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the nation , giddy , apathetic , inconstant , violent , and slavish : a type , too , of that centralization which enmeshes , and of that functionarism which degrades . The Ministers are found disputing the perilous privilege of waiting qpaij tlieir matter ; and the Generals , who did the felbody worK in December , and staked their heads dp . the success of the crime , are plotting a Ttftimvirate to
succeed the President—in ease of evbftfs . The Empire is for the' next 2 nd tit December , barring accidents . We have always said that the worst thing that could happen for the cause of liberty in France would be an abrupt termination of M . Louis Bonaparte ' s career . France is not yet ripe for freedom ; nor does she deserve it : sick of disorder , but not of servitude , her purgation is not yet complete .
Louis Bonaparte has found a ready mimic m his nigger prototype , Emperor Soulouque , who , through his Consul at Hamburgh , has solemnly warned the European Press , and threatened caricaturists with reprisals . Soulouque will be making an international insult of the " African Opera Company" in the Strand , " and demanding the " Bones" of Pell from our Lord Chamberlain Ethiopian serenaders , beware !
Sir Harry Smith is well out of the Cape troubles , and appears more in his element reviewing the militia of the Channel Islands with soldierly encouragement . The declarations of a veteran , as to the power inherent in a citizen soldiery , may carry that conviction into quarters where the truest history from a civilian pen would fail . The British politician would do well to compare the pathetic appeals made by Sir Harry Smith ' s successor , to the citizen soldiery -at the Cape—his own mercenaries insufficient for their task—with the career
of conquest in which the citizen soldiery of America is advancing unchecked . There is indeed a citizen soldiery in our own country , which is making its conquests against greater odds than Indian or Mexican can offer . The Sanitary Reformers , though coldly supported by the public hitherto , andbetrayed by officials who pretended to help them , are gradually bringing town after town under their rule , and have now , at Tottenham , taken an outpost of the metropolis
itself . The works for drainage and water supply in that suburb have been officially inspected by the Board of Health , and are pronounced to be good In the midst of reaction or stagnation , other movements , of the quiet order , are proceeding . As the Sanitary Reformers are establishing themselves in Tottenham , while furious bullocks are ranging Clare-market ; so , while stupid audiences are gaping at the ascent of Monsieur Poitevin on his
dangling pony , Lord Rosse is explaining to the British Association how he polishes his great telescope , or Mr . Locke is telling how Ireland is regenerated ; and while the miracle protectionists of Ipswich art ; pursuing their Laputan investigation into the phu'iiomena of Elizabeth Sqwirrell , the agricultural Protectionists , no longer clamouring for seventy shillings a quarter , are vigorously testing tlu ; capacities of reaping machines , by practical experiment .
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AFFAIR OK THK . LOItOM ISLANDS . Pkksidknt Kn . iiMOKK has oomnmniciitod the norrespondenee which has passed between Mr . Ohuui , tlio . Peruvian Minister at Washington , and Mr . Webster , to Congress . The date * ofthe letters are from August tin ; ' Avd to the Hint . On the part of his Government- , Mr . Osnia . assorts the right of Peru to all the Lobos Islands , on the ground that she has always exercised authority over them ; that they belong to . Pern , as they formerly -belonged to Spain ; and that from time immemorial the Peruvian Indians have been in the habit of visiting them lor the purpose of catehing Heals , killing birds , and gathering eggs , and that this exeluslvo right to the islands 1 > y Peru lian never been doubled or disputed .
Mr . Webster states that he does not rely on the " supposed discovery of Captain Morroll , as founding an exclusive right to the Lobos Mauds on the part ol tho United States . It wiih only mentioned an u fact tit to bo considered in common with other i ' ueta anil
occurrences . The t | uth jidpfcaj-a ' $ 6 be that Captain Morrell was on a vojjfge of djscoVdry , and he did in fact discover , or was supposed to nave discovered , guano on these islands . " . In reply tfij $ fae ' allegations of Mr . Osina , Mr . Wot )? stoat puts Ui ft prior claim oil behalf of the Ultftecl Strifes , on the . ground that Amfetfcan fishermen have lpMjised ttie islands ; ^ 'Tf Tisheries ^ find the pursuit of amp hibious animals , es-E eeifllry the Jejtt , have Jong been , i $ 3 rried p $ around their ibres , and even pii ' fkdae shoref $ j £ nise } Y&fc since it is w § U known that seats &re usually taken an ? L killed upon me land . In these pursuits and in this use of the islands , citizens of the United States were engaged for half a century before any actual interruption took place by the Peruvian Government or anybody elae ; their visits to them having commenced at least as early as 1793 . All this is well known to the commercial world . "
And he further contends that seal fishing was as much an invasion as the taking of guano . " Nevertheless , no complaint was made of this course of things , nor any interruption attempted or threatened , until September , 1833 , in which month , as it would now appear , a decree was issued by the Peruvian Government , prohibiting foreigners from fishing for seals and amphibious animals on the shores and islands of Peru , and declaring that the captains of foreign vessels who evaded the order should be considered as smugglers . It is important to observe that this decree was issued after the publication of Captain MorreU ' s narrative . "
Against this decree the Charge d Affaires at Lima protested . " Without formally denying the original right of Peru , he requested a reconsideration of the decree , or that it might be so far modified as to permit to the citizens of the United States the pursuit of an occupation which they had been allowed quietly to follow for a number of years . " Mr . Webster then asks , " Can Mr . Osma ' s averment therefore be maintained , in which he asserts the universal and absolute sovereignty of Peru never to have been denied or questioned by any Government ?"
Mr . Webster gets rid ofthe decision of the English Government by asserting that the two cases are widely different ; and that Lord Palmerston gave in to the Peruvian claim because the English had not the ground which the United States have , of " long and uninterrupted usage . " * But he has another reason , expressed as follows : — " Mr . Osma refers to a decision of the English Government , and observes that , as both the mercantile and agricultural classes in the British empire have a strong interest adverse to the claim of Peru , if the British Government has decided in favour of that claim , that decision must bo ascribed to considerations sufficient to outweigh a regard for tho interests of British farmers and shipowners . "
Mr . Webster disputes the authority of Alcedo , the great Spanish geographer , who describes the Lobos as Spanish possessions , because Alcedo was a Spaniard , speaking geographically , and not on political rights ! " In this case , therefore , the authority of Alcedo cannot be rogarded as decisive . In order that it should be so considered , tho undersigned must bo informed what acts of jurisdiction hia Catholic Majesty exercised over those islands . The occasional visits of Indians from tho neighbouring continent , to which Mr . Osma refers , cannot bo said to have imparted to tho sovereign of Spain , or tho
Government of Peru oven , as good a title to those islands ats the habitual resort thither of the vessels of the United States , so long and uninterruptedly continued , for the purpose of capturing seals on their shoro and whales in the adjacent ocean , would give to the United Statos . Tho use of these islands by tho Peruvian Indians for tho last halfcentury has no doubt been vastly less than by the citizens of tho United Statos ; and , upon the ground of Mr . Osma ' s argument , a bettor title could bo asserted by possession on the part of tho United Statos than could bo maintained by IVirii . "
Tho last paragraph is important : — " Under all tho circumstances , the Prosident thinks it most advisable that full instructions on this subject should be despatched to the charge d ' affaires of tho United States at Lima , and that proper orders should bo given to the naval forces of tho United States in that quarter to prevent collision until furthor examination of the caso . No countenance will bo given to tho authors of such enterprises , claiming to bo citizens of tho United States , who may undertake to defend themselves or their vessels by force in tho prosecution of any commercial enterprises to these inlands . Such acts would bo acts of private war , and their authors would thereby justly forfeit tho protection of their own Government . " We mi ght infer from this that the Government hud not made up its mind ; or is it only a Whig show of impartiality and forbearance .
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THE KAFIR WAIt . Accounts were re-wived from tho Capo of Good Hope , up t <> the 3 rd of August , by tho HMairpont Since our last , nt ) alteration has taken place in the state of affairs . Depredations , outtlo liftings , military forays , and the usual incidents with which the public have been so long familiar , form tho staple of the nowfl . The Kaliix and Hottentots still hold possession of parts of the Amatolas and tho Watorkloof ; they are still as during as over within tho frontier . Tho tiles of Cupo papera give tho uuuul accounts of cuttle lifting by
combined Hdttentteliba »^ rs , and of reprisals by « « . regular foraej | m <| bufghe > s . The only attack JJr of notice *| £ fan * . fete 6 n the Waterkloof by Col Buyer , of the Bm , to the 24 th of July , when i Kafirs , were ltirej ! frepn their stronghold by a feiJwS Retreat ; and w ^ rft ttnte imposed to the foil fire ofKh Artillery and Rifle * , suffering a loss of more than 300 while ojily throe of Colonel Buller ' s force wer ' wounded . Perhaps the most important news is that , on the 1 st of July , General Cathcarfc issued ^ proclamation , calline for the assistance of every man capable of bearing arms and on the 20 th hia Excellency issued an exp lanatory circular , in which it is stated that all he required wasa deputation of all the fighting men who can reall y come
to represent the district , and for those who cannot come to assist those who can . The Governor insists on this help . The mother country has sacrificed much life and treasure , while its pnly real advantage was the possession of the seaport of Simon ' s Bay . The protection of certain colonists who settled on the frontier thirty years since might be considered an obligation but such obligations have their limits . This must probably be the last Kafir war carried on at the cost
of the British Government . The object of General Cathcart ' s intended expedition was twofold—first , to test the willingness of the colonists ; and secondly , if they came forward , to demonstrate to the Kafirs that independently ofthe Imperial force , there was sufficient strength in the colony to chastise the enemy should he again attack the frontier . If the General found the colonists unwilling , he had ample force to cross the Kei and vindicate the national honour : but this would
convince the world that the colonists were deficient in their former energy , and their chief opponent Kreli would ever after hold them in contempt . After returning from the expedition beyond the Kei , the Governor says it will be his duty to report to the Home Government if the colonists had not rendered him proper support ; in that case , he will probably be ordered to withdraw his asmy , when his parting recommendation to them would be to keep less sheep and oxen , and more shepherds and herdsmen , for wild men and wild beasts would soon recover their ancient sovereignty in the Fish River and Zuurberg , and the colonists will not be able to drive them out as their
fathers did in the olden time . Such were the views of the Commander-in-Chief on the present and future . Under date of the 2 nd of August , Lieutenant-Governor Darling has addressed a circular to the Civil Commissioners of the western districts , in which , after referring to General Cathcart ' s letter of the 20 th of July to the eastern provinces , he says that , by tho last newspaper accounts from Graham ' Town and Port Elizabeth , the Governor ' s views had been promptly
responded to , and that considerable contributions had been cheerfully rendered towards equipping tho contingent from the eastern districts . Lieutenant-Governor Darling then gives instructions to the Commissioners to make known throug h the field cornets that they are ready to receive contributions in money or kind towards tho equipment of the eastern volunteers , to bo forwarded to tho Treasurer-General in Capo Town , and sending at the same time to tho Governor ' s secretary accurate lists of the names of the contributors . From tho Orange Sovereignty , Natal , and the Trans Vaal Republic , tho news is of tho most satisfactory kind .
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SIR HARRY SMITH AND THE MILITIA . Sir Hakky Smith reviewed a portion of tho Guernsey Militia , on Thursday week , on the New Ground . i « o troopa selected for tho purpose consisted of the artJUery , under Colonel Giilhrd ; tho 1 st regiment of infantry , commanded by Colonel Harvey ; and tho rillo companies of tho four regiments , brigaded under Licutcnan - Colonel Falla , numbering , altogether , about 1 , 000 nit After the troops had passed in review , tho whole we formed in square , and tho generals and stuff having tered , Sir Harry Smith addressed the men . Jt 1 H < f often wo got such strong testimony to the won citizen soldiery . T . " Royal and loyal Militia of Guernsey , — Your , * tenant-Governor , Sir John Boll , has kindly l »' |» " nftl tooxpreHBiny opinion of you ; and I esteem 1 a I , my compliment to mysolf that you havo turned out ^ ^ especial gratification . I had " hoard of you , Hut p » ^ ^ was proi ) oaat ! Hsod in your favour , 1 did not <) X l '' HrtcsH . mich military skill anil military appearance aa yo 1 m Now a won ! to you , C ' omrudoa ! IIaver / ' «« «» ri j& «»» . much causa of dread as when opposed to am < f Jfl History is full of oxamploa . Look to tlio P " . fo ii ,, d VomMo , whoro tho armed people bo huc ™ h "_ ' / wh «> r « Nupoloon ' B votoroii armies . Look u \ £ . ' fo unil Fruueo'H four hundred and fifty thousand « " " ' , () CCUp a-* \ . ll , ^ ... 1 »« t . Inri . wr mfltlV VftflTH Of f . OiriUH «* - /«
turn , without bringing tho people U > ¦ ubjocijon . M Vircassia , which » tiU wjUiatunda Kiw »» « J *™ * nilart }/ nundrod thousand . I myself have never been % h&v 0 foiled as when ojyponetl to the armed V * " * *?* ' » t » T » iiwt rotwmod from * tone ww » fltfiguu > ff war »
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862 THE LEADER . [ Saturday
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 11, 1852, page 862, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1951/page/2/
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