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" 2 . That man is compelled by his original constitution to receive his feelings and his convictions independently of his will . " 3 . That his feelings and his convictions , or both of them united , create the motive to action called the zvill , which stimulates him to act , and decides his actions . " 4 . That the organization of no two human beings is ever precisely similar ¦ at birth ; nor can art subsequently form any two individuals , from infancy to maturity , to be precisely similar .
" 5 . That , nevertheless , the constitution of every infant , except in case of organic disease , is capable of being- formed into a very inferior or very superior being , according to the qualities of the external circumstances allowed to influence that constitution from birth . " Human nature , therefore , is a compound of animal propensities , intellectual faculties , and moral qualities , united in different proportions in each individual , by a power unknown to him , and consequently without his consent . He comes into existence witiiin certain external circumstances ; and the influence of these external circumstances is
modified , in a particular manner , by liis peculiar , individual organization . He may be made to receive either true ideas , derived from a knowledge of facts , or false notions , derived from the imagination , in opposition to facts : he may be trained to acquire injurious or beneficial habits , or a mixture of both . Now , for the first time in the progress of human affairs a direct and open conflict has commenced , between moral falsehood and truth : between false
and real virtue ; between force , fraud , and oppression , and kindness , honesty , and justice ; between individual riches and luxury , and great poverty and destitution ; between War and Peace ; between the superstitious prostration of the mental faculties and mental liberty ; in fine , between misery and happiness ; and a period of universal virtue and happiness shall arrive , when knowledge shall make charity and love extend over the earth , and peace shall be universal .
Now , a small portion of the population , with the aid of scientific power , can supply the wants of a very larjre population ; and this is the first step towards the attainment of the promised " Millenium . " . For , by the aid of this new power , a superabundant provision for all the wants of man , without slavery , or servitude , may be provided ; the only inequality of condition to be the natural one of ag « and experience , which will preserve order and harmony in society .
The . vfY , * r . v / preparatory step is , the improvement of \ X \ . \ character of the human race ; which can be effected only by an entire change in the formation of the character of each individual from birth through life . "At present , there is not one educational establishment known , that is calculated to train individuals from birth to become rational men and women . " JJut , the science of human nature " has been discovered , " and must lead to the practice of forming a superior moral , physical , mental , and practical character for every individual .
1 he third step can be attained only by the Science of Society , " which will enable man to dissect it into its elementary parts ; to separate them ; to ascertain their past and present incongruities ; and to know how to recombine them in their proper proportions , so as to form a new and more perfect state of society . The fourth step is , the gradual ceasing of the necessity for any of the professions . . Peace on earth can never be nf , laine . rl —
1 st . So long as priests teach their opposing doctrines of faith and mysteries as opposed to a belief bused solely upon dvnumstrable facts . 2 nd . So long as any necessit y shall exist for the profession of the law ; human law as opposed to Nature's everlasting law . . ' { id . So long as physical and mental disease hhall exist ,. The discovery of flu ; means , and the adoption of the practice , to prevent disease of body and mind , arc necessary : the means have been already discovered , to a great extent . The proper mode of preventing disease is to exercise , at the . proper period of life , all the natural faculties , propensities , and powers , up to the point of vkmi-kuanck . The causes of disease being chiefly live : religious perplexities ; disappointment of the affections ; pecuniary difficulties ; anxiety for our offspring ; I IN'l'i : JM I'KKANCK . The fifth . step , in the abandonment of the , principles which lead to Wau . The talk of Wak and morality—Wau and religion—Wak and
justiceor War and peace and goodwill to mankindexisting at the same time in the mind and conduct of the same individual , is a proof how irrational
men are . The sixth step will be the destruction of the immoral system of buying cheap and selling dear , for a money profit *; a practice by which characters are formed in an inferior mould . The seventh step will he the abandonment of paying money wages by one part of society to another , for their mental or physical services ( science having also rendered severe and unhealthy human labour unnecessary)—a practice which has led to greater injustice , degradation , crime , and misery , than when slavery was general . For it was the interest of the owner that his slave should not be
overworked , but be healthy and in good working condition . " But the lowest stage of humanity is experienced when the individual must labour for a small pittance of wages ; when he is not suffered to have land , from which , by his own labour , he may produce the necessaries of life ; and when he must find employment , even to obtain this small pittance , or be degraded to a workhouse , or steal , or murder , or starve . "
The eighth step will be to terminate idleness and uselessness . It being impossible to calculate the extent of evil that men and women , who are maintained in idleness , inflict upon the population within their influence . The temperate exercise of the physical and mental faculties being a continual source of health and enjoyment . The ninth step will be to form the external arrangements around every one , from birth ; to insure to him the best physical , moral , and intellectual education , that his constitution , or natural faculties , when born , will admit .
The tenth step will be to terminate the distinction of rich and poor . The existence of great wealth and extreme poverty , within the same nation or district . For one family to be wallowing in luxury to such an extent as to cause loss of health and real enjoyment , while a neighbouring family is suffering every privation until its members pine away and are gradually starved to death , and that without exciting feelings of horror and astonishment , indicates a degraded state of human existence , which cannot much longer be permitted to
continue upon the earth , to disgrace the conduct of human beings having the presumption to call themselves rational and religious . The eleventh step will be to infuse into each heart and mind the genuine spirit of charity for the varied opinions , feelings , and conduct of the human race , until all shall think , feel , and act as much alike upon all matters essential to the permanent happiness of mankind , as those well instructed in the science of mathematics now think , feel , and act alike on all things appertaining to that
. . The twelfth and last step , the chief cornerstone of the social edifice , is the abandonment of the principles from which all falsehood proceeds , and the adoption of principles that will establish truth from birth to death , in ( he word , look , and action of every individual : the declining reverence for the priesthood over the world ; their dissensions in opposition to « ach other , and their presumption over their more enlightened fellowlncn ; the progress of the Tkmpehanck societies i "_ Great Britain and America ; the advance of scientific discoveries ; the passion for educating the
masses ; the disinclination for Wau even among warlike nations ; the easy and rapid communication between the most distant countries ; the adoption of scientific power to supersede severe or injurious manual service , slavery ; the friendly union of hitherto hostile Governments ; with many other events ; indicate with certainty that a great change is coining over the nations of the earth ; and that man shall now be put in the right path , to become good , and wise , and happy ; " and every obstacle in ( be way of Ins progress to this advent of his existence ( the victory of rational over irrational principles ) shall prove unavailing and powerless . "
"A rational Government will attend solely to the happiness of the governed . " It , will ascertain what are the laws of human organization and existence , from birth to death ; what is necessary for the happiness of a being no formed ; and what are the best niea ,. s for securing them permanently . Kveiy one shall have equal and full liherly
of conscience on religious and all other subiect * No one shall have any other power than f £ argument to control the opinions of others w praise or blame , no merit or demerit , no rewadrn punishment , shall be awarded for any opinionsiZ belief . But all , of every religion / sEaU have equal right to express their opinions respecting the . Power which moves the atom and controls th universe , and to worship that Power in anv manner agreeable to their consciences , and not interfering with the equal rights of others .
Every one shall be educated from infancy to maturity , in the best manner known , and pass through the same general routine of education All children from their birth shall be under the especial care of the community ; their parents to have free access to them at all times . Both sexes shall have equal education , rights , privileges and personal liberty j and their marriages will arise from the general sympathies of their nature uninfluenced by artificial distinctions . ' _ Society shall then be composed of communities , or associations , of men , women , and children " in the usual proportions , from 300 to 2000 . * Each community shall possess , around it , land sufficient for the support of its members .
Each community shall be governed in its home department by a general council , composed of all its members between the ages of thirty and forty ; and in its foreign department by all its members from forty to sixty years of age .
CONCLUSIONS . That the period for introducing the Rational System of society is near at hand (?); and that no human power can resist the change . That the Governments ( the Peoples ?) of the world will soon be compelled , in self defence to adopt this system , to prevent their being involved in anarchy , war , and ruin : and that this change will destroy the old vicious system of ignorance ,
poverty , and individual competition . But that there must be a sufficient number of individuals imbued with the spirit of genuine charity , affection , and philanthropy , and instructed in the best mode of applying it to practice : they must , likewise , possess patience and perseverance , to overcome all obstacles ; and , above all , they must be united , have full confidence in each other , and be directed by one heart and one mind .
Under the past and pre-ent Irrational Systemdevised in opposition to Nature—nineteen out of twenty of the external circumstances formed by man around society , are of an inferior and vicious character ; under the Rational System now proposed , all the circumstances under human control will be of a superior and virtuous character . Under the existing religious , political , commercial , and domestic arrangements of Great Britain , 250 individuals cannot be supported in comfort on a square mile of land ; while under the pioposed system , with less labour and eapital than are now employed , 500 may be supported in abundance . Such is the difference between a . Rational
system ,-f- formed in accordance with Nature , and an Irrational system founded in opposition to it . William Coninoiiam .
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* Estimate of the Cost of one of the superior Home Colonies , or Family ( Jlubs : — Two thousand ; icres of average luud , ut £ 70 per acre ( including timber ) . . . £ 1-10 , 000 Seventy-two dwelling houses , at £ , " ]/> , ()()() each 262 , 000 Four colleges for education , at £ 4000 . . 1 ( 5 , 000 Four central buildings , one on each side of square , for adults , at £ 8000 each . . 32 , 000 Four culinary uud refectory arrangements , at £ ( 5000 each . . ... 2-1 , 000 Furnishing notifies , colleges , public buildings , & « . . . / . ( jo , ()() O Water , gits , and heating apparatus , for public and private buildingn .... 00 , 000 Four farmhouses and farms of 800 acres each , &c , at £ 4000 e . ich .. . . 1 ( 5 , 000 Stocking the above , at £ 4000 each . . 1 ( 5 , 000 ISutliK , gymnasia , and cloisters for each side of Hquare , £ ()()()() eucli ... . 21 , 000 -Diaiuage , laying out H < ju ; ire and terrace . 20 , 000 Four towers for chimneys and other purposes , at £ 6000 eueli . . . . 20 , 000 Contingencies .... 20 , 000 £ 700 , 000 £ 700 , 000 at 6 per cent . . .. . ; i 6 , 000 Annual repair *) ... . . 10 , 000 Ammul cost . . . £ 16 , 000 A provisional form of government tJ bo udopted in the first , or transition , state . ¦ f- " I consider the virtue of an action to consist in it « being in harmony with the dictates of all the faculties acting in harmonious combination , and duly enlightened . " - —2 'A « Duties of Man , by Qnou . au Goomub .
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994 Et ) C VLCabCt . [ Saturday ,
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• Legitimate profit . iH the fair wag ,- ( ory «««) paid for thelabour talent and capital employed iu commerce and M » the uubiuohb of distribution . —Wo »"* - » *' «¦ , ' «»«
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 18, 1851, page 994, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1905/page/14/
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