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Mnther who have assisted us , so that we should arrive here and behold this 6 ea , •? , f ?„ „« that we may enioy all that there is in it . ' m - Every greaJ aboriginal i&m has a prospective greatness not alone from the xv Itlnhhe man who achieves it , hut from the various aspects and high thoughts ^ f the same i will continue to present and call up in the minds of others 11 ? I Za it may be , of all time . And so a remarkable event may go on acquiring t 0 t ° Z mor ^ si gnificance . In this case , our knowledge that the Pactfc , which vZco NmSz then beheld , occupies more than one half of the earth ' s surface , as an i ^ ent of thought which in our minds lig htens up and gives an awe to this first of his upon those mighty waters . To him the scene might not at that m ^ nt have suggested much more than it would have done to a mere conqueror ™ S Peter Martyr likens Vasco Nunez to Hannibal showing Italy to his
S We could go on quoting and quoting indefinitely , but enough has been quoted to give the reader a familiar idea of the contents of this work , and so we leave it , anxiously awaiting the continuation .
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NOTICES OP BOOKS . fhmU Electors to Sleet I—Ten Minutes Talk on the Ballot . Illustrated by Diagrams . 9 Jelinger Symons , Esq ., Barrister-at-Law , &c . Effingham Wilson . This is a very admirable and timely pamphlet , by a writer eminently entitled to consideration and respect from his long official experience , clearly and succinctly disposing of the current and cant objections to secret voting in a few sentences , thrown into the form of questions and answers . For instance , the most received and most commonplace accusation against the ballot is , that it is " un-English . " Observe how Mr . Jelinger Symons dismisses this ridiculous pretension : — « I wish every elector to have the power of voting entirely according to his own will . I object to the ballot solely because I think it attended with great evils , and that it would not effectively prevent the foul influences . First of all , the Ballot is not an English , that is to say , a manly mode of voting . " B . Whether the ballot be English or not , in the sense in which you apply the term , entirely resolves itself into the general question—whether it be good or bad ? If the ballot is shown to prevent corruption , bribery , and intimidation , it is good ; and what is good , is , I presume , not un-English ; unless bribes and bullying are manly and English , which God forbid any Englishman should consider them . How can you call that cowardly in poor men , which rich men and great military heroes resort to daily in their clubs , when they ballot for members , to protect themselves from the resentment of the gentlemen they blackball in secrecy ? They don't seem to think it unmanly or un-English . You have an evident prejudice against the
ballot because it is secret . Now secrecy abstractedly is good or bad according to the purpose to which it is applied . There are many things which it is right to ^ do secretly , and which it were wrong to do openly . There is no reason why voting should not be as well done in secret as in public , especially when rich and powerful men set the example . Immense evils are admitted to exist under open voting : every attempt has been made to remedy these evils consistently with open voting , and they have all signally failed . If these evils can be remedied by secrecy , surely secrecy becomes a benefit . The most I can admit you is , that the question resolves itself into a balance between the iniquities of the public system , and an abstract dislike to secrecy , though realizing immense and positive good . "
Would the ballot destroy the influence of property , as landowners , who drive their tenants up to the poll like their own cattle , assert : — "B . I bolicve , on the contrary , " replies Mr . Symons , "that it would greatly enhance the just and legitimate influence of property ; whilst to its manifold abuses it would prove a death-blow . The man of property who diffuses around him the kindly influences of chanty , kindness , and sympathy—who applies his wealth to the alleviation of the wants and sufferings of the poor—who is a kind neighbour , a liberal landlord , and ii just man—will find lrmself possessed of a degree of moral influence and real power , which not all the gold of Croesus could purchase , and which being based in the hearts of the people , will operate just as strongly and jus * , as surely in secret as in publio . To this moral influence , and to the cultivation of judgment and thought among the people , I am convinced the ballot would force the aristocracy to have recourse . " The results of universal suffrage and the ballot in France are often triumphantly appealed to by the denouncer of " un-English " practices : —
"B . In the abuse of n thing an argument against its proper use ? You may destroy the effect of any system by violence or fraud . "A . Some people think that many of the voters are too ignorant to know how to vote . " It . The ballot will be an excellent motive to the aristocracy to instruct them . Hut this is a point which refers to the suffrage , and not to the ballot . " . // . Are not the two connected ? " Ji . Not necessarily ; though in one sense the ballot would at once extend the . sullYnge , for it would enfranchise the constiluenvi / , of whom one-half arc enslaved , and therefore mere tools to otherH . I must again remind you that the ballot is alone to he regarded as realizing that poiver in electors which it 5 s unconstitutional and criminal to deny . "
The want , of voters Iirh been once more shamefully eonppieuouN these hint lew days , notably in Westminster , whore the show of hundH was all one way and the votes ( under lady-like intimidation ) another . The pamphlet , is accompanied witk diagrams illustrating tho practical application of the ballot to eleetioiiH .
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HOOKS ONT OUR TAIILK . lint lev ' s Aiialni / i / of lUUqion , Natural and Revealed ; to toltlch are added , Twnhrief Dissertations ' <» i Personal , ldentitj / and tho Nature , of Virtue . ; and Fifteen Hermans . New Kdition , with Aniily ' l . iail Introduction , Explanatory Nof , en , find uri Indox . Hy » , Member of tho University of Oxford , ( liohrin standard Library , ) ¦ r ii . a . iioim . Tiiih edition of the great bulwark of orthodoxy , . ' fintier ' s Analogy , has a very valuable addition in the nhupo of a luminous analysis prefixed to tho work , and Hoint > analytic recapitulations . . } n tho footnotes , which will greatly facilitate tho render ' s comprehension of the chain of argument . An index also is given . Jn Npite of this work beijifr old au < l well known , we fool a . strong temptation to grapple with its main positions ; and may still , at some more leisure season , gratify that donii-o . Meanwhile , an it is the busuiCHS of nil udvocutun of frco thought to mako
themselves acquainted with the strongest works on both sides , we recommend Butler's Analogy to students . Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America . By A-yoii Humboldt and A . Bonpland . Translated by Thomasina Boss . In Three Tola . ( Bohn ' s Scientific Library . ) Vol . II . H . Gh Bonn . The second volume of Humboldt ' s travels in Mr . Bohn ' s English edition : a work which surpasses , both in solidity and in interest , almost every book of travels pretending to scientific value .
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The Past and Future of Hungary . By C . T . Henningsen . T . C . Newby Colburn ' s United Service Magazine . P ™ " *^ Memoirs of Lord . Langdale . By T . D . Hardy . 2 vols . «• ^ "fy Bentley ' 8 Miscellany . £ 5 !}® J JBentley ' s Shilling Series . —Broad Grins from China . ¦»• ^ ££ Fraser ' s Magazine . nai J- W . Parker and Son The People ' s Illustrated Journal . Part II . Ofhce , 11 , Bouvene-street . Bleak House . Part V . Bradbury and Evgn ? . Writings of Douqlas Jerrold—Calces and Ale . Part II . _ ¦ Punch Office .
Sponged ^ poH ^ g Tour . 3 F&WS ** E £ jtoJehotfNarri tive . 1 « , Wellington-street Musical Times . A - £ ™ 3 £ JIandeVs Oratorio . . ,, - ° T p ° The Picture Pleasure Book . Part III . Add *? « £ * £ The Golden Bird . Part III . -f ddey and Co The Charm : a Magazine for Boys and Girls . Part III . t £% ,. «««« The Westminster Lview . * o « . f ° ^ , FaSS £ Tait' 8 Edinburgh Magazine . Sutherland and Knoi Penny Maps . * Chapman and Hall Falconry in the Valley of the Indus . By R . F . Burton . _ n , _ . , J . van voorss Walks after Wild Flowers : or , the Botany of the Bohereeus . By Dowden ( EicnardJ Voorst Ch
The Journal of Psychological Medicine and Mental Pathology . J . ° ^ ^ ° ^ Z The New Quarterly Review . Part III . H ° r ££ Lawson ' s Merchants' Magazine . _ _ _ il'st-A aXZ " The Poetical Remains of William Sidney Walker . By Rev . J . Moultne . J . W . Parker ana Bon , The Drama of a IAfe , and Aspiranda . By J . A . Langford . t rwu » li ' The History ofthe Painters of all Nations . By M . Charles Blanc . d . oaaseu , Discovery of America , Conquest of Mexico , and Conquest of Peru . By Dr . ^ lreener . ^ ^ The Physician ' s Holiday ; or , a Month in Switzerland in the Summer of 1848 . ^ By J . * £ r ^ C ( J The Zoist . No . XXVIII . ^ „ _ _ .. -p 'J ^ S ® Bohn ' s Scientific Library—On the Power , Wisdom , and Goodness of God . By the Kej VV ^ . * urDy Bohn ' s Classical Library—The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero . By C . D . Yong ^ . £ ol . T £ Bohn ' s Standard Library—Memorials of Christian Life in the Early and Middle A S * ' - B J ? { £ Augustus Neander . ^ . / r " Bohn ' s Standard Library—Frederika Bremer ' s Works . Translated by Mary Howm . ^ ^^ Blondelle : A Story of the Day . R < Bentley
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COMTE'S POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY . By Gr . H . Lewes . Part XIV . —The Science of Life . I now approach the great and intensely interesting Science of life , improperly called Physiology , a name which it must continue for some time to bear , because certain quacks with customary ignorance have vulgarized and distorted the term Biology , and applied it , in contempt of Greek and science , to their Mesmeric operations . Matter endowed with a peculiar property , by us named vital force ; having the faculty of nourishing itself , of reproducing itself , and , in its higher complications , of feeling ; nourishing itself by a process which is identical throughout the whole series of organized beings—namely , by cellular formation ; reproducing itself also by an identical pr ocess—cellular fission ; possessing , in the animal series , sensibility and locomotion , m virtue of two special tissues , the nervous and th e muscular exhibiting itself in a wondrous progression of combinations from the structureless cell of the lowest plants , up to the complex structure of the hig hest animals ; acting in strict conformity with certain laws , chemical and vital , and so producing all the variety of organized beings ; becoming more and more heterogeneous in organs and functions as it ascends the scale ; passing through determinate stages of germination , growth , maturity , decline , and death ; everywhere indissolubly connected with the great Life of the Whole , and speaking in mysterious hieroglyphics , we but dimly interpret , of that " allencompassing and all-sustaining" Power , the burden and the mystery of which for over presses on our souls—that is the object of Biology . To it all the other sciences are torches . It is the torch whereby we can look
upon the final Social Science . The study of Man and the study of the external world constitute the eternal two-fold problem of philosophy . As Comte says , each of these may serve as the point of departure of tluer other . II ence two radically opposed philosophies—one proceeding to consider the world according to our subjective conceptions—that is to say , explaining eosmical p henomena by the analogies of our internal sentiments and affectioi is ; the other proceeding to consider man as subordinate to the laws of tl le external world , and as explicable only by the explanations- of the propert ics of mutter
recognised in operation in the external world . The forme r of these philosophies is , as I have endeavoured to > demo-natratc in the Biographical History of Philosophy , essentially metaphysical and theo logical . It rests upon the old assumption of man ' s miiul being the nornia . 1 measure of all things : it makes law the correlate of'idea ; it makes the i iniverse subordinate to man . The second is the scientific and positive phL losophy . That the Metaphysical Method should predominate in th e study of Life , long after it bus disappeared from Physics , and only lurks it i odd corners of Chemistry , every one sees to be a natural consequence , amd accordingl y
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jDL y 10 , 1852 ] T H E LEADER . fl 65
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We should do our utmost to encourage the Beautiful , for the Useful encourage itself . —Goethe .
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Leader (1850-1860), July 10, 1852, page 665, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1942/page/21/
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