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had reduced hid payment for wages to an average of fourteen shillings ^^ M ^ , while the average of Man * Chester establishments , taking young and old , skilled and ¦ unskilled , is nearer twenty-four shillings per week . We asked if this was possible , or had we been imposed upon . The overlooker replied that it not only could be done , but most likely would be , in Manchester , _ if the society persisted in forcing things to a crisis . With a few . ^ skilled artisans ( who could be' induced to give-tip the society for a consideration ) to direct , he said , lower-priced Habour might be secured than had ever yet been attempted , and a comparatively well-paid class of workmen ¦ mi ght find their trade ruined , much as had been that of the cotton-spinners , whose strikes had led to the introduction of the self-acting mulej and the constant
substitution of machinery for hand labour . " There is a captivating frankness in the utter disregard of the higher aims of society , family , &c , manifested in the above exposition of how to make paupers and secure low -wages , -which is unequalled . The boiler-makers held a meeting on Wednesday , at which Mr . Newton attended . They are not members of the Amalgamated Society . The following resolution was agreed to : —¦ " That this meeting , feeling the injustice that has been done to the boiler-makers generally by their employers , pledge themselves not to accept situations again under any conditions opposed to the interest of their trades ' association . "
Several firms in Manchester have not closed their ¦ works . On Thursday it was estimated that by the Employers' strike twenty-three thousand men are nthrown out , of whom seven thousand belong to the Amalgamated Society . KRISH SYMPATHY WITH THE COOPERATIVE XOVEMENT . The engineers' strike has called the attention of tfhe Board of Manufacture and Industry , Dublin , to the cooperative system . They have invited a aneeting for consultation , composed of the most ** influential men "from all parts of Ireland , to assemble on the last week of this month , for the following among other purposes i— - -
• ' 1 . To adopt measures for converting the workmen anto cooperative and self-sustaining establishments . 2 . For extending the means of education , and directing its chief force to industrial instruction in all places , whether colleges , schools , prisons , or workhouses . 3 . For organizing an extensive and available system of banking and currency to represent the labour of tSe people . 4 . For taking steps to remove the duty off the manufacturers , off paper , off newspapers , and all agencies for disseminating knowledge . " . This is an important fact , and at once strengthens the position of the men . Cooperation in Dublin will Jhave a trust worthy advocate in Mr . William Pare .
THE CENTRAL COOPERATIVE AGENCY . JBy the following report from the Office , at 76 , « Qh * rlotte-street , Fitzroy-square , it will be seen that ( between the 6 th and 12 th of January inclusive , the . ^ London centre of the Agency transacted business with ithe fcfliowing Stores : —Barhead , Leeds , Edinburgh , iBurnley , Banbury , Braintree , Bradford , Halifax , iGtalashietLe , Ullesthorpe , Rochdale , Padiham , Birmingham , Bury , Derby , and Woolwich . The Highefcreet Mill , Congleton , forwarded samples of the -rarious kinds of ribands , with lists of pieces , which they offer for sale ; they state that they have sufficient capital to carry on their business , and as yet have had no difficulty in selling their ribands in the
ordinary markets ; but they desire , for many and obvious reasons , to place themselves in connection with the general cooperative movement . The members of the (* alashiels Store offered to make Tweeds of any pattern border . The Leeds Redemption Society wrote that they are in a position to supply all kinds of -woollen cloth . An association in operation is de-. sirous of obtaining a loan of £ 500 or £ 700 , at five yper cent ., for the extension of their business ; further particulars may be obtained from the Agency . It has * een resolved that the Central Cooperative Agency ehould henceforth act under the same trust as bankers rfor the associations , of which a certain number are ¦ dready in connection with it for that purpose .
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Redemption Society . —Dr . Lees lectured on New Yeax ' s ^ ay , in the new lecture-room of the Society , on the aartaole in the Westminster Bemeto on " Employers and Baajrioyed . " The moneyb received for the week were as follows : —Leeds subscriptions , £ 1 . 16 s . lid . ; Candidate , fid ..-, Halifax , by Buckle , £ 1 . 19 s . 8 d . ; Hyde , < by Bradley , £ 1 . la , ^ d .: Trade subscriptions , by ditto , itJa . ; Hudderefield , by France , 10 s . ; Newcastle-upon ^ ¦ JTyne , by Johnson , £ 1 . lls . 3 d . ; Long ton , by Kiley , Is . 6 d . ; jBuilding Fund , 12 e . ; Propagandist Fund , 7 s . 2 id . Gross receipts at the Store , iirst month , from December IS to 31 , J 67 O . 2 a . 11 , 3 d . Moneys received up to January 11 : 0 : —Coventry , by , Shufllebothanv £ 1 . 8 b . 7 < i . ; Leeds
ombacriptions , £ 1 . Us . od . ; ittCUnburgh , Is . ; JLSuilding found ,, ' ¦ 3 m . 5 d . ; Propagandist Fund , 3 s . 9 ^ d . The annu * il meeting , of the members ia adjourned till the 2 nd of February , when the annual report will be issued . The worker * among us having had our hands full lately organizing the store , we are now ready to receive orders for cloth of price and quality as advantageous as can be obtained . We look with confidence to the tailoring associations and corporators generally for their aid in the development of this portion of our undertaking . We ¦ can also supply pieces for a single garment , of the kinds in which we deal , at wholesale prices to the stores ; and , where At all practicable , to take the commodities or
manufactures of other stores in exchange ; and are ready and glad to receive or forward samples of goods and lists of prices . We are attending also to the advancement of cooperation bjr lectures . Our manager , Mr . Henderson , last week gave us a lucid exposure of some of the adulterations of the grocery trade , including the cheap , strong-tea drinkers' pet Catechu . —Robert Jones , Secretary . .
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THE STATE OF IRELAND . A meeting " of the tenantry of Mr . Fortescue , whose life has lately been threatened , was held on Friday in Dundalk . It had been called by a circular from Mr . James Arthur . Two Catholic priests attended , one of whom , the Reverend J . Marmion , was the chief spokesman . He said that he objected to the meeting , because Mr . Arthur was a Protestant * and secondly / because in the circular convening the meeting " Ribandism" and " Catholicism" were spoken of as synonymous . He had nothing to say against Mr . Arthur's private character , and only praise _ to bestow on Mr . Fortescue . The upshot of the discussion was that a public meeting should be called for the 19 th instant , for the purpose of expressing " the feeling of the tenantry respecting the outrage alleged to have been offered to their respected landlord , Mr . Fortescue . " The Roman Catholic priests subsequently inserted advertisements in the Dundalk papers , requesting the attendance of the tenantry at the meeting to ' express *' abhorrence" of the ** alleged assassin threat" offered to Mr . Fortescue . It ispossilively asserted that Mr . Fortescue will not leave the country . While the Catholic priests believe that there is no conspiracy , the Belfast Chronicle stoutly maintains that *• there is & conspiracy "; and it publishes an . invidious table , showing that in thirteen townlands the majority of tenants are Protestants and they have all paid up their rent , while the Papists are in arrear .
There is considerable doubt as to how widely the decrees of the Synod of Thurles have been promulgated . Be that as it may , the Queen ' s Colleges have not suffered ; and at present it seems probable that the more enlightened of the Catholic laity will not desert the means afforded by the Government for a home and effective education . Eviction is still going on to a frightful extent in the West . . - It appears by an announcement in the Everting Post that the special commission for the disturbed districts in the North is to open on the 27 th instant . The last commission of a similar kind took place in the country of Westmeath , in January , 1846 .
The Cork Constitution says : — " A large French vessel is now at Queenstown , taking in powder ( 200 tons it is said ) for , if rumour be correct , the Kafirs ! Her Customhouse * clearance' is ' Coast of Africa , ' and she has on board , we understand , 6000 long-range muskets , to be employed in giving effect to the powder . This is the statement ; we cannot , of course , guarantee it ; but it is very generally believed . Might not this vessel be seized in the harbour if her cargo could be proved to be for the purpose to which we have alluded ? Yet where would be the use ? Powder the Kafirs will get , and might we not as well have the profit on its manufacture ? Previous to the war they obtain rather large supplies of it from this ; and we doubt not that it is with it , and with those capital * long ranges ' with which it is Britain ' s misfortune to find even the
most uncivilised of her foes ready to overmatch her miserable muskets , they have been picking down our officers and troops . "
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AMERICAN NEWS . kossuth ' s progress . Kossuth ' s reception in Philadelphia was equal to that at New York . Vast bodies of people assembled to greet him , the clergy , the military , the constituted authorities , waited on him . On the 25 th of December there was a torchlight procession and a serenade ; but Kossuth was too ill to acknowledge the compliment . It was at Philadelphia that he first found an opportunity to speak of Louis Napoleon ' s usurpation , which raised his hopes instead of depressing them . He delivered the speech at" the Citizens' Banquet , " and held that the coup d' 6 tat was all that was needed to rouse the slumbering fire of such a war in Europe as should give freedom to the oppressed and independence to the enslaved . He dwelt at great length on the French news , explaining it and illustrating it ; and winding up by drawing a moral from it to advance his views on the foreign policy of the States .
"But why have I this topio for this occasion ? Why have I dwelt so largely upon it ? First—To show that there is nothing in the news from Franco to arouse that attention which the public opinion of the people of the United Statea have ' been pleased to'bestow upon the question what course this country has to adopt in its foreign policy in respect to European concerns ; but that this news from France—thus forming my prophecy of boinir on the very eve of a crisis in Europe into an accomplished fact—brings that question of foreign policy to your immediate decision , which you cannot further postpone or delay , because oven the very delay of it would bo more than a delay—it would be a positive answer Riven to the expectations of the world , an answer which not only I . but nil the oppressed nations of
Europe , would exactly understand to be as much as to say that the people of the United States have good wishes for the freedom of the European continent ; but in its public capacity as a power on earth it declares not to care whether the public laws of nations are respected or violated by the interference of the strong arm of foreign power oppressing the spirit of freedom in whatever country . Well j gentlemen j it may be that it is the will of the sovereign people of the United States / to give such an answer to the expectations and hopes of the world . { Cries of 4 Afof no *) You will see a mournful tear in the eye of Humanity , its breast heaving with a sorrowful sigh , and the answer must be accepted . Of course , You are mighty and powerful enough not to care about
th ? law of nations , or about the oppression of downtrodden land , and about the funeral of freedom —• the European continent , if you would . I will not speak of the future unavoidable consequences of a lost opportunity to save liberty on earth by assuring the power of the people to its trouble against despotism . No . I will even object in nothing to those who believe that , should even liberty , and nature ' s law , and the law of nature's God , be beaten down on the earth , that can even bring no harm to you ; because you feel powerful enough to defend yourselves , when it will become your own domestic interest to maintain the laws of nature and of nature ' s God in your own particular case . Well , let it be so , if you please . I have , in the name of oppressed nations ,
and of down-trodden liberty , entreated the people of the United States not to fight our battles , but to maintain the law of nations against foreign interference , in order that down-trodden liberty may have have fair play to fight its own battles with its own force . ( Great applause . ) Perhaps you may answer no , no . I have reminded the public opinion of your people that your own statesmen say you , as a nation , have precisel y the same interest in international laws as a private individual has in the laws of his country . Well , you may answer no ; you may answer letevery one take care of himself , and God for us allwe are not the keepers of our brethren in humanity . I took the liberty to remind you that in the hour of your need you have asked , accepted , and received more from ¦ r x "
—__ . W _ ¦ _ ' * : t ^ r % / -k * * Jt ¦¦ 'a ' - dt Europe to help you , than I humbly ask for Europe from you in return . { Longc-ontinued applause . ) I have said that by declaring the sovereign right of every nation to dispose of its own domestic affairs , and inviting England to be united with you in this policy as it has united with you ' when in the South American question , you thought it to be your interest to adopt such a policy , and to unite with . England for it . I have said that all these will bring you in no complication , in no way , because you are powerful , and the word of the powerful will be respected . Well , you may answer me that you do not believe me—that you are . not conscious of your power—that you fear Russia . You may answer , that Russia does not fear you —and that it will not respect your word—that you would
rather be on friendly terms with the Czar than rejoice in the liberty and independence of Hungary , Italy , Germany , France—all this you may answer if you please . Dreadful as it is , I will wipe off the tear of sorrow from my eye , and say to my brethren , Let us pray , and let us go the Lord ' s last supper , and " then to battle and to death . { Great applause—the people rise and cheer . ) I will say to them , there is no help for us but in our trust in God , and in our own good swords . I will leave you , gentlemen , with a dying farewell ; and in giving you this farewell , I will bless you with the warmest wishes of my heart , and pray to God that the sun of freedom may never decline from the horizon of your happy land . ( Applause . ) I will not urge you more about the policy
of not meddling with European concerns ; but one thing , gentlemen , you must allow me to remark , that if the people of the United States intend to give such an unfortunate answer to my humble request , as I was about , by supposition , to say , then you may well adjourn the decision , because you have already answered by not taking any decision at all . But if , happily , the people of the United States were willing to decide otherwise , then let me entreat you to do it , because soon it may be too late . The struggle is begun in Europe . The revolution has broken out . Every day of delay is a decision too late . When a man is swimming , and about to reach the shore of salvation , and a robber is ready to throw him from the shore , and you aay , ' Look , the poor man will be
drowned . We sympathize with him , and we will tomorrow , or the day after , or in a month , consider whether we should allow him to be thrown back in the waves . We will adjourn the question . ' Yourjvery adjournment is a decision , and , to be sure , a very negative one . { Applause . ) Hungary—nay , the European continent—ia in this very condition . I am on my way to Washington . If the Congress of the United States adjourns to come to a decision in respect to your policy pointed out to its consideration by the President in his annual Message—if your national Government delays to answer my humble request , I will understand it is a negative . So much Is true . History has received my humble request , and history is recording the answer of the people , Congress , and Government of the United States . No answer at all will also be reoorded :
it is an answer too clear to be misunderstood . My task here is nearly done . It was a duty imposed on me by Providence , by the confidence of nations , by the voice of peoples , from Sweden down to Italy , and from Hungary across to Portugal , by the expectations aroused by my liberation by your gracious aid . The , confidence may fail—the voice of Europe die like the sound of the wanderer's step in the desert , and the expectation turn out to have been vain . I am in the hands of God , and no man ia too humble to become an instrument in the hands of Providence , if it be God ' s will . So I have done what it was my duty to do—too much at least . Nobody can lay to ray charge that I have not dealt fairly , openly , or left any donbt about what I . wish , request , and humbly ask . ( Applause . ) I am in Philadelphia , the city of brotherly love , the oity founded by William Penn , whoae likeness I eaw this day in a history of your city , with tho
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SO ¦ ¦•' % tWeV * PA 3 WU 3 T ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 17, 1852, page 50, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1918/page/6/
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