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Cmimwrrinl %Mus.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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same time it "was subsequently admitted that the owners of the vessels in which they were conveyed , readily undertook to carry their wretched freight at so low a price , on the speculation , of receiving the higher passage money they were sure to obtain when called upon by the several English parishes to convey the poor creatures back again . If this is not trafficking in human life , it most assuredly is in human misery , and an appropriation of the funds of public charity that was never designed ; and disgraceful to the country that will permit such a nefarious , and what is worse , every-day transaction . With your permission , Sir , I will put the public in possession of the enormous and tempting prices that the magistrates , with the sanction of the Secretary of State , offer for the perpetuation of the above most reprehensible practice . Here they are : —
"Middlesex , to wit . Regulations made by the Justices of the Peace at the Quarter Sessions , Oct . 21 , 1845 , in reference to 8 and . 9 Vic , entituled ' An Act to amend the laws relating to the removal of poor persons born in Ireland and Scotland , the Isle of Man , Scilly , Jersey , and Guernsey , and chargeable in England , more effectually than in the said Act is provided . ' " 1 . All paupers ( in good health ) shall be delivered to Mr . Richard George Baker , at a dep 6 t to be from time to time provided by him . " 2 . Who shall be held in safe custody by him , or others on his behalf , until left at their respective places of destination .
" 3- ( Now for scale of fares . ) To Ireland— £ 2 2 s . for all persons above ten years , and £ 1 4 s . under , ordered to Dublin ; £ 2 ditto above , and £ 1 2 s . under ten , to Cork ; £ 3 ditto above , and £ 1 12 s . under ten , to Limerick ; £ 4 ditto above , and £ 2 4 s . under ten , to Belfast , &c . To Scotland— £ 1 10 s . ditto above , and 18 s . under ten , to Edinburgh , &c . ; £ 4 ditto above , and £ 2 10 s . under ten , to Glasgow , &c . ; £ 5 ditto above , and j £ 3 under ten , to Inverness , &c . To the Isle of Man— £ 4 10 s . ditto above , and £ 2 12 s . 6 d . under ten . £ 3 ditto above , and £ L 15 s . under ten , to the Isle of Scilly . To Jersey and Guernsey , £ 3 and £ 1 15 s . " 4 . In case of any pauper bring in an unfit state to be removed , Mr . Baker may redeliver him to the guardians or overseers , at their expense , returning half the money he has received with him .
" 5 . Personal allowances to the person delivering paupers not exceeding five miles , 3 s . 6 d . ; exceeding ten miles , 5 s . ; above ten miles , 7 s . 6 d ., with 4 d . per mile for conveyance . " " Surrey to wit . Regulations , Jan . 6 , 1846 . " 1 . Apppoints a conductor to convey parties to the port of embarkation . " 2 . Natives of Ireland to be conveyed by railway to Liverpool or Bristol , and thence to Dublin , Wexford , &c . Scotland , by railway to London , thence by steam to Aberdeen , Edinburgh , &c . Isles of Man , Jersey , Guernsey , and Scilly , to Liverpool , Southampton , or Plymouth by rail , thence to their places of destination"The clerk to the justices to receive 2 s . for making out warrant , and Is . each for copies of the examination . " Maintenance and lodging of each person above sixteen , Is . 6 d . ; under , Is . 3 d . Travelling per mile the sum actually expended , " Extravagant as those charges may appear , and sufficient in a degree to account for the frequent seizure of the goods of the poor ratepayers , which we too often hear of , there is this consolation , they end here , there is no after-clap . That degrading and costly remnant of feudalism , the law of settlement , has not been introduced either into Ireland or Scotland . There ia jio appealing , no lawsuits can occur , as between parish and parish in England and Wales ; no sums of £ 50 , £ 100 , or £ 500 to be further drawn
from the over-taxed ratepayer . Verily , John Bull is an oddity ; while boasting of unlimited humanity and philanthropy , while he rears the most princely recepticles for the amelioration of every calamity that human nature is heir to ; and not stopping " here , actually studies the feelings of the brute creation , he permits , and positively pays something like twenty per cent , in the shape of poor s rates for the purpose of persecuting , harassing , starving his poorer fellowcreatures . The law of settlement does all this and more , under the special sanction of Mr . John Bull ! W . UAIiLAWAT .
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OUR " GLORIOUS CONSTITUTION . " 2 , Uurnard ' ti-iuii , July 5 , 1851 . Sin , —We may well bo proud of our institutions What better evidence could we have of Britain ' s immense wealth and commercial prosperity than the enormous minis Hijuandered away in our Civil Lint , our Btuto pensioners , our Queen Victoria , our l ' rinco Albert , our Albert the Prince of Wales , and all our Itoynl Family ? Other countries may well be awoatruck at the power of a nation which can ufFord to raise an annual revenue of fifty-seven milliontj , but
they Minile when they see how it is applied . They may admire the windom of the policy winch lavishes £ 500 , 000 u year on an African squadron for the prevention of tlu » hIhvo trade , whilst enormous quuntitieH of slave-grown sugar arc consumed at home . They must praiHe tho philanthropy of a nation which a . MBeinbloB the produce and industry of the whole world in it » llydc-park , for the edification and benefit ot tho habitable globe—showing untuxed milliona tho whole proceaa of all itn manufactures , and enabling the m to compete in the market with its own iioavil y taxed operatives . In thio country , which
doubles its population every fifty-two years , can we be surprised at the immense importation of" foreign produce ? Can we expect enough food can be grown in the country for the support of its over-burdened population ? What a grand idea then—how disinterestedly philanthropic to enable the whole world to undersell our producers ! for as living is more expensive in England than in any other country , foreigners must inevitably produce our commodities at a cheaper rate than it is possible for us to produce them . The Pelican of the ancients was an impostor compared with our nation of Exhibition-mongers ,
Then , again , what a 6 ubhme idea must the world have of our moral and religious character , when it hears the incomes of our bishops ! and if the sincerity of our faith depends upon the amount we pay for it , we certainly are the most unexceptionable nation on the face of the earth . The price of an article is generally a pretty fair test of its quality : our religion costs us four millions a year . How strong is the conservative spirit in the British mind ! Why do we strive to emulate the Chinese in supporting anomalous abortions . for no other reason than that our ancestors did the same ? Is not this
the age of progress , and are not our relations with by-gone days ever changing ? The food which nourishes the babe will not support the man ; and by no possible theory of adaptation to circumstances can we prove that it will . Contrast the position of the United States with that of England . We find that , with a population of seventeen millions doubling itself every twenty-five years , a country covering an area of more than two millions of squnre miles , being about thirty-four times the size of England and Wales , the whole government costs only about six
millions annually , or about one-tenth of that of Eng land , the population being nearly the same in either country . In what respect are the United States inferior to us ? Is there less liberty to the subject ? less encouragement to genius ? less religious character ? No . But there are less taxes less diplomatic humbugs and placemen , less sacrifice of their own tax-paying operatives to the aggrandizement of strangers ; in fact , less of everything which tends to degrade man in the social scale , and more of everything that conduces to his advancement and the improvement of his condition . j ¦ ¦ ; ' t .
We cannot long remain in ouj present false position . Fond as John Bull notoriousl y is of peace and quiet , he is not yet so degraded as to be lost to all sense of progress . As other countries outstri p him in the march of civilization , the microscopic grain of good sense which has so long lain dormant within him will be aroused , and he will awake as a giant refreshed , to astonish the natives with his wonted energy , and he will " go in and win . ' ' Then will bo realized the prophetic wordsof the song , and the " good time coming" will arrive at last , bringing witli it a complete reformation of abuse , and an improvement in the condition of the people . England will no loiiger be a "by-word among the nations" ns a monster of mismanagement ; nn < l the first half of the nineteenth century will be remembered only as a lesson of the spectral past . — " Wait a little longer . " X . Y . .
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PRIZE ESSAYS . London , July : 5 , I 8 . ") l . Sir , —Permit me , through the columns of your " Open Council , " to inform the readers of the Leader that essays have been received on all the . six duties comprising religion ; and that , in order to secure the ablest esBayiBtb to elucidate morality , it is proposed to nominate those writers who are considered by the adjudicators to be best suited for that purpose . The amount of the prizes will be as before , £ 5 for each essay—the list of the subjects is stated below ; and the names of writers willing to undertake the essays may be sent to C C , 8 , King William-street , Cliaring-crosH , any time during the present month . I remain , air , yours truly , A Constant Ukadeh .
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Six OHsays on the following social or relative duties , the performance of which is morality : — 1 . To generate , rear , and establish a fnnily . 2 . To acquire and communicate knowledge . H . To promote virtue niul to prevent vice . 4 . To amend , improve , and reform tin ; laws . ft . To eradicate slavery and to fonter equality . ( i . To prevent , arrest ., or Kupprestt nil warfare , and to encourage social and international cooperation .
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BANK OF ENGLAND . An Account , pursuant to the Act 7 th and 8 th Victoria , cap . 32 for the week ending- on Saturday , the 5 th of July , i 851 , ISSUE DEPARTMENT . £ £ Notes issued .... 27 , 581 , 520 Government Debt , 11 , 015100 Other Securities .. 2 , 984 , 900 Gold Coin and Bullion 13 , 548 , 145 Silver Bullion 33 , 375 £ 27 , 581 , 520 £ -37 , 581 , 520 BANKING DErAHTMENT . £ £ Proprietors'Capital , 14 , 553 , 000 Government Secu-Rest 3 , 128 , 517 rities ( including-Public Deposits ( in- Dead-weight Ancluditig Exche- nuity ) 13 , 515 , 235 quer , Savings * Other Securities ,. 14 , 251 , 192 Banks , Cominis- Notes 8 , 036 , 265 sionersof National Gold and Silver Debt , and Divi- Coin 631 , 195 dend Accounts ) .. 8 , 931 , 362 Other Deposits 8 , 695 , 802 even-day and other Bills 1 , 155 , 206 £ 36 , 48 : 5 , 887 £ 36 , 463 887 D . ited July 10 , 1851 . M MARSHALL , Chief Cashier .
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« July 12 , 1851 . ] & !) £ $ Ltab $ V * 665
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MONJOY MA 1 MCKT AND CITY INTELLIGKNC 1 C iSatvhijav . JKnglitth l '' uii ( lrt have not been very active thin week OoiihoIk declined on Monday to «)< $£ to i > 7 , and remained bo until Thursday . Tlu > <; lofiiiiK prices yi-Hterduy were Connote , OfiJ <) 7 . ' The fluctuation * have been :- CohhoIh , {)(> / to 07-Hank Stock , 21-1 to m >; JNxchequcr ImIIh , & () « . to /> , {» . premium . Tho bargahiH in the Foreign Htoelc Market yeatorday comprised ;— -Mexican oponod at Xi , and wan subsequently tlouo at 32 J and 32 ft . Tho quotation for Small
Mexican in the official liet was 324 . The other bargains comprised : Peruvjan , for account , 89 * . 90 , and 90 ± Portuguese Five per Cents , small , 34 ; the Four per Cents ., 34 ; Russian Five per Cents ., 114 ; Spanish Five per Cents ., for account , 20 $ ; the Three per Cents ., for account , 38 J and f ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents 59 J and i ; and the Four per Cent . CertiBcates 92 and 9 If . There was no reeovery in Sardinian Scrip from the closing price of yesterday , and the transactions quoted were at lj , 2 i , and If discount .
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Salur Mond Tites . H ' edn . Thurs . Frid . Bank Stock 214 215 I 215 ' , — 3 pur Ct . Ued .. 97 J 97 | 97 J 97 | 97 ^ bik 3 p . C . Con . Ans . 97 9 (> i 9 «| ' jli ' i 07 3 p . C . Aii . 1726 . SG < 3 p . Ct . Con ., Ac . 97 97 96 ^ J 163 9 ( i ? 07 3 | p . Cent . An . 99 98 J 98 ^ 98 | 09 98 ^ New 5 per Cts . Long Ana . , I 8 « 0 . 7 g 7 7-16 7 7-16 73 7 g 7 j | Ind . St . 10 . lp . ct . 2 ( 12 Ditto lionrfs .. G 2 p 63 p 63 p 63 p 62 p Ex . Bills , \ 00 iH . 4 !) p 53 p 50 p 53 p 53 p hi p Ditto , ;") iUk .. 49 p 53 p 50 p 49 p 53 p 51 p Ditto . Smrti' 49 p 53 p 50 p I 53 p ' 53 p 54 p
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- [ C 1 HTISH FUNDS FOlt THE PAST WEEK . ( Closing Prices . )
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FOKEIGN FUNDS . ( Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening . ) ¦ Austrian 5 per Cents . 96 jj Mexican 5 per Ct . Ace . 3 ' 2 $ Belgian Hdd ., 4 £ p . Ct . — ¦ Small .. .. 3 ~\ j lirazilian ;") per Cent * . — Neapolitan f > per Cents . — Buenos Ay res 6 p . Cts . — Peruvian 4 J per Outs . 00 } Chilian 6 per Cents . .. — Portuguese 5 per Cent . — Danish 5 per Cent * . .. — 4 per Cts . 31 Dutcli , 2 . J per Cents ... 5 ! M Annuities — 4 per Cents . .. » 2 | Knssian , 1822 , 4 . J p . Cts . 100 $ Kcundor llond * .. — Span . Actives , 5 p . Cts . 20 j | French 5 p . C . Aii . atParis 9 . 'f . 90 Passive .. — 3 p . rts ., Julyll . Sti . i'O Deferred .. —
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SHARKS . Last Official Quotation for Week ending : Friday Evening . Uau . vvav . 4 . Hanks . Aberdeen .. .. I <) g Australasian .. .. 31 } liristol and Ii . tcter .. 79 Uritiah North American — Caledonian .. .. 103 Colonial .. .. .. — Eastern Counties .. ft } Commercial of London .. 26 } Edinburgh and Glasgow 2 H London and WeuUninater — ( ircat Northern .. .. 17 jJ I . rnilon Joint Stock .. — Greats . & \ V . ( Ireland ) 40 National of Ireland .. — ( ircat Western .. .. 8 . 'U National l'roviiiciul .. — Lancashire and Yorkshire 50 } Provincial of Ireland .. -l ' 2 \ I , mi caster and Carlisle 80 Union of Australiu .. 30 Lond ., Krighton . &H . Coast 95 Union of London .. — London anil lilackivall .. 7 Minks . London and N .-Western 122 j { Holanos .. .. .. — Midland .. .. .. 43 ^ lit ; i / . ilian Impen d North Itritisli .. .. V > f , Ditto , St . John del Hey 1 HJ Soutli-EiiBtein and Dover 22 [ j Cobre Copper .. .. 40 £ Smith-Western .. .. HUrj Mihuri . i . ankouk . York , NewoiiH ., 8 c Berwick IS 1 Australian Agricultural — York and North Midland 18 jj Canadii .. .. .. Dook . h . ( ieneral Steam .. .. — Kiiatiiiid Went India .. — l'enins . & Oriental Steam 6 'J J London .. .. .. — Koyal Mail Steam .. — St , Katharine .. .. — Houtli Auutraliuu .. —
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C () It N EXCHANG E . We have a good arrival of foreign Wheat this week . The trade ia very flrm at Monduy ' a decline . For Uarh / llure is ii fair demand at less rates . The largo HupplieH of Outs lntely reported are followed this week hy utill lurtfer . The dealers hold off buying , and no amount of business could be done , except at quite la . lens money than would be taken on Monday . The Archangel shipments are expected to begin arriving before the mipplics at present heir , or near at hand , are cleared off , and it Heemn to be a general opinion that we Hhall noon « ee the lowest prices . Very little busincoa in doinjs in floating cargoes . Arrivaln from July 4 to July 11 . Knglinh . Iriah . I '' orciffn . Whent .. .. 1 H . 'M > —— 17 , 200 Mai ley .... 20 M 7 O OatH 1 M 0 2100 40 , 710 Flour lino—Sacka , 2020 ; Uurrels , MHO . FLO UK . IWii-iii ido per Hack . 't 7 n . to 12 « . SecondH / « W — ' » K « H « ti . uud Mult ' olk , on honi'd ship ;'" — 3 ' 1 Norfolk mid Htockton 3 i ) — 31 An r . ie . ui per Imirol -19 — a 3 duuuliati > - - ' ' ^ — % ' & Wiit-aton Urcnd , 7 < f . tlit ) 4 H > . Jouf . IIounuholdB , 5 jjd ,
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Leader (1850-1860), July 12, 1851, page 665, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1891/page/21/
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