and all the duties and necessary clerks to be transferred to London ; and that to accomplish this further step of centralization , Mr . Pressly and Mr . Lyne , Commissioners of Inland ltevenuc , are at present in Dublin . The people of Sligo have been amused during the past week by an intended " a / fair of honour" between their representative , Mr . Somerw , and Mr . Verdon , the proprietor of the oldest liberal journal published in that town . The affair has arisen out of bickerings and misunderstandings of an old date , and the meeting of the parties wa& prevented by their arrest in places remotely situated .
About 100 poor boys , averaging nine years of age , were sent from one of the auxiliary union workhouses of the Ennistimon Union , county of Clare , to the parent workhousu for inspection on Monday last , and were marched back the same night , a distance of fifteen miles , without a morsel of food from six in the morning , although the day was very severe and boisterous . The consequence was , that several of the poor children were obliged to lie down on the road , and one of them died , on whose body an inquest has been held , and a verdict of severe and just censure passed upon the guardians .
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This page is accorded to an authentic Exposition of tru Opinions and Acts of the Democracy of Europe : as sucl we do not impose any restraint on the utterance oJ opinion , and . therefore , limit our own responsibility tc the authenticity of the statement .
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Democracy is an indisputable E uropean fact . II generates revolutions ; it chases kings into exile ; ii modifies the relationships between states ; it enters with irresistible influence as an important element in all the political , social , and commercial affairs oi Europe . Its progress may be favourably received , or its tendencies may be feared ; but its development can no longer be neglected . Friends or enemies ought to study it , and to form of it a criterion as exact as possible , under penalty of remaining without the pale of the European movement , and of understanding nothing of the phases through which societies are now passing .
Between the enthusiasm of its partisans and the systematic blame of its adversaries , it appears to us that the best way to understand it , is to study it in itself and in its official manifestations . In order to form a serious judgment of it , it is necessary to follow it , not in the individual aberrations , not in the isolated acts which may occur within its ranks , but in its collective declarations , in its general march , in the expression of its objects , by its chiefs , by those who are devoting themselves to a work of organization destined in all probability to be translated into action . We propose to ourselves this task . In producing
successively the collective acts of every really important fraction of European Democracy , the manifestoes of all European or national associations gifted with a positive vitality , the programmes of the minorities representing in parliamentary assemblies the pure democratic element , we believe that we shall render a service to our country . Our labour will have both a political and an historical value . We shall add nothing to the materials which we furnish for public appreciation but such notes and explanations as may appear necessary for their being understood , and for the correct appreciation of their relative importance .
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The preceding general preliminary remarks , together with the important document , a translation of which we subjoin , fully occupy our first " Weekly Page . " Next week we may probably devote the whole of our space to a further development of the nature of our object , and to some explanatory remarks upon the manifesto of the " Central European Democratic Committee ; " for this document , from its peculiar character and importance , and from the fact of its being the first of the " official acts of European Democracy " which we introduce to our readers , appears to require a somewhat special notice at our hands .
TO THE PEOPLES . ORGANIZATION OF DEMOCRACY . The forces of Democracy are immense . God , his providential law , the aspirations of thinkers , the instincts and the wants of the masses , the crimes and the faults of its adversaries combat for it . At every instant it gains a new hearth ; it rises like the tide . From Paris to Vienna , from Rome to Warsaw , it furrows the European soil ; it directs and binds together the thought of nations . Everything comes to its aid ; the progressive development of intelligence , the intuition of insurrection , battle
or martyrdom . The times are ripe for the practical realization of its principle . That which , sixty years ago , was only the prevision of genius , is to-day a fact—the characteristic , the predominant fact of the epoch . The life of humanity belongs henceforth , whatever may be done to prevent it , to the faith which says , Liberty , Association , Progress for all , through all . The reaction well knows this ; it no longer denies this holy device , but usurps it to betray it ; it no longer tears the flag , but sullies it ; it no longer refutes its apostles , but calumniates them .
What is wanting to Democracy in order to triumph , and , by its accession , to substitute truth for falsehood right for arbitrary power , accord for anarchy , the pacific evolution of the common thought for the sad necessity of violent revolutions ? There is only one thing want ing , but that thing is vital : it is called organization . European Democracy is not constituted . The men o Democracy are everywhere ; the general thought of De mocracy hns nowhere a collective and accepted repre
sentation . Democracy bears the word Association written upon its banner ; and it is not associated . I announces to Europe a new life ; and it has nothinj which regularly and efficaciously incarnates this life it itself . It evangelizes the grand formula—God and IIu manity—and it has no initiative centre whence spring the movement towards this end , where may be recognize * at least the first fruits of that alliance of the peoples with out which humanity is but a name , and which only cai conquer the league of kings .
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AND ITS OFFICIAL ACTS .
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 12, 1850, page 679, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1856/page/7/
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