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members thereof in habits of kindly feeling , active benevolence , and correct thought , and to enable them properly to estimate the physical , moral , and intellectual causes which operate to render society the pandemonium it is , while it is our desire , presumptuous as it may seem , through ita feeble influence to enable its members more faithfully to perform their duties in society as it is , as also to fit them for one of a more righteous and rational character . ' And if nearly two years' experience of the society in its present form , and upwards of ten years' knowledge of the characters and dispositions of its members may enable me to form any estimate of ita probable success , it pre sents a most hopeful aspect , both for its members and also for that sphere of society in which they move . With the best wishes of our association for your own continued health and happiness , and with the most lively remembrance of your kindness towards us , I remain on behalf of the association , Yours , most respectfully , W . M . Nelson .
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LETTERS ON UNITARIANISM . Feb . 11 , 1851 . Sib , —Atticus is very inconsistent in his reclamations against the Unitarians . " They ought to be Propagandists , " he says , and immediately admits that " for a truly noble spiritual teacher there must always be higher things than Propagandist preaching . " He brings repeated charges of spiritual pride against them , and yet denounces them for not being " sectarian , " and "if sectarian , intolerant . " " A sect which admits that other sects may , by possibility , be right , should forthwith pass an act of self-abolition . " If this were the doctrine of the Unitarians , how would Atticus declaim against their unchristian presumption and arrogance — and with justice ? But , if Unitarians have such lukewarm feelings as he maintains they have—if their doctrines are so liberal as to render them liable to the charge of indifference—if they are such parsimonious political economists or such severe moralists as to refuse to buy their converts—if , in short , from the nature of their system they are incapable of making any progress , why does he blame them for not progressing ? Prom his vigorous sketch of their short-comings , I have been looking for the enunciation of a new and more effective system . Let Atticus unfurl the standard of a holier and loftier enthusiasm than the
Unitarians are capable of , and with a prophet's fire compel the nations to march to the renovation of the world . Let him give no reason for ill-natured people to say that he is skilful only in finding fault ; and especially let him give no ground to the said illnatured people for insinuating that he waits for the " shabby guineas" before he takes up the prophet ' s mantle . I am , Sir , yours , A .
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JANE WILBRED'S EDUCATION . 5 , Park-row , Knightsbridge , Feb . 11 , 1851 . Sir , —That our English judges know and justly interpret and administer the law is generally admitted . On two counts in the indictment against George and Theresa Sloane the prisoners were held not to be legally guilty : — " They charged that a girl of tender years , named Jane Wilbred , being in the service of the defendants , that they neglected to perform the duty which devolved upon them , of providing her with proper food and nourishment . Now , it appeared quite clear that this girl was permitted to go out , and that she had plenty of opportunities of making complaints and of obtaining assistance , and it was her dxity to have made such complaint ; and us she had not done so the prisoners could not beheld responsible for that which might have been avoided . " So said Justice Coleridge . Before men talk of the " duty'' of Jane " Wilbred it will not be amiss to inquire what has been the kind of training and instruction she has received at the hands of those who have been entrusted with tho education of her early life . Jane Wilbred ' s was a workhouse education , an education of subjection and obedience . She . like all workhouse children , has been taught to obey , not to complain . She waa sixteen years of age , in the words of Justice Coleridge , " almost a child—an orphan , with no natural protector . " Evidently in intellect and a knowledge of tho world quite a " child . " Jane Wilbred could have no personal interest in being maltreated and starved . Why did she submit to such disgusting and painful treatment ? There is but one answer—she fulfilled
her " duty , " ' truo to the maxima of her monitors , she honoured and obeyed . '' Had the said Jane Wilbred been the daughter of u North American Indian , the child of a despised " Squuw , " before she was sixteen she would have been able to provide for her own wants , to havo cared for « i hut , killed game , and lived on the fruits of the earth ; and what in equally valuable , in a " savage " state she would havo had a right to have roamed at large unrestricted by game laws , police , or workhouse ofliiuids ; she would have known her " duty , " and no inhuman and misguided wretches in tins very reiinement of cruelty , would havo starved her to a skeleton . Ours is an ago of " progross , " " humanity , " and
" enlightenment , in which , we deny to the unfortunate sons and daughters of poverty , any claim to the earth ox its fruits , except such claims as the " law" justifies and " civilization" lenders necessary for the " security" and peace of " well-regulated society !" As a Christian nation we despise the benighted sons and daughters of Israel , and speak of the blindness of the Mosaic law . The Jewish law provided amply for the wants of orphans . I read in the laws of the Hebrews , relating to the poor and the stranger , from the Mishna . Hathora of the rabbi Maimonides , that " a woman is to be fed , and clothed , and brought out of the house of captivity , before a man ; since man is accustomed to wander , but woman is not , and her feeling of modesty is more acute . If an orphan youth and an orphan maid apply to be betrothed , the maiden shall be betrothed before the youth ; since the modesty of women is greater . And to her shall be given not less , in pure silver , than the sum of six denarii and one quarter ; and if anything be in the alms chest for her worthsake shall it be given to her . " Have not pious , Christian , Jew proselytizing Englishmen good reason to thank God that the orphan poor of England are not like the ignorant Hebrews , who knew nothing of modern improvements , and " cheap and easy "
poor-law humanity . George and Theresa Sloane may not have been legally guilty of , the charges set forth in the counts of the indictment , to which Justice Coleridge referred . No doubt , they were legally guiltless ; but was their guilt nowhere ? Yes , my indignant friend , " British Society , " you are morally guilty of all the counts in the indictment . It is you , with your skilly diet and close-fisted ratepaying economy , your parish poverty and centralized commissioner poor laws , that causes such sufferings as those endured by Jane Wilbred : you had better repent and amend , for as you sow , so must you reap . See to it , or when it is " too late , " you may regret your negligence and sins . —I am , dear Sir , Your obedient servant , S . M . Kydd .
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NEWSPAPER TAXES . Feb . 8 , 1851 . A correspondent , who begins his letter with some very flattering encouragement for our exertions in the advocacy of free opinion , touches upon a most vexatious effect of the advertisement duty : — " I cordially agree with your views of the bondage of the press , so ably shown in the article on ' Household Words , ' in the number of the 18 th ultimo . ; but there is one point which , of course , has not passed unobserved ; but it is not brought forward , I think , as it ought to be . I was reading your remarks on CatJwlicity the Religion of Fear ( I had the work ) , and could not help feeling that , if you had been free to have added , price 3 d . ! to your excellent notice , it would have been a pleasing piece of information to many of your readers , and to many unattainable otherwise , and would promote circulation , &c . In this case , your advertisement page supplied the want to all but the casual reader . But in hundreds of cases this is not so ; for instance , after reading your instructive notice of Wilson ' s Catholicity , I looked In vain at the head of the article , and advertisements too , to see if it was within my means of purchase ; and I may ask at twenty orthodox booksellers without learning—they are , perhaps , even ignorant of its existence . Let the advertisement duty be abolished ; let us demand that all useful information be free , looking for the same freedom in this that you have so opportunely and gloriously given to the expression of opinions . —I am , Sir , your humble cooperator , " W . C . "
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Tiik Jews . —In our thoughts of old clothesmen and despised shop-keepers , we are accustomed to forget that the Jews came from the East , and that they still partake in their blood of the vivacity of their Eastern origin . We forget that they have had their poets and philosophers both gay and profound , and that the great Solomon was one of the most beautiful of amatory poets , of wriiern of Epicurean elegance , and the delight of the whole Eastern world , who exalted him into a magician . There are plentiful evidences , indeed , of the vivacity of tho Jewish character in the Bible . They were very liable to very
forocioUB mistakes reupecting their neighbours , but so have other nations been who have piqued themselves on their refinement ; but we are always reading of their feasting , dancing , and singing , and harping and rejoicing . Half of David ' s imagery is made up of allusions to these lively manners of Iuh countrymen . But the Bible has been read to us with such solemn faces , and associated with such false and gloomy ideas , that the JewH of old become ah unpleasant though less undignified a multitude in our imaginations as the modern . We see us little of the real domestic interior of the one an of the
other , even though no people have been more abundantly described to us . The moment we think of them a « people of the Hunt , this impression in changed , mid we do them justice . Moses himself , who , notwithstanding his share of the barbarism above-mentioned , was a genuine philosopher and great man , and is entitled to our eternal gratitude us tho procluimnr of the SuLbath , is rescued from the degrading familiarity into which the word Moses 1 i ; ih been trampled , when we read 'of him in D'Herbelot an Mountm Ben Aniran ; and eveii Solomon becomes another person as the Great Solimun or Soliman Ben l ) aoud , who hud the ring that commanded the genii , and Hat with twelve thousand scuts of gold on each side of him , for hiu sages and great men . —Leigh Hunt ' s Tablc-Tal / c .
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I Feb . 15 , 1851 . ] M ^ t % t&Wtt . 161
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HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Regwtrar-GeneraTs Report . ) A gradual increase in the mortality is represented by the following numbers of deaths returned in the last three weeks F-956 , 1041 , and 1109 . In the ten weeks of 1841-50 , corresponding to that which ended last Saturday , the average number was 1063 , which , if corrected for comparison with the mortality of the present time by assuming the annual increase of population at l . oo per cent ., becomes 1160 . This estimated amount ditters m no very considerable degree from the 1109 o ^ P ^ " gistered last week . The increase , equal to 68 , in the present return over the preceding week ( ending beo . 1 ) arose almost entirely amongst the young , the number ol persons who died above 15 years , having been about 590 , and remaining in both weeks nearly the same . 'It is further to be observed , however , that notwithstanding an excess in the general result , the mortality from epidemics is perceptibly diminished amongst the middleaged and the old , whilst complaints of that class to which the young are subject , if not declining , do not appear to be gaining ground . The excess of last week over the previous one is due , in great part , to the aggravated fatality of pneumonia , and likewise bronchitis , amongst young persons . In the epidemic class , smallpox destroyed twenty children , and five persons about fifteen years ; and in only three of the twenty-five cases there is probable ground for inferring that vaccination had been performed with effect and in sufficient time previous to the eruption of the disease . The births of 848 boys and 756 girls , in all 1604 children , were registered ia the week . The average of six corresponding weeks in 1845-50 , was 1464 . Ten \ Veek 3 Weei . of 1841-50 . of 1851 . Zymotic Diseases 1981 .... 207 Dropsy , Cancer , and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat .. .. .. 5 ? 3 .... 52 Tubercular Diseases .. .. .. .. 1874 .... l ~ . 'i Diseases of the Brain , Spinal Marrow , Nerves , and Senses .. . .. ?• 1287 .... 117 Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels .. 309 .... 30 Diseases of the Lungs and of the other Organs of Hespiration .. ... .. 2131 .... 253 Diseases of the Stomach , Liver , and other Organs of Digestion .. .. .. C 34 .... 62 Diseases of the Kidneys , &c ... .. « . 82 .... 7 Childbirth , diseases of the Uterus , &c . .. 105 .... " , 8 Rheumatism , diseases of the Bones , Joints , &c 68 11 Diseases of the Skin , Cellular Tissue , &c . .. 12 .... 1 Malformations .. .. .. .. .. 34 .... £ » Premature Birth and Debility .. .. 201 .... 30 Atrophy .. .. .. .. .. .. 165 .... 525 Age .. T 25 .... 56 Sudden 130 5 Violence , 1 ' rivation , Cold , and Intemperance 263 .... 42 Total ( including unspecified causes ) .. 10631 110 &
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MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE . Saturday . The English Stock Market has not been any better this week than last . On Monday , Consols opened at 9 (>{ to 963 , find , after several slight variations during the last few days , they closed yesterday at o . ( jj to 96 * . The fluctuations in the English Stock Market during the week have been : —Consols , 9 GJ to 96 g ; Bank Stock , 214 . J to 215 J ; Three and-a-Qus » rter per Cents ., 98 jj to 98 J ; Exchequer Bills , 54 s . to 57 s . premium . In the Foreign Stock Market a good deal of business has been done in Spanish , in which an advance of price took place in the beginning of the week , succeeded , however , by a reaction . The bargains in the oflicial list , yesterday , comprised : —Buenos Ayrea , for money , f ) 2 , for the account , 52 $ ; Chilian Three per Cent « ., 65 ; Mexican , for money , 338 and J ; Peruvian , 80 £ ; the Deferred , 36 ; l ' o tuguese Five per Cents ., 34 . J exdiv . ; the Four per Cents ., 33 ] and i ; Russian Five per Cents ., 114 ; the Four-and-a-IIalf per CentH ., 97 S au ( l I ; Spanish Five per Cents ., for money , 10 J , ' 20 , 19 g , nnd 20 ; for the uccount , 2 () £ ; Passive , 4 £ , 5 , and 4 J ; Spanish Three per Cents ., 38 j ; Dutch Two-and-aflalf per Cfnts ., 58 . J and £ ; and the Four per Cent . Certificates , 91 . } and $ . Mahk-lank , Friday , Feb . 11 . We are liberally supplied with all grain this week both Foreign and English . Wheat on the spot sells only in retail at about former rates . Some low sales of floating cargoes of Polish Odessa have been made ; in one or two instances 32 s . was accepted . Danish Barley wan pressed for Hale at low rates in the early part of the week . Thin , however , attracted the attention of b . iyern , and it has not receded In value since Monday . O . its meet n slow sale at (> d . below Monday'h rates . Arrivals from Feb . 10 to M : — Engliwh . Irish . Foreign . Flour . Wheat .. .. 31 f > 0 11 , 870 1930 Hurley .. .. 3140 8 , 730 <> atn 4 . > 7 <) 13 , 820 10 /) 10 AVKIt / VOK F'RIOK ()!¦ ' HlUiAK . The averngi ; print of Drown or Mun < -ovndo Kuifar , compute ! from tin ; iclunin Hindi' in tin ? wtiok ondiiifj- tint 11 Hi dny of I'Vlnuary , IHM , is ^' . 1 * . J « l . p « i- i-. wt . f'liOVJsroJVH . lluttor KchI . I ' icmIi , KIm . Hd . to Mh . pi t < 1 oz . tiarliMV , X'l ti : i . to A" 4 I On . per cwt . it aeon , IiihIi pur c . \ vt . 'Ha . to 4 ( m . CIick : h , (;) u ; nhiro -I'J ¦ — ( il ) l )« rhy , 1 'lnin 41 — f > 1 Hams , York bti — < if > Kgga , I ' rtincli , |»« ir li- 'O , la . ! M . to 5 < s . 6 "d .
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 15, 1851, page 161, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1870/page/21/
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