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Leader (1850-1860), 17th January 1852, Edition Town of 1, Page 58, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      his ovosjinies ^ or such as were left to him from his late father , the Lord Burleigh , then Lord High Treasurer of England , into a set form of library in some convenient place within our Palace of Whitehall , to be at all times the readier for our use , and for the use of any of our Principal Secretaries hereafter , for , the better enabling them to , do us service . ' * Levinus Muneke and Thomas ; Wilson were appointed Keepers and Registrars of the Papers and Records so to be collected and preserved ; and on the death of the Lord Treasurer Salisbury , in 1612 , his collection of papers was delivered to them . We are indebted to Mr . Thomas for an accurate description of the documents preserved in this office , which consist of four great divisions , viz .: ~

      1 . Domestic correspondence subdivided , and "] * $ including the correspondence with the chief g officers and chiefs of Ireland . r . 2 . Colonies— -including Foreign Possessions , L ™ from about William III . f S 3 . Trade Papers . . ¦ * J 4 . Foreign—arranged in alphabetical order , 5 commencing Abyssinia and , ending Wirtemberg . J S 3 The State Papers were removed to the present office , in Duke-street , Westminster ; and in August ,

      1848 , an important Treasury minute was made , recommending that the State Paper-office and the Record Department should be consolidated , and that the printing of Calendars , Catalogues , and Indexes , as well as of such Records " as may be approved by her Majesty ' Secretaries State and the Lords of the Treasury , should be conducted under the superintendence of the Master of the Rolls , as directed by the 14 th and 15 th sections of the Record Act , 1 and 2 Viet ., c . 94 . " to

      The assent of the Secretaries of ^ tate these propositions was communicated to the Master of Rolls , and the arrangement was finally completed . A fine pile of buildings , wholly fireproof , for the custody of the Papers and Records , is now in course of erection on the Rolls estate , on a site of ground lying between Chancery and Fetter Lanes . The following is the establishment of the Home Secretary : — - - .

      Principal Secretary of State ( £ 5000 ) , Sir Geo . Grey . Under Secretary ( £ 2000 ) , Hon . E . T . Bouverie , M . P Ditto ( £ 1500 ) , Horatio Waddington , Esq . Private Secretary to Sir G . Grey ( £ 300 ) , T . G Baring , Esq . Counsel for Drawing Bills ( £ 2000 ) , W . Coulson , Esq . Chief Clerk ( £ 850 ) , H . J . Knyvett , Esq . Librarian and Registrar ( £ 480 ) , J . H . Keating , Esq . Clerk for Criminal Business ( £ 640 ) , G . Everest , Esq . Keeper of Criminal Register ( £ 350 ) , S . Redgrave , Esq Senior Clerks ( £ 26 $ 0 ) , F . G . Currie , It , S , Dawson , F . S . Leslie , and J . Streatfield , Esqrs . Nine Junior Clerks ( £ 2370 ) . Alien Clerk at the Outports ( £ 200 ) , C . Fabian . Chamber Keepers , Messengers , &c .

      STATE PAPER-OFFICE . Keeper of State Papers ( £ 900 ) , * Bight Honourable H . Hobhouse . Deputy ditto ( £ 360 ) , C . Lechmere , Esq . First Clerk ( £ 200 ) , R . Lemon , Esq ., F . S . A . Secretary to Commission ( £ 250 ) , the same . Junior Clerk ( £ 150 ) , Thomas Temple , Esq . Six other clerks , housekeeper , &o . ( £ 1200 ) .

      FACTORY DEPARTMENT . Clerk and Sub-Inspector ( £ 340 ) , A . Redgrave , Esq . Inspectors ( £ 1000 f each ) : — Leonard Homer , 1 . J , Howell , A . J . Saunders , Esqrs ., and Captain Kincaid . Sub-Inspectors ( from £ 300 to £ 360 $ ) : —W . Graham , J . Ewings , T . Dudley Ryder , H . Broughton , Edw . Davies , D . Jones , O . Trimmer , W . Jeikes , S . Savill Kent , J . P . Hudson , C . Balfour , D . Walker , R . Baker , J . Bates , A . Redgrave , } Esqra ., and Captain Hort . PIUSONS DEPARTMENT . Surveyor ( £ 7501 |) , Lieutenant-Colonel Jebb . Inspector ( £ 800 II ) , Captain Williams . # Ditto ( £ 700 ) , J . Y . Penny , Esq . Ditto ( £ 700 ) , H . P . Voules , Esq . Ditto ( £ 700 ) , Captain Kincaid . Architectural Assistant ( £ 200 **) , James Otloy , Esq . Clerk of Works ( £ 172 . 10 s . ) , R . C . Duwson . ' i ' % ¦ —¦ - " ' "* ¦¦ --- ^ - ¦ " ¦ — ¦ — .. — ... i ... ii i " 1

      Clerk < £ i 32 . 10 s . *) , W , H . Weaver , Es ^ Director of Prisons ( £ 700 ) , Donatus O'Brien , Esq . Ditto ( £ 600 ) , Captain Whitty . Accountant ( £ 430 ) , W . H . Weaver , Esq . Secretary ( £ 430 ) , R . C . Dawson , Esq . ' Three Inspectors in Ireland ( £ 2271 ) . Assistant Secretary ( £ 230 ) . Four Clerks ( £ 485 ) . " ' Secretary to Board in Scotland ( £ 700 ) . , Extra Clerks , Messengers , &c . ( £ 542 ) . MINES AND COLLIERIES DEPARTMENT . Inspectors—Herbert Mackworth , Thomas Wynne , William Lancaster , Esqrs .

      Untitled Article

      THE GREAT SOAP INFLUENCE . The baths and wash-houses are not only a great fact—they are a great success . The statistics of the metropolitan establishments show a great resort to them : there have been 647 , 242 baths used , and 132 , 258 washes effected in the past year . This success is both . greater and less than it seems . In the first place , the numbers are

      not so great as they look , because each bather or washer is reckoned as a new person every time he goes , and thus the fact is somewhat obscured . The truth is , that while a large class contract the habit of cleanliness , a still larger class stop away altogether ; otherwise the numbers would be enormously above what they are . And many who resort to these baths are not properly members of the working classes .

      Now , what are the reasons for the continued neglect of the bath ? We take thejm to be principally these—the want of extended accommodation , especially in neighbourhoods distant from the new establishments , the duty on soap , the want of time , and above all , the want of appreciation . The duty on soap is a tax on cleanliness , and is a disgrace to our tariff which would not survives day after her

      Majesty should have ' * sent for" a Chancellor of the Exchequer really able and earnest in his vocation . The want of time will be remedied , when such movements as that of the Amalgamated Engineers , " and other legitimate sequels of the Ten Hours Act , have been accomplished . But as for the appreciation , it needs some plain speaking to the working classes , and a little experience on their

      own part . In country life , with avocations in the open - , the organization of the body performs its functions vigorously ; but the confined occupations of towns benumb the f aculties , the animal functions are deadened , and health grows feeble . Unstimulated by exercise or the fresh breezes , the skin especially cannot throw off the outward accumulations that clog its pores ; and when the skin is clogged , the organs both of digestion and of breathing are injured ; the skin being a more active organ in aiding the breathing and in keeping up the balance of the

      circulation than many imagine . Now , soap is the substitute for active bodily exertion : it enables the skin of the sedentary man to cast off that which exercise enables the active man to cast off . So widely is the knowledge of this simple fact extending , that the habit of washing becomes daily more general and regular among all the educated classes ; and many a professional man , whose hours of toil equal , if they do not exceed , those of the hardworking artisan , p erforms the cleansing process every day as religiously as a Mussulman . The accession to the vital energy is immense .

      But there are further results . It is commonly said that " Cleanliness is next to godliness "; but why ? Because , rendering the faculties pure and acute , it enables them more distinctly to perceive that which is healthy and pure . Cleanliness is , in fact , a practical piety , fitting the body more aptly to obey the laws which God has assigned for its working . Freed from impurities and impediments , the faculties also become the better fitted to

      take in sensations and ideas ; and thus , most literally , the cleanly man is refined and made wiser . There have , no doubt , been filthy scholars ; it is said that Sir Humphry Davy did not change , but only accumulated , shirts , one at top of another . Speaking generally , however , cleanliness-gives to each man a wider and clearer range for his faculties : the cleaner the instrument , the more efficient it is for all useful purposes .

      But cleanliness endows man with a stronger distaste for that which is impure ; and one of the most insurmountable causes of the social separations of class we take to be the difference in the matter of cleanliness . That differenco divides several circles in the same social classes ; but still more widely the different classes themselves . And

      there is this truth to note : that in proportion to the narrow circumstances of a man , in proportion to the scanty allowance of clothing , its infrequent change and long wear—including in the consideration the external as well as internal elothing- ~ personal cleanliness becomes more essentially needed . The practice of cleanliness is in itself social elevation . ¦ - '• ¦ :. . ¦ - "¦

      Untitled Article

      CAELIER IN LONDON . We have good private authority for stating that M . Carlier , .. 'late Prefect of Police , Spy-Master-General to the Dictator , and Revolutionary Commissary of the coup d ' e'tat , the aspiring Fouche of the new Empire , is among our " distinguished foreign visitors . ' * His business in London , perhaps the Earl of Granville will explain . M . Carlier is accompanied by a band of unscrupulous subordinates , " with Imperial orders , " it is said , to "kidnap" some of the French refugees who have sought an escape from the tender mercies of the latest occupant of the Tuileries . The fact is denounced to us from a quarter we are entitled to consider worthy

      of credit ; but as our correspondent is anonymous , we cannot vouch for his statements on our own responsibility . Other facts which have come to pur knowledge within the last few days , and other credible reports , add weight and significance to the information . It may be convenient to Belgium , or to Switzerland , to permit the violation of international laws and of the sacred rights of hospitality ; but how will England regard such an insolent interference ? Never was there a time when it behoved the national spirit of our country to be more sensitively jealous of the national honour and independence , or more vigilant in pursuing the courtesies and concessions of the Foreign-office .

      Untitled Article

      WHAT IS A GENTLEMAN ? To keep a gig is to be " respectable "—that was laid down in Thurtell ' s case ; to do nothing for a livelihood has long been the extra-legal definition of " gentleman "; but a remarkable-illustration ' of the "truth was given in an assault case at the Middlesex Sessions this week . A prosecutor was asked if he was a gentleman ; which he admitted ; and then followed this colloquy : — Mr . Ballantine : " Have you not been an omnibus driver ? " ,. . „ Prosecutor : "Not for a living . " Mr . Ballantine : " Will you swear you have not been an omnibus driver ?* ' ; Prosecutor : "lam a gentleman ; but I have driven an omnibus by way of amusement . "

      Mr . Ballantine : " Have you not been an omnibus Prosecutor : " Certainly not ; I never did anything to earn a living . " Thus it appears that you may be an omnibus driver ^ and even a clown—for subh the prosecutor had beenand remain a gentleman , as long as you do it in idleness or from a positive taste ( or the business . The forfeiture of the gentle condition lies in turning the honest penny .

      Untitled Article

      SOCIAL REFORM . " NOTES OP A SOCIAL CECONOMIST . ' THE COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS OP ENGLAND , XIII . " The whole world as to trade is but as one nation or people , and therein nations are as persons . "—Sia Dudley North . The Amalgamated Masters have declared warsocial war—against their men , and will listen to no terms short of unconditional surrender . The Roman masters reduced their slaves to obedience and subjection by the sword ; the English masters are about to subdue their servants by starvation .

      The workman , if he fail to execute his work after accepting employment , can be compelled to perform it , and he is punishable by a magistrate by fine and imprisonment , for neglect . But the workman can compel his master to perform his share of the contract only by civil process , and by no summary jurisdiction . The masters may combine to enslave the workmen ; but if the workmen combine to emancipate themselves , they are denounced as conspirators .

      There is one law for the rich another for the poor j the rich are the lawmakers . Political might is right ^ the right of the wolf to the lamb , I now return to the subject of my former letter —wages and profits . As the rent of the landowner is the interest paid for the use of his land , and the wages of the labourer is the recompense for his labour , so the profit of the capitalist or owner of stock has been defined as the remuneration of " abstinence , " or what he gains by forbearing to consume his own capital , and by using it for the employment of labour . * For this forbearance he requires a re-

      Untitled Article

      * Also pension of £ 1000 , aa late Under Secretary of State . . ' i f Captain Kincaid receives 4 J 700 of Hub aa Inspoctor of Prlfjonfl . . ,,., * , X And from £ 1800 to £ 2000 m addition , for personal and travelling expenses . 6 AIbo £ 195 as Clerk to Inspectors . I An additional salary of £ lfiQ , aa Chairman of Director « of Prisons ; £ 202 . 6 fl ., a * military pay ; and X 350 , « h Inapeotor-Qcnorftl of Military Priflons . f The lnapeotora reoeive from £ 800 to £ 1000 a year in addition , for personal and travelling expenses *• Aa additional £ 60 , aa Aeri ^ anjj to luepeotoi :-General .

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      58- f Jt tfailrim tSAttjRiiA ^

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      * Also £ 430 , as Accouatant .

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      * See 6 ( uart Mill .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 17, 1852, page 58, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1918/page/14/