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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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the treaties entered into by the United States with the nations of Europe . It is a great scheme of intervention in the aff ^ rs ° f foreign nations , if not by the government , at least by the people of the United States . If the organizationsucceeds . to the extent of its wishes , how long would tie government of the United States Be able to keep from meddling with foreign quarrels ?"
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THE SEARCH AFTER SIR JOHN FRANKLIN . ANOTHEB expedition has returned without throwing any light upon the doubtful fate of the missing Arctic voyagers . The enterprising Dr . John Rae , who commanded the party which started in the early part of last summer , with boats , sledges * and dogs , has arrived at Detroit , in the United States , and has detailed the results of the expedition in the following letter to Mr . A . Barclay , the secretary of -the Hudson ' s Bay Company- in London : — Biddle-houae , Detroit , United States , Feb . 28 , 1852 . " SiBj- ^ -I beg to Acquaint you that I arrived here today , and that my search for Sir John Franklin has been fruitless . ¦ .
" The furthest point reached during the summers voyage on the Arctic Sea , was lafc . 70 deg . 30 min . north , long . 101 deg . west , on Victoria Land , about 80 miles ¦ west of the magnetic pole . Here we were arrested by ice for nearly a fortnight , and despairing of being able to push on further , we commenced our return on the 19 th of August . . " . . ^ " On our way to the Coppermine River , two pieces or wood , the one oat , the other pine , were picked up . The former appeared to be . a stanchedn , * in the upper end of which there had been a hole , through which a chain had evidently been passed . The wood on one side of the hole had been torn away , as if by pressure against the chain . The piece of pine looked like the butt end of a small flagstaff , and had certainly belonged to one of Her Britannic Majesty ' s ships , as there was a piece of line and two copper tacks attached , to it , all of which bore the Government
mark . The thread in the line is red . The hrie , tacks , and portions of the wood are preserved , and shall be delivered to the Admiralty on my reaching England . We had a quick but rough passage of 11 days to the . Coppermine , left one of the boats and ^ quantity of pemmican at the Bloody Fall , ascended the stream with the other boat ; transported it from the Kendal River to Bear Lake in six days , and took it on as far as Athabasca Lake , and two days' journey up Athabasca River , when we were stopped by ice , and obliged to return to Fort Chipewyan on foot . , '"' . ' ' ¦ "On the 17 th of November ( after a detention of three weeks ) the ice having become sufficiently strong for
tra-, velling , I started , in company with eight persona , for the Bed Elver colony , and arrived there on the 10 th of January , having walked all the distance , on snow shoes , in 44 days , exclusive of the detention at the trading posts . " Having several arrangements to make , J . did not leave Red River until the 31 st of January , and in 10 days afterwards arrived at Crow Island , being the quickest journey ever made to that place from the colony . There being little snow further south , my men and dogs were sent back from Crow Inland , while I came on hither by stage
and railroad . " I shall leave New York for England by the steamer of the 10 th of March , and expect to bo in London on or about the 22 nd , when I shall have the honour of handing you a more detailed report of last summer ' s operations , and also a rou gh chart of the . new coast examined , about 600 miles in all , including the shore traced in the overice spring journey . " I am nappy to say that , with two exceptions , the conduct of the party under my command was excellent . "I have the " honour to be , Sir , your most obedient servant , ( Signed ) " John Bab , C . F ., " Commanding A . S . Expedition . "
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THE SCOTT MURRAY-CAMPBELL CONTROVERSY . Mb . Scott Mupbat has published a rejoinder to Lord Campbell ' s reply . Referring to the case of Mr . Whitgreavo ' s shrievalty , in 1837 , Mr . Scott Murray declares , on the authority of the Rev . Mr . Huddleston , the Roman Catholic chaplain on that occasion , and of Mr . Robinson , the under-sheriff of that year , that Mr . Coldwell , Lord Campbell's informant , is certainly mistaken in his recollection of the facts : —" that Mr . Whitgreavo was attended by his Roman Catholic chaplain when he conveyed tlio judges in his carriage ; that his chaplain frequently took his place beside the sheriff in court ; that ho was on such occasions kindly noticed by the judges ; and that from Mr . Justice Bolland ho received an apology for not having invited him to dinner with the grand jury , which the judgo » aid hnd arisen from a mistake . " Since Mr . Scott Murray addressed his first letter to
the Chief Justice , he has become acquainted with another precedent , that of the Hon . Charles Clifford , who was high sheriff of Lincolnshire in tlie year 1844 . In that year the judges , at the Spring Assizes , wore the lato Chief Justice Tindal and Mr . Baron Guraoy ; and at the Summer Assizes , Chief Justice Donman and Mr . Justice Coltman ; and on both occasions the high sheriff , attended by his Roman Catholic chaplain , in the " usual clerical full dress , " rode in the carriage
with the judges , accompanied them into court , and sat by them oh the bench . And this was not allowed to pass by the judges per inciiriam , but with the express assurance of Lord Denman and the other judges , in answer to the . inquiry of the sheriff , that they wished him "to act in all respects as his own religious feelings should dictate . " - Mi * . Scott Murray acknowledges that oh one point he had fallen into an entire misapprehension of Lord Campbell ' s meaning :
" Your Lordship ' s emphatic statement to the grand iury was , that' the Protestant religion is the religion of the judges of this country . ' I anfothers understood this to be the enunciation of a great constitutional principle , whereas your Lordship ' s letter construes it by a videlicet that' all the judges of England who go as judges of assize are Protestants ; ' a 'fact , ' you add , ' uncontested and notorious . ' You also say that you ' cannot imagine that any sheriff , with , the knowledge of this fact , would do anything to offend their Protestant feelings , from a consideration that , in point of law , persons of a different religious persuasion may be appointed judges . ' " So that the " essence" of the high sheriff ' s " misconduct consisted , not in having shown disrespect to the seat of justice , but in his having offended the ' Protestant feelings' of the eminent individual who filled it . "
"As , therefore , the question is no longer one of constitutional right , and as your Lordship is the first Protestant judge who has found personal cause of offence in the presence of a chaplain not of his own religion , I would fain hope that what your Lordship calls the ' incuria , ' but what I should venture to designate the deliberate courtesy and consideration for the feelingsi of others , which has hitherto prevailed on the bench , and which has been sanctioned by the honoured names of Denmani Abinger , Tindal , Gurnev , Bolland , Coltman , Coleridge , Maule , Alderson , and Parke—to omit others unknown to mewill yet continue to operate , and that your Lordships opinion that the personal feelings of a judge of assize are to dictate to a sheriff of a county the character of the superior officers by whom he may think fit to be attended , either in his own carriage or in his . place in court , will not meet with universal acquiescence . "
We hope these are the " last words" of this hitherto not wholly uninteresting controversy , but now " rapidly verging on the confines of the wearisome .
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THE CRYSTAL PALACE . Lettbes have been addressed by Messrs . Fox and Henderson to all the daily papers , complaining of the misconception of Sir Joseph Paxton ' s evidence , which has led the Commissioners appointed by the Lords of the Treasury , to recommend the contract under which the Crystal Palace was constructed should be allowed to take its course , in accordance with which it must be entirely removed before the 1 st of May . This recommendation was principally founded on the belief that a winter garden could be entirely formed for a less sum than would be required to render the Crystal Palace permanent . On this point Messrs . Fox and Henderson remark : — " We have no hesitation in saying that this is a monstrous mistake , and that if the present structure is thrown away , it is simply a wanton destruction of 1180 , 000 ? . worth of public property , which is not likely to be replaced except under an amount of excitement equal to that which produced the Great Exhibition . * ' The building can only now bo preserved by a manifestation of public opinion in its favour , and that the most ample opportunities for that purpose may be afforded , wo shall for the next week throw open the doors to all visitors free of charge . We loavo the fate of tho building to this final court of appeal , confident that if our views are sound they will yet bo carried into effect . "
A correspondent of tho Times , under tho signature " Z ., " declares that there is some manoeuvring going on , and that " public opinion is dreaded . " He thus explains tho matter further : — "By jumbling expenses together , tho Commissioners make Sir JosephPaxton say , in their Report , that the purchase of the building , and the conversion of it into a winter garden , would coat 160 , 000 ? . ; and that for this sum ho could put up a much finor and more appropriate structure . " In tho first place , tho Commissioners have exaggerated Sir Joseph Paxton ' s estimate by 7000 ? . ; next , tho Commissioners arc not candid enough to say that 62 , 000 ? . of
this estimate are chiefly for expenses ' which would bo common to any building for a winter garden , such as warming , walks , heating apparatus , &o . " The fact w , that tho building , which has cost tho public above 100 . 000 ? ., may be purchased for loss than 66 , 000 ? ., and would require an outlay of 26 , 000 ? . to put in thorough repair . So that a total of 92 , 000 ? . would not only purohaHO this building for a winter garden , but bo thomoans of economising a projected outlay of at least 200 , 000 ? . tor additional buddings at tho British Museum . " Sir Joseph Paxton has also written a lotfar of indignant denial .
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DESTITUTION IN THE METROPOLIS . " Dobs it not appear o strange result of the terrible statistics of society , " Bays the Times , " that mxm an average ono person out of twenty of tho inhabitants of this luxurious metropolis is every day destitute of food and employment , and every night without a place for
shelter or repose ? " Rich are we—luxurious ; and charity stretches forth its hundred thousand arms ; yet are there every day one hundred thousand persons who rise in want , if they have a bed to rise from , and who go to rest in want . Destitution is one of our permanent institutions ; it is perennial ; nothing stays it for long . In the Registrar-General ' s Report for 1849 it is stated " that nearly one human being died weekly in this wealthy metropolis from actual starvation . " In the corresponding report for 1851 we find that twenty-eight adults died from starvation , and 252 infants from want of breast-milk or want of food . In the month of December , 1851 , five adults died from starvation , and twenty-nine infants from inanition .
What is the remedy for this state of things ? A society has been formed , which endeavours to give a practical answer to the question , and here are some of the results of their labours : — " During the year 1850-51 this establishment relieved with soup and bread 54 , 208 poor persons at the Kitchen ; 141 , 362 with two quarts of soup axid portions of bread , at their own homes ; 7405 were providedat the Refuge with clean , comfortable beds , suppers , and breakfasts ; 1687 gallons of soup and 908 quartern loaves were given to the
Ragged Schools ; 113 , 714 men , women , and children accommodated at the lavatories and waterclosets ; and 285 men and 374 women obtained good situations at the Free Registry . On Christmas-day last , 22 , 500 persons enjoyed good Christmas fare of roast beef and plum-pudding , besides presents of tea , coffee , sugar , &c . ; 2973 children of Ragged Schools had a similar dinner given to them ; and , during the last month of December , 15 , 078 poor peop le were relieved with soup and bread at the Kitchen ; 21 , 571 at their homes ; 783 with a bed , supper , and breakfast ; and 17 , 859 visited the lavatories , waterclosets , &c . "
As may be inferred from the preceding extract from their report , the efforts of the society are mainly directed to the establishment of a number of asylums throughout the metropolis in which the destitute denizens of London may meet with one or other of the four following forms of relief : —1 st , a soup kitchen ; 2 nd , a refuge for nightly shelter ; 3 rd , a free registry for procuring situations and work for servants and labourers ; 4 th , a free lavatory , &c . The figures given above represent the success which has already attended the efforts of the society at their institution in Leicester-square . 'It is a brave work , and that success may attend it is our hearty wish .
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LIFE OF A "MAN ABOUT TOWN . " A CASE illustrative of the manners and customs of sporting men about town was tried at the Guildhall , Westminster , on Wednesday , before Mr . Witham , and a bench of magistrates . Two brothers , John Phineas Davis , and David John Davis , solicitors , at 5 , Holies-street , Cavendish-square , had been largely connected in sporting transactions with Mr . John O'Brien , described by his counsel as a " gentleman of great respectability , " educated at Trinity College , Dublin , where he had not taken a degree , and living on his own means , at tlie Talbot Hotel , Richmond . Mr . Ballantine , counsel for the Davises , ( who surrendered to take their trial for assaulting Mr . O'Brien , and beating him severely with large sticks in the Haymarket , ) drew out from O'Brien
in cross-examination , that the difference commenced by tho Messrs . Davis being employed adverse to him in an affair in which he was charged with having obtained bills , fraudulently , to the amount of several thousand pounds from a Mr . Clifton . At first he said that he thought he ought not to be compelled to state what tho exact amount was . Then he said ho could nob swear how many thousand pounds he was charged with defrauding Mr . Clifton of , but he believed that he had claimed 8400 ? . aa money lent , and as an arrangement tor assisting him out of a scrape . To the best of his knowledge and belief ho had never advised Mr . Clifton , to say that his kneecap was broken , and that he jrea going to remain in London , and thenco going to Clifton ; " but if I have said so , you can produce the letter if
you have one . A letter was then handed up to Mr . O'Brien , which he acknowledged to be his , and offered to read it himsolf . It was as follows : — " Friday . "My dbab Cmbton , —I did not receive your lottor yesterday till after post time . Poole will give you your things . I havo arranged with Bennett to pay your Scotch debts ; I put them down as 260 ? . Tho place in Scotland will bo in , your name , otherwise you may bo arrested ; this also I havo arranged . So holp mo , my , you ought to givo mo a largo annual allowance to attend to Jrour affairs . It has cost me since I camo to London « fc oast 60 ? . in , cab hire , and I owo my arroat to waiting in town to do your business .
" Now , as to taking you on a capias , tho law says , if a man expresses an intention to leave England ho can be hold to bail . I am afraid they could prove you was going to Scotland . If you were not going to Scotland , or had not expressed an intontion of going , no capias would touch you . But I tell you what you will do , and this will bo an effectual bar to a oapicuf- ^ writo me a letter saying you Jwye brokea tho cap of your kaee , wul that you w »
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Mabgh 27 , 1852 ] THE LEADER . ; , * ft
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Leader (1850-1860), March 27, 1852, page 293, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1928/page/9/
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