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to Toulouse , the queen of cities , to cover with flowers , with laurels , and with benedictions , the best and greatest Prince of our age . " , .,. „ ., . . . The official explanation ot the aggressive commercial measures against Belgium is given by the Moniteur : — " The negotiations commenced with the Cabinet of Brussels for renewing the commercial treaty concluded between the two countries on the 13 th of December , 1846 , not having produced the satisfactory result which . was expected , it became indispensable to adopt on the side of . France measures calculated to restore equality in the consequences of tho system of common law which henceforth will govern the commercial relations between France and Belgium . The decree was suggested to the Government of the Prince President by that consideration . " The Journal des Debats gives an account of a recent interview between Cardinal Antonelli and Sir Henry Bulwer , the substance of which is summed up as follows :
" The amicable relations of the two governments were first brought forward , relations which have been somewhat disturbed on the one side by the introduction of a Roman episcopal hierarchy in England , and by the impri $ onment of Murray ; on the other side by recent legislative measures and by the Aehilli trial . To preserve better relations in future , Sir H . Bulwer is reported to have hinted that it would be advisable to accredit to Borne an agent with a higher title than that of Consul , for instance a simple envoy . To this it was replied that it would be time to discuss such a question when a Papal nuncio was admitted to the Court of England , and that as far as Mr . Freeborne , the English consul at Rome , was personally concerned , the Pontifical government had clearly given to understand that the maintenance or recall of that agent was totally indifferent to it , by its not having ; deprived him . of its exequatur . ,
" As regards the demand made by Sir Henry Bulwer for the documents relative to Murray ' s imprisonment , the reply of the Secretary of State is said to have been very unequivocal , declaring his inability to do so . He is even reported to have said : ' A judgment has just been given in England , which has astonished and afflicted us ( the Achilli trial . ) But , notwithstanding our astonishment and affliction , wo do not wish to question the sentence pronounced by the legal Courts of a regular government , master of its own penal legislation . We are also a regular government . We have a penal code which differs from yours , but a code sanctioned by the ruler , for a long
time in force in the land , and regulated according to rules which we deny to any other government the right of questioning . Murray was sentenced by that code according to its prescribed legal forms . A demand for the documents of his trial would be equivalent to a suspicion of false dealing , a suspicion which would be an insult to the justice of the Roman Courts , and to the State which entrusts to them the honour , property , and life of its subjects . We disclaim against such an insult without discussion , and will not establish a dangerous precedent by communicating tho documents you demand . The sentence was legal , and there it must rest . '
" The conversation then turned on other subjects of a secondary nature—railways and the deplorable state of Ireland . ' " ' In Prussia , Austria , and Piedmont , grand reviews and manoeuvres of troops have been going on under the inspection , and in the case of Austria and Piedmont , under the command of the monarchs . Turin has been left to tho National Guard , the entire garrison being absent on Held duty . ThesjRtnperor of Russia , on tho occasion of the retirement of General Tehernyseheff , his Minister of War , addressed to him a most flattering * hitter , in which ho pointedly alluded to tho general ' s services in 1811 , " the period of tho deliverance of Europe . " This refers to 'he fact , that the General was in Paris in 1811 , and there discovered the . secret of the movement of troops . Tho campaign of 1812 is not yet forgotten at St . Petersburg .
The appearance of tho cholera at Stettin has been ( uno ( licially ) announced . The wife of the Chief President ol the province ; of Posen , M . Von Puttkaimner , has died ot the disease , after a few hours' illness . The lust return is to the Kith , when there were thirty new eases and eight deaths ; -sixty-four were discharged cured . The 1 ' oson Gazette states that all the upper Kchools were to be cloned on the 18 th , many of the -scholars ¦ iiiul teachers being ill , and the at tendance much diminished by fear or the epide .-nk ; on ( lie part , of 1 lie parents . In 'vonignberg , from the iiotli of August to tho JSth of September , there have been Ki 2 eases , i ) b" fatal . Two members of the Provincial Government of the Dueiiy have died of the epidemic . Some suspicious cases , though in a rather mild form , have oceurrorl in ' Merlin . They have been hushed up , or billed " Horn ,, cholera- " but ii , in believed that out of fifty
persons seized , , third have died . The session oftheSI . at . es ( jleneralof Holland was opened ° » the i !() l h mutant by tho K'ing in person . ,- . " " . ygienio Congress , " consisting of gentlemen o ( Oillerenl . countries , who take an interest , in promoting tho iienlth of ( owns , an < i the welfare of the working classes , emiiineneed Hilling at HniHsols on Monday . About ii ( M ) f-jentlenien , itolgianH and foreigners , attended ; they met "i tho Itoju ] Academy of Medicine . Amongst the English were Viscount KhrinHon , Mr . Ward , Dr . Arnott , Mr . ( liar
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Sep ? eMb £ r 25 , 1852 . ] fHE LEADEE . 913
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COMING ANNEXATION OP CUBA AND YUCATAN . An event which we have long heard mentioned as near at hand , seems now approaching . It is confidently stated , that the authorities of Yucatan have applied to the Government of the United States for protection and annexation . This is a brief but weighty piece of
news , Cuba must be annexed . Such is the cry again rising in the United States . Active measures are being taken on one side to advance , on the other to frustrate , the enterprise . In the Times of Wednesday , there was a remarkable letter from the New York correspondent of that journal , giving a fervid account of the state of the " Lone Star" party , which we annex hereto . It is dated September the 7 th , and is as follows : — " The ' Lone Star' movement is getting to be a formidable affair . A new and completely organized expedition against Cuba is preparing , and unless my sources of information are far less reliable than I
suupose , some events of importance concerning the j > olitical fortunes of Cuba are likely to take place during the coining fall and winter . Let me first of all enumerate facts . " 1 . Foolish , wicked , and inopportune as the Lopez expedition may have been , his fate was lamented by a large class of our people , and the resolution to avenge his death has never slept . He was canonized as a martyr of liberty , and thousands who would never have justified his acts were ready to punish his executioners . Besides , with him perished ignorniniously more than forty native-born Americans , none of whom fell unwept or unremembered . Even the magnanimous pardon extended by Her Catholic Majesty Isabella to the American prisoners who experienced her clemency
finally resulted in a very different manner from what Her Majesty or her advisers could have supposed . Those captives returned to tell the history not of the rights they had infringed , but of the ivrongs they had suffered . Among them were men from almost every one of our thirty-one states . Each had near connexions and relations with thousands that knew and loved him ; and when these thousands of districts came to hear of the brutality of the Cuban Government—the death of Lopez in the public square by the garrote , and the shooting of half-a-hundred Americans in the baclc , after they had been compelled to Tcneel—all these recitals stirred an indignation in the hearts of our people which cannot be appeased , except by the extermination of Spanish power from that island .
" 2 . The folly and blunders which ended inthemiscarriage of the Lopez expedition have been detected , and they will be avoided in this new movement . The Americans have lost all confidence in the Creolesthey will not admit them into their councils—they will not trust them at all . I am pretty confident that not a single Creole has been admitted to the secret society of the ' Lone Star . ' They are regarded as traitors . It was , in fact , clearly proved that Lopez had been betrayed ; otherwise he would not have landed with ko small a force , nor vvhero he did , nor at that particular time . He was led into an ambush ! Americans have confidence in one another , but nobody any longer believes the word of : i Cubano . So the Americans will
keep their own counsels , they will head their own expedition , and they will go more completely prepared for the contest than any company of invaders could have gone at any other period of the world's history . They will not carry Colt ' s rifles , which hold but six rounds , but Jenning ' s ( recently invented ) , which carry twentyfour charges , and can , in experienced hands , be shot twenty-four times in less than sixty seconds .
" IK This expedition is a complete organization . Lope // was an inijtromptn und a shabby affair . His men were hastily picked up—generally poor , and many of them desperate . Tlio ' Lone Star' admits no nuui to its company whoso social standing is not a . fair pledge of his honour , truth , courage , and intelligence . No organization of the same number lias probably ever been formed in America in wbioh there was so much wealth and diameter represented . They can raise millions on call , but ( . bey are not likely to need it , for bv their regulations every member contributes u certain
. sum into the common fund every month or quarter ; and , numbering a . s tho * Lone Star' men now probably do , 25 , 000 , their fund already is said to oxceed half a million ; tho institution is not yet six months old . Again , the ' Lone Star' is known to embrace many ol the most , influential , opulent' , and distinguished men in the United States . Lopez had not a single man of wealth or public reputation with him . So far us close scrutiny could do it , not a worthless or untrustworthy man out of 25 , 000 has yet been allowed to pass the threshold of this extraordinary order .
" 4 . Besides the wealth and social respectability oi their inoniberH , they bavo a largo number of iiilluexitial editors on thoir bide ; uud multitudes who will
never join them sympathize with their cause . Among these are the myriads whose friends and relations suffered in the Lopez expedition , who have kindled a flame in almost every county in the Union , which can and will , at the proper moment , burst into a general conflagration . " 5 . The administration of the new Captain-General has borne so heavily upon the island that . a far greater amount of discontent exists now than at any former period . General Concha , the late Governor , was a modern man , of which Spain has had so few . His arrival was the daybreak of a brighter period for Cuba .
So everybody said ; so everybody believed . He entered at once on the path of wise , gradual , judicious reforms . He held out expectations of amelioration in all departments of the Government . He nearly succeeded in annihilating the most offensive and the most oppressive monopolies of the islands . He proved himself an honest , an incorruptible man . But the chiefest and greatest and boldest of all his reforms was to put an end to the slave trade . This was the first time the attempt had ever been successfully made . Could he have remained in power one year longer , he would have utterly exterminated that accursed traffic .
But , on authority which I cannot reject , I learn that the suspension of these crimes and abuses so materially diminished the revenues of the crown , that this faithful and upright servant was recalled . Another and less scrupulous man fills the place , who has gone back to the old system ; and now crime , corruption , and villany fill the island , and the slave trade has not been in so flourishing a state for twenty-five years . You may not have this latter fact immediately confirmed by other testimony , but you will soon . There has not not been , during the memory of the present generation , so cruel and tyrannical a Government in Cuba . So
say the Cubans , Spaniards , and Creoles ; so say our American travellers ; and so say the crowded castles and dungeons of the island . Under the plea that our occupation of Cuba would end the slave trade there , the Northern States would join in and justify the movement ; and with the knowledge that Cuba would bring to the South nearly a million of slaves , tho Southern States would do the same thing ; while all Americans , and all friends of liberty everywhere , would rejoice if so fair and fertile an island should ( without crime or blood ) fall under the mild and benignant sway of a powerful and well organized Republic .
" So say the Lone Star men ; and there is certainly some force in all this . It is , at all events , persuasive , and every day brings them the adhesion of hundreds . " 6 . Now let us look at some indubitable signs of public feeling in confirmation of all this . It seems that Archbishop Hughes , of New York , on being requested by the Lone Star men , did say ' mass for the eternal repose of the souls of Lopez and his brave companions , fallen in the struggle for Cuban liberty ;' although the prelate refused to preach a sermon on tic occasion . Also in New Orleans have similar religious ceremonies been performed , which indicate that the Lone Star men have the sympathy and countenance of the Catholic church .
" 7 . The present state of the island of Cuba indicates tho probability of an approaching revolution . Nearly or quite 150 porsons have been arrested in various parts of the island , and are now in the prisons of Havunnali . Nine young men who wen ? engaged in printing' the Voice of the people oj' Cuba , a clandestine revolutionary sheet , have been arrested , and a telegraphic ; despatch from New Orleans yesterday announces that they are all to be garrotad . The present Governor , Canedu , bus made known his resolution to show no mercy to any persons engaged in any conspiracy against his authority—¦• They shall all milter the garrote , with every indignity known in the annals ol justice' No doubt exists that then ; was a
determination to rise on the 111 si of August , but the detection ol large quantities of anus and unnnunition in various parts of the island , has probably delayed the insurrection . Hut it is only tor a while . Continual disturbances will occur , and the severity of the Captain-General will only iullume still more deeply the popular indignation , and render the revolution not only inevitable , but more merciless when it conies . It is said , on pretty good authority , that the negroes will join tho conspirators , mid if independence can be gained in no other way , there is to be a massacre of the Spanish population . Certain it is that the Cubans are bent on achieving their independence ; and they know that whenever they have once risen they can depend on substantial aid from the Lone Star men of the United States . As things now look , it seems highly probably that a bloody struggle is approaching . " Tho authorities at Washington appear to be on tlio look-out . According to the correspondent of the JVcw York Courier , the Spanish minister law called the attention of tho Government to tho projected , invasion *
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 25, 1852, page 913, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1953/page/5/
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