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Redemption Society . —It is in contemplation to hold a congress in Leeds in a short time , at which most important plans of propagandism will be laid before that body . All the branches must hold themselves in readiness to give publicity to this intimation . We shall go into more particulars next week . Moneys received for the weekending April U : —Leeds , £ 5 . 13 s . 8-id . ; Newcastle , Is . Cooperation .- —Extract of a letter from Galashiels , Selkirkshire : — "Although trade is tolerably good here at present , the manufacturers being all working to order ,
and not on speculation , the shopkeepers are complaining sadly that prices are ruinously low . The cause of this is the success of the Cooperative Store Company , which has now three grocery and provision 6 hops in the town , besides a bakery and a butcher-meat establishment , or flesh stall . The price of the fine 41 b . loaf , which I see is from 6 £ d . to 7 d . in the metropolis , is here only 44 d ., although no wheat to speak of is grown in this neighbourhood . In Melrose , only four miles off , but where there is no cooperative store , and competition has it all its own way , the loaf is from a penny to three halfpence dearer . "
Icaria . —The Icarian communists settled at Nauvoo , Illinois , have made some progress . They have a regular conslitution , adopted in January , 1850 . They have applied to the State Legislature for a charter of incorporation , which is in a state of forwardness . They have a weekly journal , printed in English , edited and chiefly written by M . Cabet himself . But there is a cloudy side to the picture . They are persecuted to a great extent by , it is alleged , the Jesuits of Nauvoo . Several Icarians having deserted , for causes not specified by M . Cabet , and having publicly joined those most opposed to the community , their sheep are hunted and destroyed by dogs , and all kinds of calumnies are said to be disseminated by the secessionists . The Popular Tribune has been put forth as the recognized exponent of the Icarian community , and in its columns an appeal to public opinion has been made .
The Omnibus Servants' App eal . —About 11 , 000 individuals of this class are serving the public generally at almost all hours . Society , it is submitted , is indebted to them—it treats them not as it deals with the bulk of . labouring classes—to them it gives no Sabbath , no evenings for intellectual cultivation or home engagements ; it demands attention while human eyes can remain unclosed , and presents not an adequate remuneration . Eleven thousand individuals are connected with the omnibus labour of the metropolis . Of these , 6000 are drivers and conductors , who work , on an average , rather more than sixteen hours a day—the labour connected with railway omnibuses being more severe . Nor does the seventh day bring rest : work goes on in precisely the ame manner , or increases . During the hours the men are employed they have no rest . The driver never leaves his box , except during a few occasional minutes whilst
his horses are changed ; and he has , therefore , to take his meals during these periods , and usually upon the coach-box . As the married portion of these men universally say , they " never 6 ee their children , except as they may look at them in bed ; " and as for home , in its commonly received sense , or any of the moral duties connected with it , the one is unknown , the other impossible . The case of the conductors is precisely the same—ne . ther having a day ' s rest for months together , for , if they take one , they have to pay a substitute . For this amount of labour and privation the remuneration is small and the dangers great . What constitution can stand long against such incessant exposure to all weathers ? and who should wonder if men in such circumstances are often found , by the use of stimulating drinks , to add fuel to the fire already consuming them ? Means are solicit ! -d to build and sustain a school to be called " The Omnibus Servants '
Orphan School , and al&o to erect dwellings for the reception of omnibus servants , who , from age , accident , or infirmities , are unable to obtain a living . The Metropolitan Omnibus Servants' Provident Society , having for its object the realization of the above dcsicieiati , as well as the affording of passing relief to its members , now exists , and has collected , nearly entirely from the omnibus servants themselves , about jEIOOO , thus showing that the men for whom application for assistance is mude are desirous to do for themselves to the utmost , and only willing to appeal to others for that which their peculiar circumstances render it requisite they should have done for them . Subscriptions and donations received at the Union Bank , Argyle-street , lie ^ ent-street ; S . Pierce , Esq ., Warwick-road , Mai da hill ; Mr . 1 «\ Proctor , (> , Lion-terrace , Maidu-hill ; and Mr . Scully , 2 , Unionterrace . Camden-town .
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LiTTKltATKUKH and Fnoi . isTA IUKH . —Though hitherto , by the very m-cessiticn of their position , literary men have been in more intimate relations with the moneyed class than the prolt'taires , though in certain ages they have been in fact the clients of the moneyed class , yet it is evident that there are points of resemblance which might be the ground of establishing a close connection between literary men and the mass of the Kpoplo . Both clasHes have one common characteristic—Unit of pecuniary insouciance . Both classes , again , have a natural preference for the general over the speciul point of view . A literary man und a working mun both attack a quesdesires nnd
tion broadside , by the force of general hunmii instincts ; whereas a moneyed or mercantile- man , who has " aHtako in the country , " is , for the most part , determined in hit * judgments by those established facts of society , and those rules of conventional routine which ErcHt ribe tiie limits of the practicable . Hence , it . may e affirmed , there aro a greater number of solutions of ininortantquestions , and a greater nuinbep of admitted maxiniH und principles , common to literary nun und the working clusacH , than there are common either , on the « . m ; hiind , to literary men and men of property , or , on the other , to men of property und the people at large . — North British liovicw , Ho . 27 .
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MOUSTACHES AND BEARDS PREJUDICIAL TO THEIR WEARERS . April 8 , 1851 . Sir , —Although the beard betokens virility in the man , and evinces more or less energy and courage in him in proportion , to its thickness ; although , from the remotest ages the beard was always considered as a distinctive mark of the sages , philosophers , and divines , so that the ancient Germans regarded the loss of the beard as the greatest disgrace , and the Indians as a severe punishment ; although even now among some nations shaving their beards , the wearing of them is a mark of special dignity and exaltedness ;
although the general use of therazor dates from a period of a shocking court-aping , viz ., from the reigns of Louis XIII . and XIV . of France , who both ascended the throne as unfledged youngsters , when courtiers and stupid citizens sheared their beards to better resemble their boy-Kings ; although it cannot be denied that by the daily shaving of the beard its accelerated growth must necessarily rob the organism of the body of the requisite lymph for its development and maintenance , and , therefore , be one of the causes of the present effeminacy of the male sex ; although all these reasons should be powerful enough to arrest the guilty hand from destroying that distinctive ornament bestowed by the Creator upon the manly race , still that Parisian fashion , of absurd origin , of the seventeenth century , has been universally adopted , so that in England , especially , it became rot only a fashion , but a prejudice ; and , in truth , a very blameable one , for the English people in general hate all bearded foreigners , calling them " French dogs , " entirely forgetting that it was precisely the Frenchman who introduced the antinaturul fashion of
shaving . I , who write these lines , have been n victim of this national prejudice based on French absurdity , and that is why I have headed my letter " Moustaches and Beards Prejudicial to their Wearers . " I am not , as you well know , a Frenchman , but having been since 1810 in the military service of my country , I continued to wear moustaches even here in London as a part and panel of my former uniform . How prejudicial my so doing was to me , I will tell you if you will allow me . hed at
When walking in the streets I was laug , liissed , called < l French dog , " not only by what is called the common people , and by boys , but also by well-dressed and grown-up people , especially by ladies , but mostly so by shopkeepers clerks . When I entered a shop to buy anything , I was not only obliged to pay dear , but was mocked nnd laughed at in the bargain . At last , after insult upon insult bud been added , when atones had been thrown at me by an invisible hand from behind , and gravel thrown in my luce , when ladies stopped before me nnd said to each other , " look at that beast ! " When from a balcony , on which wore several gentlemanly-looking men , 1 was addressed by "I say ! " and then a penny thrown to me as to a beggar , an insult to which 1 responded by throwing them a shilling ; endurance
could no longer endure , 1 resolved to shave oil my moustaches . And it was only after having done so that the inhabitants of London ( -eased their insults ; but , moreover , I hue I theopportunity of convincing myself how dearly my moustaches had made me pay for every thing , and to what a degree 1 hud been cheated by the London Khopkeeper . Thus shaven and disguised , like one of the Pope's or the King of Saxony ' s chorus chanters , I entered the very same whops where , us a moustached bachelor , I used to buy my necessary articles , and , not being recognised , I bought , to my utter amazement , rvei ' y thing 100 per cent , cheaper than heretofore . To quote only one instance ; in a respectable house , where I always bought my blacking , it sixpenny tin box was Hold to mis for sixpence , whilst before 1 had always paid the hiiiiii : money for u threepenny box . ; and ho it wua with any other
article , if an English 6 t any other non-moustached friend was not kind enough to buy it for me . All what I have stated is as true as the gospel ; and the late resolve of the " Leicester Soup Society refusing to grant relief to those who wear moustaches or beards , " mentioned in your number 54 of last week , is corroborative of the existing prejudice . Now , sir , is such conduct worthy of a civilized nation ? Is it meet upon the eve of the World ' s Exhibition ? Ought not the English press , for the sake of the national character and honour , to condemn such a display of bad taste , instead of lavishing , as does one of your contemporaries , its artistical and caricatural wit upon foreigners wearing moustaches or beards . I am , Sir , your most obedient servant , C . S .
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THE BISHOPS' ADDRESS TO THE CLERGY . April 17 , 1851 . Sir , —The bishops , twenty-four I believe in number , have issued their address to the clergy who have expressed their desire for peace in the church . No doubt they still see " the church in danger , " and they , therefore , expect the clergy , if possible , to please their respective congregations by a withdrawal of some of the most objectionable forms and ceremonies which have proved such a source of displeasure to the people , but a passage of the most extraordinary character and description forms a part of this address . No wonder that it does not bear the Bishop of Exeter ' s signature ; he is too keen a man to have signed such a document . The passage I allude to is as follows : — " Such harmony of action we are persuaded , under God's blessing , will go far towards restoring the peace of the church . This happy result would more clearly exhibit her spiritual character . The mutual relation of her various members would be more distinctly perceived ; and our lay brethren would more readily acknowledge the especial trust committed to us as stewards of the mysteries of God . " The simple meaning of the bishop 3 seems to be as follows : —You know , reverend brethren , that if those quarrels and diversities of opinion go on between ourselves , the people will naturally conclude that we have , no authority for our pretensions and offices .
Don't you see how necessary it is that we should be unanimous in our views , for it' this he not so the laity will question our authority ; but , on the contrary , if we proceed and go on in harmony , then our lay brethren will more readily acknowledge ; what ! Hearken ye of the laity ! Read , mark , learn , and inwardly digest the following sentence—" Our lay brethren will more readily acknowledge the especial trust committed to us as stewards of the mysteries of God . " What is the meaning of this ? Why , Popery refined a little . What especial trust from God is committed to the bishops which is not committed to any other man ? And what possible evidence can they show that they are stewards of the mysteries of God ?
The Apostles of Christ could clearly prove by their divine credentials that they were the stewards of the Divine mysteries , and , instead of seeking to please men , Paul said , "If I yet pleased men , I should not he the servant of Christ . " It was the province of the Prophets and Apostles to declare God ' s truth , whether men would hear or whether they would forbear . And if the bishops would study God ' s word and bring it before the people , instead of empty forms and useless ceremonies , they would stand in a much higher estimation with the laity than they do at preaent . They are , generally speaking , more like " clouds without water , " than they are like the Apoatles of Christ . Auuiia .
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THE RELIGION OF THE WORKING CLASS . London , March ~ 5 , lti ' il , Silt , —Much credit is due to the Leader for the fair and candid manner in which it deals with all subjects ; and its general religious views ( though differing from my own ) are entitled to respect . My hrief observations on Miss Murtincuu ' opinions and the right of conscience have stirred up much angry feeling and misunderstanding among your numerous correspondents .
The defence of your religious views set up by Mr . Ilolyoake is entirely superfluous . The right of your religious opinions had neither been denied nor questioned . Mr . Ilolyoake commences by saying , " Your correspondent II . H . has written to you upon the Hpreiulof Athe ' sm , " which is not true . My observations were simply to thib effect , that there arc thouhiiikIm like myself who , after due deliberation , could come to no oilier conclusion than those of Mish Murtlneau ; as - free-thinkers , maintaining the right of free thought . My ideas were , that Minn Murtineau was not what in termed an Atheist , therefore I could not write in reference to her views upon the spread of Atheism . Mr . Ilolyoake ' s own vieww confute thern - Hclve . s , uh he states that reconsideration will show that Minn Martineau is not nn Atheist .
He then proceeded to state that II . H . will 1 ) o regarded as an Atheist , although he writes in his hccoikI letter us a theoretical Pantheist ; this inference in a natural concomitant , tliut those wIioho opinions differ from the different idols worshipped af , the present day will he regarded uh Atheists ; but this doeH not preclude tho right of unking thouo who
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[ In this department , as all opinions , however extreme , ' are allowed an expression , the editor necessarily holds himself responsible for none . ]
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There is no learned man but will confess he hath much profited by reading controversies , his senses awakened , and his judgment sharpened . If , then , it be profitable for him to read , why should , it not , at least , be tolerable for his advers ary t o write . —M i lt o n .
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April 19 , 1851 . ] © f ) $ QLeahtv . 375
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Leader (1850-1860), April 19, 1851, page 375, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1879/page/21/
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