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Cape Bird , crossed a bay of some twenty-five miles in width , when we struck a low-l . ying beach , and pursued our course on it , over gentle undulations , in a direction due west to the estimated distance of 100 dog . west longitude . On tlic third day we got on fliifc table land , until the latitude of 73 deg . north , when wo turned east , and struck the inlet west of Worth Somerset . Our course was now generally along the sea coast , until we reached Cape Walker , where our provisions compelled us to rotreat'to the-ship , round Worth Somerset ' and Leopold . Harbour . I cannot
find words to express my admiration of the conduct of M . JJellof , who accompanied mo throughout this journey , directing at all times the course by his superior scientific attainments , and at the same time taking an equal share with the men in dragging the sledge , and ever encouraging them in their arduous labours by his native cheerful disposition . During an absence of three months we slept in . snow houses , having dispensed with tents . With the blessing of God we returned in safety to our ship on the 30 th of May .
' ' On the Gth of August we cut out o . t winter quarters , and proceeded to Beech y Island as circumstances best directed . I may mention that our first journey was in midwinter , when we had to avail ourselves of the moonlight , in the absence of that of the sun . " I have , in conclusion , the satisfaction to remark that , although our crew suffered somewhat from scurvy , they have all returned to a man in comparative health , which I attribute in a great measure to the strictly teetotal principles on which the expedition was carried out , and the consequent harmonv and good conduct of the men
throughout . It is through the supply of pemmican alone , which the Lords of the Admiralty liberally supplied to the Prince Albert , that sledge journeys were enabled to be carried out . I left eighteen cases of pemmican at Beachey Island and two at Fury Beach , and four tons of coals I put on board the North Star . During my absence on the extended journey , Mr . Cowie , tlic medical officer , searched the hot torn of Cresswell-bay , to see if any passage existed there , but found none . To this officer I also feel greatly indebted for his care and attention over the health of the crew , and kind and skilful treatment of them .
" Though every search was made in all parts we have visited , wo have found no record or trace of the jiroccedings of Sir John Franklin's expedition . " I have , &c . "William Kennedy , Commanding Lady-Franklin ' s Private Arctic Expedition . " The Secretary of the Admiralty . " We proceed to give some extracts from the despatches and instructions . Sir Edward Belcher thus writes from Becchy Island , on the 14-th of August , to the Secretary of the Admiralty : — ' Pir , —1 have the honour to acquaint you , for the inibrmation of my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty , that I reached this position on the evening of the 11 th , where . 1 had the gratification of finding the llesolute and JVorth Star , the Intrepid having joined me in the Straits and towed ine up .
" I had despatched the ' Pioneer from Cape Warrender to examine Navy Board Inlet I ' information , and deposit , the duplicate of Wo . 10 , left at Cape Warrender ; also to report on the state of the provisions , as in copy of instructions inclosed . " At Cape Warrender I found the cairn and post erected by Captain Austin ' s expedition , but , no documen t ' . The tally , having written on it , ' Pull out record , ' was found beside tlic cairn , deeply impressed by the teeth of some small animal . No truce of t lie \ Nit . of man . ' Al Cape . 11 urd 1 found a document deposited by ( he Intrepid . „_ '" On the afternoon of the IIIIIi the Pioneer rel . iirned from Niivv Hoard I idol ,, having . searched for the provisions deposiled by Ihi' Iscrlli Star , but . \\ il lioul . success .
" 1 inmedia I el y on my arrival here , accompanied by (' aplam kellell , I proceeded with service parties , under lite comnin n < I of (' om 11 umder . Kieliards and Lieutenant , Cheyne , to examine closely liecehv Island and coasts adjacent for records of I he missing cxpedil ion , lull . without Ihc sli g htest , increase of importance . ' ¦ A fter a . niosl , laborious soiiri'h , including Ihc lines of direction of Ilie headboards of I lie graves , mid head and fool , : im well ai at ( en feet disl anees , and I Iiroii : ; lioul . the loose eurt li , no I race , nor e \ en a . scratch on the paint \\ ork , could lie traced . "Upon very mature con ; idi Tal ion , aided by Captain Ivolletl . and Commander 1 ' iilleii , I arrived at . the conviction
that no liurrv in removing from these winter ( pinrlers can be traced . Kvervl hing bears the stamp of order and regularit v ; and alt n < , u ; , ; b il is mailer of intense surprise and incoin pi ' ehensible to all , it is my firm conviction that no intention ol ' leaving a record al Ibis position existed . "Oilier reasons occur to me I or Mich del crnmial inn , I be princip al of which ii , that . Sir John Franklin would mil consider Ibis as a likely f-pol i ' uv inquiry , and il . is evident thai , hv more cluiuce only Ibey happened lo fall upon bis truces . If I am asked why , my reply is thai al . Cape Ikiley , or it 11 v oilier more prominent and accessible position- ; , be \ ond I be discovery of former \ isilors , Sir John I ' ranli lin w ould place bis beacon ; certainly nol , here .
"IImay nevl be inquired , why have I be former t ; ci ; rchiii " parlies failed ( o find these n lurk "> i' My replv again is look even lo I be cairns creeled lust , year by the well organized expedition ofinv predecessors . ' bey are easily over looked , passed unnoticed , or destroyed b y animals . ' We have not been able , even wilb i his very open season , to Iraeelbe large mippliort left . ill . Navy Hoard lulel I ) V the \ iir // i Sf . ir , and no bcucoii marks their whereiiIkiuIm . How , l . heii , lire I be disl iv . s . sed to avail t IiciiimcIvcm of I his depot !' " I ' orl , Leopold i : i nl p re . senl , equally inaccessible , us ivporled liy Commander M ' ( 'lintock , who ,-iouglil . me in that neighbourhood . I I . in , I horefore , u niosl , serious drawback to any chaneen ol" relief I bat . these , depots should have been pluoed ou the i ; oulhern tthorou of the Sound , when it in
well known that the northern arc always easily and safely accessible . " The shortness of the remaining season , and the vast importance of taking every advantage to benefit by the present open waters m carrying out the main instructions of their Lordships , by the two great channels , for the objects therein referred to , render it imprudent to risk any delay by further attempts to examine Port Leopold , which may be effected by Commander Pullen during the winter or early in the spring , but a short journey compared'with those effected last vnnr . "
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TWO CHAMPIONS OF " RELIGIOUS EQUALITY . " Sir -Culling Eakdley is" a well-known advocate of " religious equality , " according to the Exeter Hall pattern ; and no doubt he is a consistent and honest gentleman for the solution of that impracticable problem—religions equality , with Protestant ascendancy Whcn at Geneva , the other day , he saw the Tablet and read in its columns the now famous " private and confidential" circular of Mr . Moore , together with the names of the persons leading the movement . Among others he saw that of Mr . Frederick Lucas , editor of the Tablet , and member for Meath ; and desirous of testing the reality of the desire for religious equality existent in the committee , he wrote to Mr . Lucas on the subject through a mutual " friend . " Sir Cullmowas engaged in an effort to release the imprisoned Madiais ; Mr . Lucas was engaged in promoting religious equality in Ireland . Would Mr . Lucas help Sir Culling to release the Madiai ?
' 'A deputation from various countries—the United Kingdom , France , Holland , Switzerland , and Germany . is about , to wait upon the Grand Duke of Tuscany , in order to solicit , in the name of religious freedom , the liberation of the Madiai . I expect to meet these gentlemen at Marseilles , and I take the liberty of asking whether I may inform them that they have your permission to state at Florence that you , whose name and position are well known there , regard with indignation the incarceration of the Madiai in the supposed interests of your faith , and that you wish success to the object of the deputation . "
This humble but treacherous request did not ensnare Mr . Lucas ; on the contrary , he snubs Sir Culling in the Tablet for asking him to engage in an act which is a " gross impertinence , " and which no one but " very grcat simpletons" could perform . For what right have the deputation to thrust themselves on the Grand Duke , and criticise the administration of justice in Tuscany . Having convicted Sir Culling of insolence in writing to him at all , Mr . Lucas launches out . into ' generalities , and lays down his dictum as to when and where Protestantism , or rather not- Catholicism , should he tolerated , and when and where it should be relentlessly put down : —
"I shall not enter id any length with you into the difference ; between , on the one side , a Catholic Government in an exclusively Catholic country taking means to prevent the introduction of heresy for the first time among an exclusively Catholic population , and , on the other side , a Government , whether Catholic or Protestant , ruling over a mixed population of Catholic and Protestant subjects , whichever denomination may have the majority- In ^ " former case , no native inhabitant of the State , can becoms a J'rotestant -it ; it . It out coittmit . tint / a crime in tin : sight of God , and without iirflictin . // an injury upon- society . ^ It i . wen ; the ruler of such a State I would not allow the ' foreign preacher' to sow his noxious weeds among the good corn , and in flu ; kind of repression to be used for preventing t . h « v
first ; introduction of heresy I would be guidefl" by the circumstances of the case and considerations of expediency . In countries , on the other hand , where heresy in of long standing , has become traditional , and does not . necessarily imply guilt , on the part of those who , in professing it , « dbere ' only to the creed in which they have been broug ht , up , I would ' act differently . If I wore n member of a constitutional State , like ; Belgium or like England , on whichever side the majority happened to be , 1 would advocate ( ho strictest impartiality and equality of treatment !<> i" ""• If I were an absolute monarch / under the like cin-unislimco . s I would practise I he . same rigid impartiality .
Suppose , said Casflereagh , in attempting to e \ pl >»» to Talleyrand tin ; principle of life , assurance , " suppose my life ' equal to yours . "—Ah , said flic courtly wit . '' . V way of running commentary , " ¦ nmis fY . v / nnc / re . vjoi xti /> j ) os // , / oii . " Suppose , says Mr . Lucas , that 1 were mi absolute monarch -why thai , is the very portion . sought by the Papacy everywhere . Mr . Lucas ooiifinues : — "Show me a ease in which a . I ' roleslanf "'" J ! '* ^ , Jj , ^ ' * . ' Iron Led by a usurping , plundering , and oppressive ' lie minorily , and I will be as forward in expressing my <» - digiiiit . ion at , ( bo conduct , of the Cat holic opprcsnorH , an ^ my sympathy wilb the I ' roleslanl , oppressed . Km , w ^ ^ you dare lo nii" -gesl lo mo a similarity bel ween I ''; '' ., anil Ireland between the Madiais and I ho <' al holic *
this land between your souping , Nwindliug , l 111 " 1 '"" , ^ ,, } proselylism , the whole practical aim of wbi < 'li ; M < 1 " . ' ! (( , torooi , out . I he Clirisl inn fuil . li , and to plant . infidolil . V " ^^ ulead ; lo disturb , doslroy , disorganize , break , an " . ^^ itminder an ancient anil virluoun sociol V by '"" ' ' ' " . | i , ; ,,,,-eiK-es and foreign gold : lo make men devils , or an \ ^ if il , were possible ; thai , is worne , nil her l ; '" - " " . . ' ]' ., | M .,. * lo save their nouIh in the pure way in winch Llicu ¦¦ worshipped God : when you dare lo miggcst , lo int rallol iMttw .-on reMif ; laneo lo fbo find , I . e-innrngH ^^ revolutionary innoval ionri , ami of such lioslilo n ^ from without , iiikI LI . o ellorln of the Tory I" ^"' ' , | 1 C .. minium their plunder and U . eir I ' eroc . o . iH gri | . o | j (( , ( hroulH of a fumi » hed people , I turn I mm ll . o "'^ h , - with a contempt , which iiHMUivdly therein nollimg
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986 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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" Yesterday , accompanied by Captain Kellett and Commander Pullen , I searched Cape Hi ley . The result of our examination , viewing it as a possible magnetic station , is most assuredly adverse to any such conclusion . As a magnetic observer myself ( Kellett and Pullen also ) , I could trace nothing to warrant any such conclusion . Nor do I believe it probable that instruments of such a nature would be carried to a spot totally unprotected in every way , and not possessing any feature to recommend if , when the spot on Becchy Island afforded the best locality . "Another and very important reason adverse to any such selection would be the almost vertical mass of mountains within a few yards of the position .
" The circles of stones are clearly the remains of Esquimaux habitations , and flat paved circles in continuation towards the cliff clearly indicate not a temporary visit . Graves , also , of men ' and children , wherein the bones appear to have been charred , also indicate the restingplace or fixed encampment of Esquimaux . ' The station is also well adapted for a fishing position and for the capture of birds . " It is my firm conviction that had Sir John Franklin been disposed to leave any record of his movements many very prominent points present themselves , and I have great hopes , from the very open season , that we shall yet find them on the shores of Wellington Channel . " Lieutenant Cheyne was sent to examine the summit of Beechy Island , and lie reported as follows : —
" Sin ,- —In compliance with the above memorandum , I have the honour to report that I proceeded at 9 . 30 a . m ., accompanied by Mr . Lewis , clerk in charge , and three mpn to the summit of Beechy Island . We repaired immediately to the cairn remains left by the JSrebus and Terror , marked a circle round the centre of full 20 feet in diameter , turned out all the stones within that space , and dug up to the depth of one foot , throwing everything carefully out ; a minute search was also made under all the large stones near the place , but no trace of any document was found . We left the spot at 2 . 30 p . m . fully convinced that no record is there . " Lieutenant Hamilton , of the Resolute , gives the following account of an expedition . It is addressed to Captain Kellett , his superior : —
' ¦ ' Sn ; .,- —I have the honour to inform you that on the 11 th inst ., Messrs . Doniville , Alston , and myself walked to Caswell's Tower . At , the foot , of it , facing the south-east , and about . MOO yards from the beach , we found the remains Of an old Esquimaux encampment , consisting of about , 30 ruined huts . One of Edwards' small potato cases attracted our at tcntion , and on searching we discovered several of Goldner ' s preserved meat canisters , seven or eight wine bottles , a fireplace , and a small well ; the bottom of it was lined with small stones . A pathway of large flat stones
led to the well . I \' o cairns nor documents were found . These articles evident ly belonged to some of Sir John Franklin ' s parlies ; most , probably a shooting party . I then ascended the tower , which is about , tin ; same height as Heechy Sound , but , much steeper . Neither cairns nor documents wort ) found . Five bears were seen during our walk ; one of I hern was . severely wounded by Air . Domville . The land was very barren ; a liltlc ; moss and sorrel was ( he only \ ogelnl . ioii seen . "
After having j ^ ivt'ii instructions to Captain ICellotf , of the lu ' . sofulr , to proceed to Melville Island , audio Commander I ' lillcn , of the . ' Aorf / i iS' / ar , to remain in depot , at , lieecliy Island , Sir I 0 dwa . rd I ? elcher set out , in ( he A . wsixf a nee oi \ the I Mb of August , for Wellington ( 'haiinel . () rders wen ; given for t he sending out , of sleighing parlies both to Captain Kellet f and Commander I'ullen ; and ai niii"'eni < nfs were made for a nieetiii" - between a party from Captain Kelleft and oik ; from Sir Kdward Helelicr on flu : meridian of I O . > " west , and on Mi <> parallel of 77 " north . Commander Pullen anticipated a season unusually " open . " lie found the i \ Iar / j yacht , left , by Sir John K ' oss , and launched her for use . She was much out , of repair , and be intended to haul her on lleeehy l . shmd .
'I he Moruiiii / Jlcrtrfd lias beard " Ihaf , inlelligonc < has been received from the squadron commanded by Sir I ] . Helcher , and led by him \ ip the Wellington Channel , lo the eH ' cct , thai , from what they have discovered lloafing down the channel -remains of whales , bears , : iiul other animal substances -the party havn been led ( o ( he conclusion that , not only is there food lor mankind in Mint din-el ion , bill , ( hat , the Uoaliii'T
poll ions of whales , and bears form I he relics of what , have been aclually consumed by human beings . Sir I ] . ISelcher has b y Ibis lime , most , probably , explored the regions proin iiuieed to be accessible by Capl . I'ciiny , but , injudiciousl y abandoned , and has thus confirmed the Irulh of IVnny ' . s testimony . It , is fenrful to contemplate the consequences of a year ' s delay in following the track presumed lo have been taken by I'Ynnklin , as of eour . se hopes ,, f ell ' eefunl succour niusf be diminished by til *; year ' s postponement of Mint wit re U which Penny
so warml y suggested on the spot , and which he so nobly volunteered to undertake on his return to En « - , land last autumn . " °
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 16, 1852, page 986, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1956/page/6/
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