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_ —( hear hear)—for it has occupied my mind . Perhaps I m the more justified in saying it , because there were few " perhaps there were none except the late Lord Melbourne and myself—who could bear this testimony , that , however much he might differ in political sentiments with the persons who held the chief offices in the political services of the state , he was as willing , as ready , as forward , in giving every assistance to them which he thought was for the benefit of the country . ( Cheers . )" Lady John Russell was present . After the ceremony , fruit and wine were serVerl , and some -local speech-making followed .
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EAST CUMBERLAND AGRICULTURAL SHOW . Lord Carlisle and Sir James Graham were present at the dinner which followed the " show" of the East Cumberland Agricultural Society , at Carlisle . It was rather a remarkable dinner , not only as giving prominence again to the North , and showing Sir James and one of Lord John Russell ' s old colleagues bandying comp liments , but on account of some of the things ' said by the two politicians out of the sphere of politics . First , came the Duke of Wellington . Lord Carlisle , after the usual loyal toasts , said" The next toast upon my list is the toast of' The Army and Navy , ' and in giving it to you I feel that it would be impossible to refer to the -martial services of the country , especially of the army , without our thoughts reverting to the name which has in numberless instances been associated with it , and to the memory of him who at the beginning of this week was its chief , and who shall to all succeeding time be its pride , its model , and its inspiration . ( Loud cheers . ) Gentlemen , this occasion is not one on which to dwell upon a theme of sorrow . ( Hear , hear . ) I unaffectedly feel that I am not the person to delineate the services or the conduct of the Duke of Wellington . ( Hear . ) This has already been done to a great extent by the press
of this country in a manner which , I must say , amid all our deep and just regret , makes us feel proud , as Englishmen , that he whose loss we deplore should have been so well understood , and so thoroughly appreciated . ( Loud cheers . ) This country has been taught , by its own history , to associate the deaths of its foremost heroes with the culminating hour of victory—with Wolfe expiring under the ramparts of Quebec—with Nelson falling on the decks of Trafalgar . ( Loud and continued cheering . ) But , gentlemen , while in the number and difficulty of his achievements the Duke of Wellington far outshone those commanders , by the death of one of whom we received the dominion of a continent , and of the other that of the sea , I feel that there
is something still more in keeping with his steady , even , and unclouded career , that he should have sunk to death gently and noiselessly . ( Cheers . ) It was not in the battle—no tempest gave the shock—but a nation which he had made greater far than it ever was before—seemed bathed in the summer sunshine of peace and prosperity , and Sovereign and people alike , who had grown familiar with his mellowing greatness , without losing anything of the veneration which attached to it , will have marked the close of his long , bright , and glorious day with undisturbed regret and unalloyed affection . ( Loud cheers . ) I beg to give you the ' Army and Navy , ' requesting that for once it may be drunk in silence , and coupled with ' the Immortal Memory of the Duke of Wellington . ' "
Responded to by Colonel Maclean ; next came the County , and then the Borough Members ; Lord Curlisle complimenting his hearers on the ground that " Carlisle and Cumberland have got their own again . " Sir James replied . He ran over a great many ngricultuTal topics : sheep , drains , stock , potatoes ( which he decried ) and he came to flax . Upon this lie said" Well , I have hud some experiments tried with ( lux , and the results have satisfied me that it may be grown in thin < listrict with advantage and profit . I have tried it in several different wayn . I have tried it out of lea , -without immure , on indifferent , land ; I hnvo tried it , out of lea on
mipenor land ; I have tried it after a course ? of turnips and potatoes ; I have tried it with guano and bones ; and the result of these experiments lias convinced me that tho < 'h « npi > st way of growing it is best ; namely , out of lea , without manure . ( Applause . ) . Hut , to effect this , it is neccNHiir y that tho land should be dry , deeply ploughed , ami in a condition free from weed . Now , observe — if you juliil Uie . se conditions , flax is the best possible preparation | ' > r u green crop following . Several of my f . cnanfH , also , have thi » year tried tho experiment of growing flax . I will iio | , trouble you with details ; it is sufficient to wtato Intl
•¦ . *> n a piece of poor land , let for only l () . s \ an acre , the •¦ ' •<> 1 > cost , 4 / . an aere , including rent und ' ull charges , and 1 " , "' "ulisfied ( hat if , is worth from 10 / . to 15 / . per aero . oiild there be established in this neighbourhood koiiid inu-I'lmiery l ' converting the nl . ruw of flux , after tho grain is I " ' , into M ,,, raw umterial of manufacture , tho happiest ''Hulls might be anticipated to ( low from it . This would "iniiHh another illustration of the principle that , the union " > ' » "milueturing Hkill and capital with agricultural skill "" niinlal in the Huro foundation of tho prosperity of both . ( Ulcers . ) " ' J
11 living « loiui bin < lut , to ( ho » noble science" be tH' -ned to the great theme of tho day . — l wou ld hero have closed my address , wero it not for ! """'¦ hing which ( ell from my noble friend the chairman . 1 Il (>( think if , possible there can be a convivial mooting , "''' . ' '" " I ) llH ' <) f tm ) ""> ' < d kingdom at this imi-, 7 ! " which thoughts of a melancholy description will fact IU ' | !> 'n < n"r . V breast . My noble friend alluded to a Woi-IU- Htrilum I 1 S all Unit the foremost , man of the lav n < lon ( l auti llIllmri (> d lit thiH moment . Among all y rocoHwtiouu I am bound to way that 1 doom it one of
the highest honours of my public life to have associated in council with that noble individual . ( Much applause . ) That eye whose glance 'kept the world in awe , ' has lost its lustre . ' Take him for all in all , We ne ' er shall look upon his like again . ' ( Cheers . ) I am satisfied that , although the gratitude of the country has lasted during the life of this eminent individual , it is not this passing generation only which will jnark its gratitude to him . My noble friend dwelt with much truth on the extraordinary ability displayed by the daily press , and its unanimity—its honourable unanimity—in commenting on the character and excellence of the great man . He does indeed owe much to the press , but it is not
to the passing eulogiums of the daily press he must look for the maintenance of his future fame . The Duke of Wellington has fortunately left , through the medium of the press , an undying memorial of the manner in which he exercised his great powers , and of the honourable mode in which he rose to fame . In those despatches , written on the most confidential intercourse with all persons with whom it was his duty to communicate , from the humblest officer to the greatest sovereign , it will be a noble study to trace how he achieved his great success . It will there be found that it was by devotion to his country—by
neverceasing patriotism—by self-denial with reference to all passing views of personal interest and exaltation . Love of duty and love of country were the loadstones by which he guided his course , and my noble friend has truly said that he has left to the military profession a great example , and to all who take part in public affairs a lesson not less striking and worthy of , imitation . ( Cheers . ) Patriotism and love of duty paramount to every consideration made Wellington what he was . That example at a distance , in my humble sphere , it shall be my duty and desire to follow . ( Loud cheers . )"
Sir James next neatly proposed the health of Lord Carlisle : — " I ventured just now to give you my opinions with respect to stock . Now with respect to stock , pedigree goes a great way , but quality , after all , is more valuable than pedigree . ( Applause . ) In this country we are justly proud of pedigree and of descent from a long line of illustrious ancestry ; but yet it is , after all , the quality of the man which stamps his worth . ( Applause . ) For pedigree the Howards may bang the world ; but it is not on account of his pedigree that I propose the health of our noble
chairman . Let ua try him by his qualities . He has been tested on many occasions , and in various places . He has been tried in courts ; he has been tried in senates ; he has been tried in both Houses of Parliament ; he has been tried on the hustings ; he has been tried at mechanics ' institutes ; and , at last , I am glad to say , he has come to the county with which his family has been so long honourably connected . The more we know of him the more we value him . ( Applause . ) His qualities will stand the test . I know , and you know him . Let us greet him as he deserves , and drink his health with three times three . ( Applause . )"
In responding , Lord Carlisle said , the honour done him came infinitely commended by its having been proposed by a person who had been endeared to him by old recollections and associations , which he trusted he might " look forward to being renewed and freshened by subsisting and new ones . " As to improvements in agriculture and in the state of the country , Lord Carlisle was very emphatic : — " But even my own solitary experience and mere occasional visits to this county furnish me with demonstrations of unmistakeable improvement in tho progress of its agriculture . I see large tracts saved by the works of recent drainage ; I see weeds and stones disappearing from the surface of the fields ; I see wide , dank , reeking masses
converted into bright , fresh pasture ; 1 see lean and scanty crops of grain giving place to vigorous farspread growths of the green and glorious turnip . ( Cheers . ) It is not for me to suggest or enforce lessons which every day are more and more apprehended by the enterprise and ability which are now devoted to the practice and science of agriculture , which are realized most of all by all-teaching and resistless experience ( cheers ) ; but , when we take into consideration hucIi permanent conditions as are impressed upon our agriculture } by what we must admit , —the moisture of our climate anil the elevation of so large a portion of our district by our mountain range and the near Atlantic ;; and again , when we also fake into consideration the present , conditions which affect , as far as we can ascertain them ,
the future prospects which bear upon our agriculture , the demand made for , and the prices paid for , animal food , for meat , milk , cheese , and butter , for almost all articles , I had nearly said , with the single exception of whcut ,-- ~ i ( , does seem to me that the way which is most , plainly marked out for us is to check , rather than encourage , the growth of wheat , except where ! the conditions for it are manifestly favourable to the extension of green crops , and to rear a hI ill increasing quantity of stock . You miiv depend upon it , that the appetites of our country men are not likely to retrograde , and that having learned among classes where such mutters were scarcely known before , the taste of good beef and good mutton , they are not likely , except , under
stieb pressure iih , 1 trust , Almighty goodness may avert s to lose their relish for sueh productions . ( ' Hear , hear , ' ehecr . s . ) " ... " I believe there are in every elans , - landlords , tenants , statesmen , large farmers , small farmerH , —very many who give an observant and enlightened attention to the business with which they have to do ; I believe there is a hardy and spirited peasantry . I have had opportunities of witnessing their athletic prowess in their gained and wrestling , which I must say , when properly pursued , and not in a gambling or dissipated spirit ,, Hoeiii to me well deserving of encouragement ; but , what is of more importance , 1 . believe there ih in very many instances a desire and a cure for good education , and with hucIi materials , physical iw wolf ub moral , to work upon iind to
work with , I do not see wh y Cumberland , long pre-eminent above other English counties for the beauties of her natural scenery , her rich garniture of lakes , and her sublime extent of mountains , should not be equally conspicuous in all the attributes of successful agriculture and creditable citizenship ( cheers ); and in this hope I beg you now to drink to the ' Success of the East Cumberland Agricultural Society . ' ( Cheers . )" " Mr . Aglionby" had his health drunk ; and Sir James proposed the last toast , tho " Tenant Farmers . " This he did with great zest ; not only haranguing at great length on crops and stock ; recommending the growth of less wheat , and the raising of more green crops arid more stock ; but he spake , as became him , of the subjects of the toast with great energy and emphasis : —
" I cannot in adequate forms express my gratitude to the tenant-farmers of this district . They have struggled against immense difficulties in the noblest spirit , not only of enterprise , but of patient endurance , and have continued to hope even against hope . ( Cheers . ) They have performed prodigies of late years . I say it in no spirit of boasting , but I will tell you , that when I began the management of my property , I let on imp roving-leases for nineteen years . By the will of Providence I have twice renewed these leases ; I renewed them for fourteen years in 1842 , and now I am again renewing them for a fresh period of fourteen years . On a large portion of my property I have within the last six months renewed for
fourteen years , and I state it , not with pride as regards myself , but in a spirit of heartfelt gratitude to my tenants , ' that notwithstanding all the difficulties they and I have had to encounter , I have not changed any considerable portion of my tenantry on any of those three occasions ; and on the last one there has been no change . Considering all the circumstances—all the difficulties of the tenant-farmers—I say they are a high-spirited body of men—a noble-minded body of men , banded together for the purpose of successfully exerting their industry . It is skilled industry , too , for in this part of the country the tenantry are not only educated , but intelligent , and landlords may well be proud of such a body of men . ( Cheers . )"
The jovial and delighted company separated , after hearing announced some of the more special prizes for the next show—the last being by the Earl of Carlisle , who said that , " as giving premiums seemed to be the order of the evening , he begged to say that next year he would give a premium of 101 . for the best general stock in the hands of any owner . " ( Loud applause . )
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LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ Froji our own Correspondent . ] Letter XXXIX . Paris , September 21 , 1852 . Since Louis Bonaparte departed for the South , Paris has the aspect of a camp ; sentries are doubled at every post ; military patrols scour the city of an evening in every direction ; soldiers are forbidden communication with civilians ; and , what is more , for fear of surprise , troops have been detached from the barracks of the Invalides , of the He de Louvre , and from the ordinary guardhouses , to occupy the Forts ; the official world is
on a constant qui vive ; every five minutes the telegraph reports the Prince , that cornerstone of the lofty but fragile edifice in which France now sleeps . The resident ministers are obliged to sleep in Paris nightly ; permission to none to pass a single night in the country . All the day they are en permanenet ' , divided between their Hotels and tin : Ministry of the Interior . In . short , one might suppose this city to be in a sfato of siege , or that tho enemy was at the gates of tin ; capital . The apprehensions of these men , who know their existence to hang on the life of one man , urn singularly betrayed . Sleep , or even tranquil breathing , seems [ denied to them ; the least noise disturbs and alarms . All the day and half the night they are soliciting and consulting the telegraph , as if its
messages were the vaticinations of un enchanter . All this time Paris is perfectly tranquil , amusing its indolent vivacity with a thousand rumours , which are more rife than ever . Old rumours revived vie with the new for the public ear . Such as this : If , was reported , now some weeks ago , that Count , D'Orsay had been struck by a ball aimed at , Louis Bonaparte in the gardens of St . Cloud . From this rumour had sprung anotherthat Bonaparte himself bad been shot- a rumour which reached Brussels . The present shape of the sfory is , that D'Orsay was . so st . rSirk , and that the wound was flic proximate cause of his death ; a cause carefully hushed up for feur of " putting ideas into the heads " of malcontents , and of sowing alarm in tho olliciul world . The plot of tho Italics is also revived , the discovery of whjc . h luul caused the- now notorious Ball to be
adjourned two days ; it reappears embellished with the interesting " detail" f hat on that , same Fifteenth of August the Palace of the Tuilleries was twice set on fire ! Another favorite rumour is , that of revolts in certain regiments , summarily quelled by the musket . Arrests and domiciliary visits ^ iro the current talk , especially the seizure of pamphlets ami brochure . " . Talking of these , a hawker was seized at Belleville recently with a number of copies of Victor Hugo ' s brochure upon him .
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September 25 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 911
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 25, 1852, page 911, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1953/page/3/
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