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The great division on Lord John Russel ' s Anti-Papal Bill has superseded the interest in the fagend of the debate . Lord Arundel and Surrey ' s amendment against the second reading was negatived by 438 to 95 . But , asks everybody , what does this majority mean ? For it is at once put out of the question that the majority was one for Ministers . Probably it is not a majority for the bill j possibly not even for the . principle ; but simply a majority for the second reading—for going on one stasre more . The minority consisted
mainly of Irish Members , English Roman Catholics , Young Englanders , and the stanchest supporters of religious liberty . With the supporters of the Ministry the majority confounded many who acted in mere dislike of the Pope , many in deference to that dislike among the public ; others in a special fear of their own constituents ,. and some sent the bill forward with the expectation of seeing it mauled in committtee . The majority , therefore , means nothing very definite ; certainly not a vote of confidence in Ministers .
The closing nights brought forward speeches that ought not to be forgotten , especially those of Mr . George Smythe and Mr . Gladstone . Mr . Smythe lent the currency of his eloquence to a startling truth , which falls in well with the opinion of the New Reformationists in Italty . " Rome , " he said , "has gone beyond the Government of Kngland in the spirit of the principle which decrees that none shall pay for a faith other than
his own : " " she has read in England the first bans of those free nuptials between Liberty and Faith—between Modern Liberty and Ancient Faith , which , in hig conscience , he believed in no remote age would yet regenerate mankind . " Mr . Gladstone ' s speech was an argumentative exposition of the facts that the bill is needlese , impotent , and impolitic . It is remarkable for containing the bitterest , though quietest , remark in the debate : —
"Ihe noble Lord distinctly stated , unless I am mistaken , that the appointment of bishops was not a spiritual but a temporal act . " Lord John ltus 8 Bi , L . —•• ' I referred to the opinion of Dr . Twifis . " Mr . Gladstone . *— " I should bo glad to know what opinion the noble Lord has . That , however , I am not hkely to get .
Miss Talbot ' s case has grown from a mere episode in the debate to a substantive topic of general discussion in Parliament ami Law Court , newspaper and drawing-room . The whole case lies in a nutshell . Miss Talbot is an heiress under age , protected by her half uncle , the Earl of Shrewsbury , her teatiunentary guardian Dr . Doyle , and the Lord Chanoellor . Her stepfather , Mr . Craven Berkeley , suddenly conceives an unxiety lest the fortune of £ 80 , 000 should be brought up upon Catholic principle as well us the young lady that I / 1 ' own Edition , ]
belongs to it ; and incontinently he raises a pother which deranges all the young lady ' s plans and exhibits the Berkeley zeal . The true checks against any danger of conventual oppression lie in the direction of the bill initiated by Mr . Lacy and Mr . Spooner for the registration and visitation of convents ; but of course that measure will not be passed with any enactments bo ferocious as that which makes assault in a religious house felony !
Meanwhile , scandal and prejudice do not check the transitions to Rome , still less the tendency . Mr . Bennett may be driven out of the Church , and his ornate chancel may be despoiled j the statistics of the Church and State Gazette , —which reports a hundred Oxford fellows , professors , and graduates to have gone over to Rome , and seventeen hundred clergymen to have denied the supremacy of the Crown , —may be exaggerated ; but the fact remains , that clergymen , laymen , and even families , continue to make the transit j and we believe that the process is stimulated by the outburst of persecuting spirit .
Among the Ministerial measures promised was Chancery Reform , which Lord John promulgated on Thursday . The new " Reform" seems to be a mere tinkering , shifting , botching attempt to evade a real measure , such as the public expected . Out of doors the principal movement just now takes the shape of labouring or agricultural discontent . The Irish Tenant League has been
defeated at Dungarvan , but defeat has only added to the rankling , which shows itself in " exclusive dealing "; and , although it has failed at an election , the Tenant League spirit has given a new impulse to resistance of rent-paying even in the discreet North . In England , we have the Essex farmers proclaiming low wages as the correlatives of freetrade prices—and high rents ; while the Suffolk labourers are to be tried for the riot in Barham
Workhouse . It is not surprising that the accompaniment of this feeling should he a great increase of crime . The fact is remarked by Mr . Justice Creuswell at Liverpool Ausizes , as rendered the more extraordinary by the " prosperity" which gives employment to the workingclusses ; but , if Mr . Justice Cresswell were better acquainted with the actual state of the working classes , he would know that the employment is singularly partial and capricious . For example , close observers note a marked decline
in the state of Leeds , while Bradford could recently boast a " roaring" trade of nearly three years ' duration ; and we saw not long since a curious sign of prosperity among the weavers of Carlisle . In Glasgow they are building a new prison to provide for the increase of crime . The fact is , that much of our " prosperity" is that of traders and manufacturers , whose " employment" is given in great part to machinery , and not to living human hands ; although employment is the condition of existence . That is one sweeping reason why the ' * prosperity" in in vain for the poor , and why crime incrcuaes among them . A
London magistrate is much scandalized at a combination among the coopers to prevent their fellows from accepting employment where machinery is used ; they have carried their organization so far that they can now do without its ostensible use , acting singly , but not the less surely ; and coercing masters by refusing to work with men who break their rules . It is of little use to say that in the long run the men are generally conquered : the combination at least defers their day of defeat , and does remind the employing and legislating classes that there are human beings to be considered . But the men are wrong to seek their safety in combinations which the
past show to be untenable , and only of temporary use ; the real source of their calamity lies in the system of competition ; that system is no longer upheld with the blind reliance of twenty years ago ; on the contrary , opinions in favour of concert are now tolerated , nay discussed , even in our great Quarterlies ; and daily have we signs that they are making their way in every class of society and in every part of the country—from the Chartist Association , whose Convention assembles next week , to the "highest " orders , from manufacturing Manchester to rustic Weston-super-Mare . The Continental news of this week may be looked upon as a mere repetition of the news of last week . Austria and Prussia are said to have come at last to
a delinitive settlement of their business . Austria will have the Presidency of the Diet , and will share with the rival power the Presidency of the Executive Committee . Although the report is given by official papers in Berlin , the news is too good for Prussia to be true . In France , the impossibility of revising the Constitution before May , 1852 , begins to appear obvious to all interested parties . There is , therefore , some probability that a scheme set on foot by the Club of the Rue des Pyramids , for putting off the Presidential election till 1854 , will meet with a favourable reception . The law of the 31 st of May will , probably , be applied to all electoral purpoaeH .
Austria is binding Italy with a net of her own railways . A line is to run from Venice to Leghorn , crossing Lombardy , the Duchies of Parma and Modena , the Legations and Tuscany . All the commercial interests of those countries will be sacrificed to the military exigencies of the ruling power . Woe to the conquered I In London has just happened an event both of
foreign and domestic importance—Lord LyndhurHt ' n call upon Ministers to renew the Alien Act , in order to expel the representatives of foreign patriots now amongst us . Lord Grey ' s answer may be interpreted as a refusal to interfere , and a hinted request to the refugee patriots that they bo discreet . We are glad to see that a Grey declines to act m an agent of Austrianiflin ; scarcely leas glad that Lvndhurat , unenrrvated by n ^ e , has brought the Whig Mirmters to the test . England , will not be mado the tool of Austria .
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" The one Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Relispion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—Humboldt ' s Cosmos .
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Nbws of , THIS Whbk— PaBe The Polish and Hungarian Befugeei A Country-without a Bishop 297 The Abts—Parliament of the Week 286 in Liverpool 291 Religious Liberty sometimes Per- Onpnimr of Hip Oner * 201 The Main European Question . 287 The Essex Murderers 892 sonal Restraint 297 mw xfinblrt ^ knem Readinn 301 Protestantism and Popery 288 Miscellaneous 292 Taxes on Knowledge 297 rwatTcucumber 30 L Miss Talbot—Convent Discipline .. 289 »„ ,,., „»„ ..-- Sham Groceries .. ! . 297 T ^ tufe 30 L Landlords , Labourer * , and Poor ^ UBLIC AIFAIRS— Petition Signatures 297 m r j V" W » ll ' 7 k 301 Kate * : 290 Easter Eecess—The Dissolution .... 295 Opinion at Westou 297 Mr . j . w . waiiac * . «" The Association for Promoting the Alas , Poor Italy ! ..... Literaturb— Progress of the People—Repfal of the Taxes on Know- Wholesale Aggression on the Right Mariotti ' s Italy in 1848 298 i . ttoM » nrh « ti ( . t « 301 ledge 290 of Way at Hornsey ... 296 The Siege of Damascus 299 Letters to Chartists JUl Life Assurance 291 Essex Anarchy and Yorkshire Or- C . Knight ' s National Shakspere .... 030 Commeucial Affairs—Omnibus Improvements 291 ganization ,. 296 Books on our Table 300 Markets , Gazettes , &c 302-3
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VOL . II . —No . 53 . SATURDAY , MARCH 29 , 1851 . Price 6 d .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 29, 1851, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1876/page/1/
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