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nd the effect in the country is not less formidable than it is in Paris . Au election of deputies is about to take place at Paris , to replace MM . Cavaignac and Carnot , who refused ' to take the oaths . An idea is very seriously entertained of re-electing them both , as a warning to the powers that be . M . Henon , too , has to be replaced at Lyons ; but-the Moniteur , which convokes the electoral colleges at Paris , maintains a strict silence about Lyons . Nb doubt the Elysee is anxious to know the result of the Paris elections before venturing to confront that of Lyons . For it is Lyons , in truth , that has iusfc named as councillors-general MM . Jules Favre
and Sain , both of whom have addressed to Bonaparte a very strong letter , refusing to take the oaths . Bonaparte has just received another affront . Several representatives have declined to return to France ; among others , M . Renaud is spoken of as having written a very sharp letter to the Elysee , explaining his refusal . The Moniteur registers daily a host of nominations in the Legion of Honour . It has been remarked as significant , that not a single member of the magistracy of Paris , nor of the National Guard , has received the cross in the midst of an avalanche of decorations . This does not go far towards proving that the Magistracy and the National Guard of Paris are much disposed in
favour of Bonaparte . The official journals would have us believe the contrary . Since the 15 th , there has been an increase of arrests in Paris . Everybody seems to be arrested about everything . Two persons stand still on the Boulevards to talk politics ; the sergens de ville arrest them . In the course of conversation you happen to bestow some rather lively epithet on Bonaparte—you are instantly arrested . If you look askance at a sergent de ville , you are done for . Perhaps when everybody has been arrested , Bonaparte will arrest himself .
The prisons are full . It is said that the Prefecture de Police is full of mere lads , confined since the 15 th for having cried Vive la Hepubligrue—a , crime for which they are suffering in miserable cells . Domiciliary visits are recommencing in Paris and in the provinces . The Journal de Castre states that a visit was paid on Friday last by the gendarmerie and the police , to the houses of MM . Frederic Thomas , Nanzieres , Pieglowski , and Negrel , at Oostres . Many municipal councils are dissolved , for having dared to re-elect the members who had refused to take the oaths . The
council of St . Flour is in that predicament . The press is deluged with " warnings ; " but these warnings proceed exclusively from the Prefects , who cannot act without having previously consulted the Ministry of Police . A journal of Toulouse , the Gazette de Languedoc , has just been suspended for two months . Two heads , of men condemned for political offences , have fallen on the scaffold . These wretched victims of the more successful rebel's justice were two operatives
of Beziers , Abel Cadelard and Joseph Laurent ; one an old man of sixty , the other a young man of 23 . They passed through the town on the fatal cart in the midst of a weeping and sobbing population . No one looked upon the instrument of vengeance , or sanctioned by presence the judicial assassination . The market of Beziers was opened after the execution on the very ground where the scaffold had stood , but on tliat day none came to buy or to sell . S .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . M . do Pkusiony arrived in London on Thursday : whether in an official or semi-official capacity , or on a private visit , < lo <\ s not yet appear . Lord . Cowley , our ambassador to Franco , is now absent i ' rom his post , en conge " . Gonoral Maarian , in hip capacity of President of tho ( I enoral Council of the Lower Rhine , made a declaration which is jronorally considered of groat importance . Ho announced a reduction of the ariny in the following terms : — " Yesterday , at tho moment when I was taking iny leave , the Prince President told mo that ho wus engaged in considering the formation of a strong and solid military rcisarve , which , without compromising tho respect and dignit y of France , would enable him to effect the economies which he desires to introduce in tho public taxation . " Tho ituit ia that tho French Government is placed in a dilemma between reduction of the army or increased taxation . The latter is impossible , and retrenchment if ) indis pensable . Tho architect of the Klysco has drawn up a report , alter tlue investigation , on the fire which lately broke out at the Klysoo , and has road his work to the President . Tho leport concludes that the lire- was not accidentally oc-< "iuuon »« d , as hod been supposed , by tho overheating of a wiveuui
" , was tho result of malice j > repense on the part of persona who gained access to tho promises , certain artificial < 'o « ikl > UHtibloH having bean discovered in the bureau of the iohiJent ' s cabinet . The President , having listened calmly to the report , said at tho close , " No , it was tho stove /' i lie conclusions of the report will not , thorefore , bo made ollicinl ty public . i ho Uulletin d «« Tauh contains a decree from tho Prouient of the Republic , by which several retiring pensions are accor ded to 75 persons belonging to tho army . At tho ml oi tu o t » Mo which aoownpttuios th > docreo jwro tfw
names of Generals Bedeau and Changarnier , but not those of Generals de Lamoriciere and Leno . The pension assigned to the two former is 6000 f . each . The Moniteur announces that the Minister for Foreign . Affairs signed two treaties , on Sunday last , with the Plenipotentiaries of the Belgian Government , the first reciprocally guaranteeing all property in literary works and works of art ; the second making certain modifications in the Customs tariff . A pamphlet , called Les Nuits de St . Cloud ; ou , les Deux Cours , has been seized by the police at Brussels , on the complaint of the French Minister ; and a judicial prosecution has been commenced against the publishers . The French Mediterranean squadron has been at Cagliari ( Sardinia ^ , and was at Kaples on the loth instant , assisting at religious fetes , and exchanging compliments and hospitalities with the Court .
The British squadron sailed from Gibraltar for the coast of Syria on the 16 th , after having exercised the seamen and marines in gunnery practice , &c , on the neutral ground of the Hock . Mischief seems to be brewing in the Levant . The recent change of Ministry at Constantinople , by which Reschid Pasha , the Grand Vizier , has been dismissed , and Ali Pasha , a friend to Russia , appointed in his stead , with Fuad Effendi ( a friend of France ) in the Foreign department , render the presence of tho English fleet in these waters of consequence . The recent demands of the French Government in the Tripoli affair ( for the surrender of two French deserters ) , the presence of the Charlemagne , the screw line-of-battle ship , in the Golden Horn , and the fresh exigencies of the French ambassador in the question of the Hol y Sepulchre—a question always conveniently revived for diplomatic purposes—seem to indicate that the absence of Lord Stratford is already felt at Constantinople .
A correspondent of the Daily News , dating Constantinople , Aug . 6 3 says , " Destructive fires occur now daily in Constantinople . From the 1 st to the 6 th of August , eleven great fires raged , the city being on the first day on fire at five different places . The Turks believe that incendiarism is insti-¦ gated by the Russians , in order to excite an insurrection , and so much the more that several noted Greek desperados from the Peninsula have been seen in Constantinople . There are now three different parties in Turkey—the Sultan , the army , and the reformers , leu by Reshid Pacha , are the first ; the second is the conservative party of old Turkey ,
with the Muftis and Ulemas , priests and lawyers , under the guidance of the Sultan ' s brother ; they enjoy now the patronage of Russia , and denounce the Sultan so openly for his reforms , that it became necessary to arrest on the 4 th three Turkish priests , who incited the people to insurrection . The third party are the Greeks and Armenians , all of them tools of Russia . The wealthy Turks are frightened out of their wits ; they firmly believe in an outbreak towards the end of the month , which would give a pretext to the Russians foi * an armed interference , and many families leave town on account of the approaching
. "At the same time tidings have arrived from Odessa that a great camp is to be formed and a review held by the Czar in the plain of Akerman , the number of troops concentrated amounting to about 200 , 000 . The Emperor of Austria is invited to this review ( so they say here in Constantinople ) : and in Moldavia and Wallachia the arrival of Russian troops is 6 poken of as to take place in a short time , aa a corps either of observation or of occupation ; and strong Russian detachments are moving along tho Gallician frontier towards the south . " The Augsburgh Gazette contains a letter dated the 8 th inst . from the banks of the Po , from which it appears that the Austrian authorities have been giving a fresh instance of their brutality .
An English tourist was quietly sketching the picturesque amphitheatre of tho old city of tho Montagues and Capulets , when ho was accosted by an Austrian sentry , who commanded him to desist . Upon declining to comply with this military prohibition he was arrested and tlirown into prison , whore he was detained for several days . After his liberation , this martyr of tho pencil was thrust unceremoniously out of fcho city , and conducted by Austrian gendarmes out of tho territory , subjected to the mild sway of Marshal lladetzky . The Gazette says that the Englishman called upon tho commandant of tho fortress to apologise to him , but that this demand was refused . J To then applied to tho Earl of Westmoreland , at that moment at Venice , for redress .
Tho Earl of Westmoreland ' s arrival at Flovonco ih announced , but whether to conduct an orchestra in tliat city , or to apologiso to tho Austrian commander for tho Hooming exigencies of our For « ign-ofuco in tho Mather case , does not appear . Justus Liebig ceased , on the 201 h inst ., to be Professor of Chemistry in tho University of Giesaon , in tho electorate of Hesse-Cassol , after having lived there in that capacity during the long period of twenty-eight years . Ueforo commencing his duties as professor in Munich , he intends to visit Russia . Dr . Liebig was born in Darmstadt in 1 H 03 , and JLumboldt procured for him tho appointment at ( Jiosson . Liobig was long tho chief ornament of the University of GicHHon , and his departure is an irreparable loss to the Electorate .
The Vienna Gazette of the 22 nd contains tho following sentences of the court-martial sitting at Iiormunstadt : — Count Joseph I Taller , aged 3 . % of WeiHskirchen , in Trunriylvania , landed proprietor , and tho Kov . Francis Nagy , aged 03 , of Gyorgy , reformed pastor , to b ( 5 hung for high treason , their property being also confiscated . The Emperor has since commuted the punishment to ten years imprisonment in the case of tho younger , and fourteen in that of tho venerable prisoner ; the confiscation being maintained . Three yeomen charged with homicide during tho civil war , and sentenced to various terms of imprison ^ mont by tho court martial , now receive a remission of half tho punishment . A subsequent notification in tho Gazette states that tho functions of tho Hungarian court-martials aro now suspended . Tho trial of Mogsrs . Guorrsuei and Eomanollicommnncod
at Florence on the 16 th inst . ; but was adjourned for ten days on the 17 th , on account of the state of health of the accused . M . Guerrazzi has for some time been subject to epileptic fits , tho attacks of which . have lately been very frequent . By the last accounts from "Warsaw the cholera was rapidly spreading , and the disease increasing in intensity ; the police report of the 13 th inst . shows that nearly half of the cases ended fatally . The Prince Statthalter had given 800 silver rubles to the committees for the hospitals . On the above date there were 650 persons attacked , of whom 244 died , 263 recovered , and there remained under treatmen 1 , 483 . Tho alarm among the population of the city
e . There is now no doubt that the cholera is advancing from Poland , in two directions , north and west , as it is prevailing in several districts both in Silesia , the old province of Prussia , and the Polish part of the Duchy of Posen ; and the general tenour of the last accounts from all these districts is very unsatisfactory . A private letter from Warsaw , of the 17 th instant , gives the following account of the origin of the scourge which is at present committin g such ravages : — " It was thought expedient some time since to make some improvements in the small town of Lask , near KaJisch . ^ For that purpose it was found necessary to make excavations in the cemetery where the victims of the cholera of 1832 had been interred . Almost immediately afterwards the operatives employed in the work were attacked with cholera , and every one of them died . Since then it has spread , and is attended with more than ordinary mortality . '
The Hanoverian Government has just published an order forbidding all meetings of Anabaptists , and threatening with imprisonment any foreign missiondfcy of that sect who shall attempt to preach in the Hanoverian territory . Haynau is not yet forgotten , nor is the reception he met with at the hands of Barclay and Perkins ' s draymen . The Brussels papers publish accounts of a tumultuous reception he has lately experienced in that city . It appears that the Marshal was present at the Brussels Vauxhall on Sunday evening last , whilst a concert was taking place . "At nine o ' clock ( says tho Echo ) the Marshal showed himself in the garden , and was immediately surrounded by a curious crowd of about two hundred persons .
His attitude , it was noticed , had something theatrical about it . It being apparent that a demonstration was about to take place , General Chazal , of the Belgian service , who was in the garden , went up to the Marshal , and entered into conversation with him , hoping by his presence to overawe the rising feeling . A few moments passed , and no manifestation took place , the crowd meanwhile increasing very rapidly . M . Singelee , the director of the garden , caused the orchestra to play two favourite pieces , in the expectation that the attention of the crowd would be withdrawn from his uneasy guest ; but in vain . Hisses were heard ; then some very pointed observations
were addressed to Haynau on his share in the Hungarian war , while the majority of the multitude cried , ' Turn him out—turn him out . ' M . Chazal essayed to address the people and assuage the storm , but was not listened to , and the tumultuous excitement rose still higher . Meanwhile messengers had been sent to tho police-station and barracks , and shortly tho officers arrived , together with a file of soldiers . A number of arrests took place , but the persons being all of character and position , were released immediately . After this , Haynau remained somo little time at the concert , guarded by a knot of Belgian officers , and followed by the spectators in all his movements . As he returned from the concert to his hotel ho
was again hissed , and a number of uncomplimentary erica wero hoard , but no violence was practised . ' The Indcpendance Beige of Tuesday haa the following on the subject : —'" Wo did not hesitate to express our consure upon tho culpable manifestation which took place on Sunday evening at the Vauxhall againtst Murshal Haynau—an act unjustifiablo against a stranger , protected as well by tho laws of the land as by the duties of hospitality . To-day , we regret to say , that wo have to notice an act of bravado and provocation on the part of Marshal Haynau , which tho duties of hospitality , not to mention many other considerations , ought to havo prevented him from perpetrating . Yesterday evening , at half-past six , —that is to say before the commencement of
the concert—Marshal Haynau entered the Vauxhall and took hit * place , with a certain affectation , at' the very tablo at which ho was seated on Sunday . Wo can only look upon this proceeding as an error of tact , whilst others beheld in it an act of defiance . At all events , we are of opinion that tho fact that hia presence iiv tho grounds had been the cause of , we own very culpable , disturbances , ought to have restrained him from a step which was of a nature to lead to a repetition of them , out of consideration to tho State in which he was sojourning , an also for the men who camo voluntarily forward to protest against tho outrage offered to him . The authorities wore , however , prepared
to put down any attempt at disturbance . Moreover , tho public common sense rendered the precautions needless . Marshal Haynau wus allowed to remain undisturbed at his seat till tho end of tho performance . A mob of noino hundred prople then followed him to Inn hotel , somo singing patriotic airH , intermixed with groans and binned . Some few of tho dinordorly wore arrested . Thin morning Marshal Haynau loft IiruHsclti for Paris . Wo regard this speedy departure as au indication that tho marshal Iihh felt himself that Jus conduct yesterday evening wan very injudicious . '" Under the present regime , Marsluil Haynau will bo " quite at homo" in 1 ' iiria . With the hero of the 'Jnd of . December mich a man Hhould bo a favoured guest .
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INTERNATIONAL POSTAGE . Tn R association recently formed to promote chief international postage him Lsr-iuod u circular proposing tUe following plan : —
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Avqvbt 28 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 81 ?
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 28, 1852, page 817, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1949/page/5/
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