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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Justice Patteson says that masters may combine and men may combine . He says nothing of restrictions on the combination of masters . But the workmen must not combine , for instance , for active interference between masters and men . If they do , and an action , like this of Wolverhampton , is consequent thereon , a jury will assume the existence of a conspiracy from the fact of the combina ^ tion . For Mr . Justice Patteson says there was no evidence of a conspiracy , and yet he agrees that there was one . So that , in the case of the workman , to combine and to conspire are the same thing . What then is the worth of this vaunted
equality in the right of combination ? Moreover , the judge says you must not make men think that they have grievances against their masters . Does not this strike at the liberty of speech and the liberty of the press ? and further , does it not render the small existing rights of combination a farce and a nullity ? How are men to raise wages , if not by combination ? and how is that combination to be formed , unless by inducing men to combine for the redress of grievances and the protection of rights ? We maintain that any one has as much right to instruct the people , if they need instructing in their wrongs , as Mr . Smart has to teach improved penmanship .
One moral we draw from this trial , singularly corroborated by present political appearances . Why have the leaders of the working classes hitherto practically disdained these social injustices ? and why have they not sought to obtain a remedy for them ? By the neglect of urgent wrongs , which , rectified , would at once relieve the workman , the people have been thrown into the hands of the Shaftesburys and sentimental reformers of the Young England School . No doubt we want
political reform ; but , in the mean time , pending the settlement of that which is a great party question , to enforce social reforms would not only bring immediate practical advantages , but would serve to the people as an earnest of what political reforms may do for them . Depend upon it , no party of the People will be so strong as that party which , without 'bating one of its principles , will contend for direct , immediate , and effective social ameliorations for the people .
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MANCHESTER PAUPERISM AND MANCHESTER WAGM . Ten thousand , two hundred , and fifty paupers in . Manchester ! More than five per cent , of the most hard-working , and thrifty population in Great Britain living in idleness , a burden upon the rest of the community , during a period of unexampled prosperity- ! There must be something grievously wrong here . And the worst feature of the case is the alarming rate at which this formidable army of
paupers is increasing . Compared with the same period of last year , the number receiving outdoor relief shows an increase of about £ >()() , four-fifths of whom are Irish . The total sum spent on the outdoor poor , although the most stringent measures are taken to keep down the expenditure , amounts to £ 505 per week , or upwards of £ 2 t > , () 00 per annum . How much longer must this wasteful state of things continue before the ratepayers of Manchester begin to rebel against it ?
Although nothing has yet been clono by the Manchester Hoard of ( junrdiiins to provide profitable employment for the ablebodied poor , the neighbouring township of Chorlton—the Westminster of Manchester—appears to be bestirring itself . The guardians of that union have advertised for ; i man " qualified by experience to cultivate loss land , and to direct farming operations in K ^ ueral , whose , immediate duties will coinpri . se the superintendence of the ablebodied paupers who ll ' "iy be employed upon the farm , and who will be 1 ( ' <| tiired to keep an account of the receipts and < ' *| K : iHliture < , f the farm establishment . " To a
person properly qualified to fill this important "'" ice , they propose to give the munificent remuneration of 1 Hs . per week and a free 'ouse ! Now , this is ono of the most , coin-• uou l ) liui (] , » j s committed by pooi-Juw guardians 111 their plans for the . employment of ablebodied I'ujipeivs . They
of the bookkeeping , are such as we cannot expect to find in any one who has not only had a good agricultural education , but who also possesses the much less common faculty of being able to manage and secure the prompt obedience of those placed under him . In this , as in almost all other cases , the guardians seem to mistake parsimony for economy . They look after the pence , leaving- the pounds to take care of themselves . Thus we have one set of guardians spending £ 500 a week on their ablebodied poor , in spite of all their candle-endand-cheese-paring economy , while another board , in the sarr , e town , advertizes for a farming superintendent to manage pauper labourers , at so miserable a rate of wages as must insure the engagement of
an incompetent person . If this is all that the " Society for the Reformation of the Poor-law , by the Reproductive Employment of the Ablebodied Poor / ' can effect for the abolition of pauperism in Manchester , the sooner it abolishes itself the better .
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THE CHURCH AND ITS MEN . Through our "Open Council" Archdeacon Denison lately appealed to a pamphlet , as a proof of his desire to rrake the Church the instrument ofreal and practical benefit to the People . * The Archdeacon is not a mere upholder of an Establishment , but a staunch Churchman of the highest schoool of orthodoxy ; one who looks upon the Church as a living branch of the Church Catholic , and is anxious , on that account , to secure her liberation from all those trammels which impede her free action and her full development . Indicating his endeavours in this direction , we leave untouched his remarks on doctrinal matters , which are independent of the merits of his case ; for we are assured that many earnest minds , without participating in his opinions , would gladly join him in his efforts for the emancipation of hi » Church . The Archdeacon sees that the people of this land have become so far alienated from the Church , that their return to it as a people may be no longer possible . He complains that the Church " has no corporate voice "; and that "it is State policy to prevent the expression of the mind of the Church , because State usurpation could not coexist together with it . " He points out the mission which the Church has in these islands , and throughout the world ; and confesses " sorrowfully , , and with pangs of self-reproach , -tlftit she is not fulfilling
it . " Some of the hindrances to that fulfilment he sees in the position of the Bishops as Peers of Parliament , which he holds ' to be , in these days , incapable of defence "; in the secular character of her Cleigy ; in the fact that holy orders are " regarded amongst us principally as one of the professions , " and that those who enter that profession are most imperfectly trained for it ; which Mr . Denison admits to have been the case
with nimself . The work of the clergyman , in consequence , holds a lower rank in parishes tlmn that of the schoolmaster , the latter being recognized as real . The mode of appointment of Bishops , and the empty or even profane forms of the conge d ' e / ire , are exposed by the Archdeacon ; and the evils resulting from the secular character of Bishops as Peers , he handles with not less vigour . The chief evil , and thut which may be held the source of all the rest , is that this secular position is " urged as a justification for withholding from the Church the free exercise of her ISynodicnl po \ vei \ s , on the pica that the Church is already , through her Bishops , represented in Parliament . "
Tor the restoration of synodical powers , if they be in true accordance with the progressive spirit of the times , and if the voice of the laity be permitted to join in them , we have frequently contended . The result , is yet , to bo ween ; it , may be the triumph of orthodox principles , or of those which the Archdeacon describes as latitudinarian ; or of those held by the advocates of " the Church of" the Kuture" : but there is evidently a spirit , abroad that will not be set at rest till freedom of debate and decision is restored to tin : Church in some form or other ; and no one , netting doctrinal opinions aside :, is better fitted tube the leader of the movement than ( leorgu Anthony Denison . How is it that few understand so well as he dors the inio position of bis Church ?
" ' 1 lie Cliurr . h of England uppeurn scarcel y to appreciate and Id renlize the fact , that her position within the lour wan is still as completely and emphatically a mia . uonary position an is to be found in llm world . For to put . aside lor ii momelit , the startling truth that " , there are largo mass , h of formal heiuheiuHm in tho
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* Why h / iouIU ( hv . tUaliops continue to sit in the llousa of Lords ? Hy (; , o , ,. Anthony Denimm , M . A ., Vicar of Jfrml iiiout . Third Edition . Mn » urt ) .
midst of her , how much is there to be done to evangelize our nominal Christianity . Now , to labour unceasingly for this , is surel y as plainly the mission of the Church as to preach to the heathen soul that there is none other name under heaven given unto men , in whom and . through whom , we may receive health and salvation , but only the name of our Lord Jesus Christ . " But to conquer the true position of the Church a man is wanted . " That true son of the Church , whether bishop , or peer , or representative of the people , who shall gain freedom for the Church of England , ' to do the work proper unto her , ' in the full and free exercise of her synodical power for the regulation of all her internal concerns , whether of doctrine or discipline , or the increase and endowment of the several orders of her clergy , who shall persuade the civil power not to usurp the functions of the spiritualty either in respect of the appointment of bishops , or judgment of doctrine , or education , or discipline ; who shall persuade the Episcopate that the House of Lords is no longer their fitting place ; who shall abolish the levying of Church rates upon all who shall register themselves as joined members of any dissenting body , or as of the Roman Catholic community , who shall renounce , so far as it may be done by law , other causes of just offence between the several religious bodies which compose the nation ; that man will do more to build up thb Church in the hearts of men , and to make us a happypeople , acknowledging ' one Lord , one Faith , one Baptism , ' and endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of Peace , ' than the framer of a hundred Jaws professing to uphold , but in fact degrading and secularizing and stultifying- the Church . " Very true ; hut " the Church " corporate includes many men differing sorely from George Anthony Denison . " Vixerunt fortes ante Agamemnona , " perhaps ; but how is it with us since the days of his Argive Majesty ? We should be none the worse for a few of the strong men in these post-Hellenic days , and in the provinces of York and Canterbury , especially , strength is a desideratum .
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THE YESSEL OP THE STA . TE . , The "Vessel of the State" is an image Bomewhat musty from immemorial adoption by Poets , Poetasters , ParliameiH-palaverers ; butthe situation of Fiench politic * suggests a novel and forcible application of the simile . To what kind of ship shall we liken the Fren . cn Republic , on that troubled sea of ambitions , intrigues , conspiracies buffeted and tossed these three years past ? She has sailed on a four years' voyage . Her owner and master has been looking out for an opportunity lo " scuttle" her ,
or to tirive her on the rocks —in order to pocket the Insurance . Her crew , mutinous and divided , are watching their moment to pitch this taciturn , self-seeking humbug of a skipper overboard in a £ >» le , and then to fight out the possession of the craft , and to take her into whatever port the winners may select . The bravery of the master in overawed by the piracy of the men : thus one knavery keeps the other iu check ; and between the two the good ship mny yet reach her destination—May , ' 52 .
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" OI ) I , 1 ) EN " AOK IS UK FORK U . S . Acooiu ) i \« to current appearances , future little boys m iy come to . see gold almost as commonly as did the traditionary imp of the school books , who expected to find the streets of London paved with the precious metal . '' Gold" is becoming the commonest word in the language ; every tenth man you pass in the street , your neighbours in the omnibus , your vis-a-vis at . dinner , the flaneurs iu the fashionable mreets of the West End are talking of gold mines , gold diggings , lumps of gold . A short time ago we were nitnaccd with an " inundation " of foreign corn , by which all the ancient landmarks of the constitution were to be swept away , and the well-fed . Englishman reduced to a miserable skeleton . Now we are threatened with a flood of gold , from Mast and West ; but nobody object * to be ovcrw he lined by the theoretical pauperism which it suggests to profound rniiids . The hopes which sent ILtleigh on his last voyage—the glitte afar oft of El Dorado — now aniiu . itc millions ; ami in the physical , if not in the social woi U , he belief ia pretty general that the " golden age in before us . "
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Nov . 29 , 1851 . ] w ^ t 3 Le&Uet . 1137
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SOCIAL It K V () It M . (' fi " NOTKH Ol' A HOClAt , tliCON <> M 1 ST . " i ITIIIC COOPKUATIVK ASSOCIATIONS Ol' l' ^( iLANl ) . > 1 " 'I hey have the old inveterate error , that a nimilitudo / of customs find iijiinmiH amongst the various tiilxn of mankind , utoHt . remote fioiu each other , must , iit-rds urisu fioin Rom <; coiiimunic . ttion . Whereas , human nuturr , without , any help , will in the nuiwe ctrcumstuiHuta n \\\ nyn exhibit the same app < uranecn . "—IVakiiiiiuon ' k l . Hvino / , < : ;/( ition . In my foniuir lctl ; i ; r , I nlau : < I that the , Whit-luno ' Weaving Company originated in a general 44 birike"
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 29, 1851, page 1137, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1911/page/13/
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