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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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those countries , in fact , however rancorously it may be denied in words . It is possible that Austria may have yet some scores to settle with her Russian auxiliary : her towering ambition may come to a collision with another no less grasping , no less inflexible will . But is Europe to look for her deliverance to Nicholas of Russia ? and are we quite sure that the two huge " enemies of mankind will fall off now the prey is safely laid before them , now their interest so strongly urges them peaceably to divide it between them ?
For the hundredth time we repeat it : the revolution of 1848 was an European necessity . Its aim was to set up national against bureaucratic claims : to give life to Germany , Hungary , Italy , and Poland at the expense of Austria and Russia . It was the sacred duty of ^ France and England to avow and to favour that revolution to the best of their abilities : to take up the question of nationality as vital to themselves . Their hesitation , their half interference , their cowardly connivance , decided the fortune of the day in favour of the great slayers of nations—of the great foes of humanity . All must be lost now , or we must begin afresh : revolution must needs be more than ever the order
of the day throughout Europe . God speed Mazzini and Klapka : all the sleepless agitators , all the generous , uncompromising adversaries of Russia and Austria ! Such must be the war cry , not merely in Italy or Germany , but in France and England too—so long , at least , as France and England consider their own interests as bound up with those of human progress and well-being . We have too long played traitors to our own cause : too long have stood by and seen the slaughter of our brethren . Ma * y God forgive us and give us strength to make amends !
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SIR CHARLES WOOD'S CONFESSION . No man can be taxed save with his own consent by his representative in Parliament—such is the constitutional dictum : in the following passage from Sir Charles Wood ' s Budget speech , on Friday , however , the Chancellor of the Exchequer acknowledges , not only that the great mass of the People , which bears the mass of the taxes , is unrepresented , but that it is not even virtually represented , and cannot exert " a pressure " : —
" I never turned to the right or to the left to consider what would be a benefit to one class or another ; but I have looked to that which , in my opinion , would be most beneficial to the great body of our labouring and working population . They , to a great extent , are not represented in this House ; they cannot put pressure upon those who sit here , which will induce them to advocate their peculiar interests ; and they are , therefore , in my opinion , the special objects of the care and solicitude of the Government ; government being instituted for the benefit of the many , and not of the few . " Ministers , therefore , are the Members for the p eOple _ Member 8 by Universal Suffrage ! Only they are self-appointed .
Sir Charles ' s confession is ominous for his party . In 1841 , Lord John Russell stood up manfully for the " unrepresented millions , " whom he remembered in his taxation schemes—just as he was going out of office . Sir Charles Wood ' s perceptions are becoming clearer , his voice stronger , as he begins to snuff the wholesome air of Opposition .
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UNDKK-rAID HI 8 II Or 8 . The Reverend Alexander Maclennan , a clergyman belonging to the poor and persecuted Episcopalian Church in Scotland , has addressed a letter to Sir George Grey , suggesting a very different line of policy from that which iprd John Russell proposeB in his Papal Aggression Mil . Instead of denuding the Scottinh Episcopate of " its inoffensive and prescriptive or distinctive boundaries of jurisdiction , " he has the hardihood to ask Ministers " to restore to tho Scottish Episcopal Church at least a portion of ( what was formerly its own ) the bishops ' Kilts in Scotland-say £ 200 a year to each bishop , and
£ 100 a-yrar to each clergyman . " What a primitive idea " Two hundred a-year to a bishop ! " The Bishop of London ' s butler would turn up his nose at such u paltry nalary , And yet Mr . Maclonnan has the auBtiranco to promise that with that miserable endowment they would noon " bring hack the unthinking muL titudcB , and make them like her own Hons . " What a monstrous libel this involves upon tho IJishop of London , who has £ 20 , 000 a-year , and is utterly unable to prevent his clergymen from going over in shoals to tho Church of Rome ; and solely , wo believe , for want of a policy in the Church of England that should be at once liberal and
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positive . MH . OAL . OUA 1 T AT UOMK . Among the trades which have been prosperous this year is that of tho Ilunginun . llu huu been busy , is so , is to be ho uguin .
Even so soon after Sarah Chesham and Drory have been the materials for one of Mr . Calcraft ' s entertainments at Chelmsford , two of the Frimley murderers have been sentenced to death on the evidence of the third , perhaps the most guilty ; and Patrick Lyons lies under sentence of death , without hope of commutation , for the murder of Margaret Fahey , at Warrington . In both those cases , Mr . Calcraft will have an opportunity of displaying his skill to large crowds , collected to gaze upon the death struggle of the murderers . But even when that is done , there is every prospect that more employment will be found for the public functionary in Gloucestershire .
The fact is that his employment is reproductive : if murders occasion executions , executions suggest murders . The poverty , the ignorance , and the disorganized state of labour in all parts of the country , but particularly in certain agricultural districts , materially aid the effect of Mr . Calcraft ' s exhibitions . In spite of Maconochie ' s revolutionary ideas , the gallows-tree is an institution which seems to have a better chance of standing than some others .
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THE FBANKLIN SEARCH . "We heartily concur with the regret expressed by the Morning Chronicle , that the Admiralty has resolved not to send a screw-steamer to Melville Island for the purpose of communicating with Captain Austin . In the expeditions to the Arctic regions there are three objects to be served—the conveyance of support , moral as well as material , to those already engaged in the search ; the rescue of Franklin and his party , if they are still alive ; and the discovery of their remains if they have perished , so that their fate may be satisfactorily known .
The last objectis scarcely less important than the other two . It cannot be impossible to find the relics of such an expedition , whatever may have become of it ; and it will not only inflict the greatest pain upon all Franklin ' s countrymen , if the search be abandoned prematurely , but it will cast an indelible stain upon the history of the nation . The plea of the officials is expense , " useless expense . " It is not useless , if it satisfies the just anxiety of the public ; and as to its amount , the very beggar in the streets would not grudge the penny that may be exacted from him for the purpose . Lady Franklin's unceasing sacrifices ought not only to be shared , but entirely superseded , by the national efforts . It will be a sacrilege to spare any cost or any exertion until we have brought back Franklin and his companions , dead or alive .
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1 OHD STANLEY AND THE CHURCHMEN . The Protectionist Premier-expectant does not seem to be much higher in favour with the Puseyites than Lord John Russell has lately been . The English Churchman , the organ of that party , in speaking of the steps taking by the country party to thrust Lord Stanley into Downingstreet , warns its friends to take care what they are doing : " Before Churchmen assist him , it would be well for them to remember that Lord Stanley destroyed ten Irish bishoprics , established tho national 8 > stetn of education in Ireland : robbed the Irish Church of twenty-five per cent , of her tithes ; and declared , at the foundation of the Liverpool Collegiate Institution , that it might be the duty of the Government lo support a false religion . So far a » we know , he has never expressed the Bli p ht-« st regret for these thing's , nor has he distinctly said thatheis in favour of the restoration of Convocation . Churchmen had better wait at present , and not take any steps which they might afterwards regret . "
Looking at these antecedents of Lord Stanley , the Dissenters might reasonably conclude that he would do more for them than Lord John is ever likely to do .
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THH LOUD S ANOINTED . One of the happy subjects of his Neapolitan Majesty was playing dearie in a cafe" at Caltanisetta , in Sicily . The " King" had already turned tip against him twice and thrice : it came out again , once more than the good Sicilian ' s patience could well put up with . The poor player snatched it from the table , crumpled it up in his rage , threw it on the ground , trampled upon it , not improbably with an oath or two against his implacable bad luck . Believe it who can ! but we have it . from tho authority of honest private letters—the man wan arrested as he is-Hiied from the cafe mid brought before the magistrate to answer for his diHrespectful treatment of a " crowned head" ! Oh Gemini ! High treason against the King of Spades ! Faith v . Ahhhnt . —The highest truth , if professed by one who Ih-U . 'vch it not in his heart , ia to him a Ho , and he sins greatly by professing it . Let uh try ns much as we will to convince our neighbours ; but let us beware of influencing their conduct when we fail in influencing their convictions . He who bribes or frightens \\ in neighbours into doing an act which no good man would do for reward , or from fenr , is tempting his neighbour to sin ; he is assisting to lower and to harden his conscience ; to make him act fur the favour or from the fear of man , iiiHtcad of for tho favour and from tho fear of God ; and , if thin 1 ) 0 a Hin in him , it . is a double sin in us to tempt him to it . —Arnold ' s Christian Li fa .
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Magna est Veritas : great is Democracy , and it will prevail ! Paternal Governments seen from afar present a most engaging aspect" 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view . " « But on a nearer inspection they exhibit less of paternal tenderness and solicitude than of the irritable father ' s wilfulness and selfishness . . ( " Don't make that noise , sir , or I'll turn you out of the room : how
do you think I can sing while you are kicking up that row ! " ) Austria has lost a friend in Mr . Gladstone , who recently , in Italy , attended several of the political trials , and examined the working of the paternal Governments , Naples and Austria , the result of which has been to make him side with the Italians against Austria ; and he is now said to he writing a book on the subject . What will the Friends of Order say ?
Apropos of Order—that shibboleth of foolish minds —( as if any society could exist without Order ! as if the abstract perfection of Stability and Security were identified' with the disorderly Order these men wish to maintain !) there is a capital witticism flying about Germany , imported from the Possen spiele at Vienna . A timid Austrian returns to his native Vienna , and addresses to the first man he meets this question , " sag' sie ' maI : ist ' s Ordnung Mer—oder nock Freiheit ? Tell me : does Order reign now—or has Freedom still the upperhand ?
So differently do serious thinkers regard this " question of Order , " that the most destructive philosopher of the present day , the one who would effect the most sweeping change in the present order of society—who would introduce a new order growing up from a new root ( Auguste Comte ) has taken for his motto these grand but simple words : — "Order and Progress , "
intimating that in lieu of a Party of Order and a Party of Progress—a Conservative and Radical philosophy—there must be a Party uniting the two—not as the Whigs profess to do it , by jilting both , but as the Static and Dynamic Laws of social life prescribe . We see in the French papers the announcement of Comte ' s public lectures on the History of Humanity , and the announcement is headed Ordre
et Progres . It may interest some of our readers to know that this great thinker , who accepts with profound seriousness his mission as a philosopher , has for many years given gratuitous public lectures every Sunday during six months of the year , wherein he has popularized the general truths of science , and impressed upon the people his leading ideas on social and historical questions . The course now announced is destined to demonstrate tho intimate connection of the Present with the whole Past , in order to lead up to the conception of a social Future , and to assist the transition by the aid of that philosophy of history which characterizes Positivism . Can none of our English Teachers imitate so line an example ?
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The Republic , Social and Democratic , is to have a new organ in the London press—the Friend of the People , edited by Juki an IIaunkyuihI Kiinkst Jonks . Its leading characteriHlic will he the union of Chartist and Associative principles ; but it promises to bo a complete exemplar of 'the weekly newspaper . Kknkht Jon ich is u practised and adroit leader of tho English Democratic party ; Jiiman Harnky possesses the influence due to a coiripre
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Aphil 12 , 1851 J & \) t UtahtX . 345
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In the Quarterly Review just out there is a paper on Centralization which we commend to the attention of our philosophic readers , a . s uniting in a very uniiHiial degree largeness of conception with prodigality of detail , theoretic power with great felicity of style , The opinions therein maintained are ho important that we shall next week consider them in a separate article .
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Critics are not the legislators , but the judges and police of literature . They do not make laws—they interpret and try to enforce them . —Edinburgh Review .
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Leader (1850-1860), April 12, 1851, page 345, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1878/page/13/
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