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Leader (1850-1860), 23rd October 1852, Edition Town of 2, Page 1008, Untitled Article

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      ago . Stock having been mentioned , he agreed that the country was thin of stock . His reason is significant : — " One of tlic causes was the great difficulties the agriculturists had lately undergone . In numerous instances , grass land had been ploughed up , enabling the parties to dispense with part of -their stock , which gave them money to go on with and to grow more corn . " After declaiming in favour of a repeal of the malt tax , Mr . Chowler uttered the following extraordinarysmall essay on the philosophy of society : —

      " But if tlie revenue could not spare the amount of the malt tax , was there no other class able to pay a greater amount of taxation than at present ? He would just quote a passage or two from the Times . He did not suppose any one would say the Times was a friend of theirs ( the farmers ) , or likely to be guilty of exaggeration . A fewdays ago that journal described the prosperity of trade , and stated ; that in the last year eighty-one new factories were built or sot to work in the district of which Manchester is the capital , and it went on to mention the towns in which mills and factories were rising up ; and one , in particular , at Bradford , was mentioned , erected for the alpaca manufactures as well as cotton , covering six acres , ' th « principal feature to be a massive stone edifice , of

      considerable architectural pretensions , having one room m it 540 feet long , that is , about as long as the interior of St . Paul ' s , ' and so on . Had any of these colossal buildings been raised in agricultural districts ? Had the agriculturists had the means ? This article seemed to please the manufacturers ; and a few days afterwards a manufacturer wrote a letter to the paper , in which he noticed ' the indubitable signs of prosperity which greet the sight everywhere in Manchester and the surrounding district ; ' and he ( Mr . Chowler ) did not refer to this with envy ; he was glad his fellow-subjects had such success . But what said the manufacturer next ? Could agriculturists go and do likewise ? The most gratifying feature in the long

      ' list of names you publish of proprietors of new mills and extensions of existing works ( which , by the way , might be added to ) is that , with the exception of the few well-known rich old establishments who are extending their plant , they are men who have risen within the last dozen years from the operative classes by the force of indefatigable industry , ' and so on . He would ask that company , as practical men conversant with the state of the country , whether any occupiers of farms had been able thus to raise themselves by their industry within the last dozen years ? ( Loud cries of ' Hear , hear . ' ) Then the manufacturers were in a position to pay a greater share of taxation ; and it was the duty of the Government , if they found

      there was an inequality of the means of living as between one class and another , to attempt to restore the equilibrium , and perhaps the only means in their power at present was by taking off the * malt tax . He did not mean to say that would be of itself sufficient , but he thought it would go a great way to enable them to contend with their present difficulties . There were other sources which might make up the revenue if necessary ; it was probable that the interest of the national debt would be lowered . His impression was , that the manufacturing interest would not object to a repeal of the malt duty , nor to an import duty on spring corn , barley , oats , beans , and peas ; tliut would not bo taxing tho food of the people . The

      manufacture of flour that took place was another important matter . Tlie introduction of gold had been alluded to . He ( Mr . Chowler ) agreed that tlie agricultural interest had passed tho worst , but they had not got into the haven of prosperity , nor would they just yet , without Homo exertion . The introduction of gold hud been alluded to , as raising prices . That was a gratifying thing ; but there was an alloy—it encouraged emigration . Then was a disposition in all the best men they bud , the youngish men , to shift out of the country . What was tho cause ? That they wero not sullieiently ' paid for their labour here . Who

      would . stay hero for 7 s . or 12 s . a-week when they could get double or triple in another country ? But there must bo SHiicflmig wrong in it . system or a State where a largo part of the population were compelled to labour at such 1 )\ v \ vagen , while in other distrists—the manufacturing —• they could get three , or four times an much . What constituted the dillVrcnce between tlie Hampshire labourer and the Lancashire manufacturer ? Were they not both ' . Englishmen ? Was it well that one portion of the labouriMg p <) pulatioii should be on low wages , and another fjel . three or four times as much , and wallow in luxury and ease ?"

      Mr . Chowler demanded perfect freedom for the fanners to grow what they like ; , and use ; their crops sih they like , without interference from the exciseman . Mr . Ueusley , the vice-cliairnum , corrected both Lord Berners and Mr . Chowler respecting tin ; enu . se of the short stock of sheep . " Mr . ( 'howler attributed the increase of the price of mutton to diminished . supply . | Mr . Chowler , we believe-, here . said , ' Tartly . ' | Now , when he ( Mr . Heasley ) looked nl , the London market , and Haw Mint there were MO .

      Hhoep in Sinitlilield , exclusive of tlie foreign importations , and when be remembered that ^ 0 , 000 nhee |> in Sniithfield tis <«! to be considered a xi ^ y large market , be could not think that there was a diminished supply of sheep in tho country- Tho »» cre , aso of price , in his mind be wuh willing t «> hope so , though he was a sound ProteetioniHt --wan in consequence of the increased prosperity ol the manufacturing districts . lie could not shut bis eyes to the fact , that , vJiero there wan such great prosperity us m the large manufacturing towns of Lancashire and ^ orUshire , and in tho neighbouring town of Nottingham , M «> consumption of heed" and million and Hour very greatly increased . Th « importation of gold , be agreed , must have a mire , though a hIow and gradual eliee , t upon prices ; and 1 " > roally hoped thorn was ' looming in the distance' ( a lau / jfu ) ix boitur pruupoct tliau thoro hud boon fur oovorul yoara .

      And so , after a few more speeches of this calibre , the latest of the famous Waltham dinners ended . Lord Granby was absent ; and not a single Manners made it convenient to attend .

      Untitled Article

      LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ From our own- Correspondent . ] Letter XLIII . Paris , October 19 , 1 S 52 . Bonaparte has made his triumphal entry .. into the capital , in the midst of enthusiastic acclamations , and of the silence of the population . No precautions had been spared to assure the safety of a head so precious . An ordonnance , issued from the Prefecture of Police three days before , enjoined all proprietors and occupants of houses facing the line of passage to keep their windows open , even those of unoccupied apartments ;

      strictly forbidding them to allow the entrance into such apartments of any stranger . All bearers of parcels unauthorized by the police were to be marked . All these orders were immediately executed with extraordinary severity . The hotel of Lady Hertford not conforming to the ordonnance , was occupied by troops . This hotel ( you may remember ) is situated on the Boulevard des Italiens , the ground-floor being occupied by the Cafe de Paris . The first story is the residence of Lady Hertford ; the second story , before the Revolution of 1848 , was tenanted by Lord Henry Seymour , her second son . Since Lord Henry Seymour quitted Paris , his apartments have been kept strictly closed . Apolice agent , seeing thatthewindowswere shuttered , gave notice to the porter of the house to open them ; the porter , on the plea that he had no orders to that effect , refused to comply ; whereupon the police sent a platoon of firemen , who broke open the doors , took possession of the rooms , and occupied them in military fashion till 4 p . m . The same thing occurred in other houses , where soldiers were visible at the

      windows . All Paris , indeed , was in a state of military occupation . One-third of the army of Paris kept the ground on the line of the procession , the rest formed a reserve on the great lines of communication . The artillery were stationed in the grand Squares and Places , with cannon loaded and matches lighted . On the Place du Trone there was a battery of eight guns , on the pretext of firing a , feit dejoie , ( which was fired at the Invalides , ) but , in fact , to keep the Faubourg St . Antoine in awe . An immense onise en scene had been prepared by Persigny , on the plan pursued in the departments . Here , as throughout the Progress , every soul belonging to the

      administration , high or low , far or near , from the mayor to the garde cJiampelre , everybody wearing a scarf , a uniform , a riband , every official personage , from the gabelons ( collectors of the salt-tax ) and the rats de cave ( excisemen who collect the wine-tax ) , from theworkmen of the national tobacco , porcelain , cloth , and powder manufactories , to the mere scavengers employed by the police ; the rag-pickers , water-carriers , ticketporters ; all had been convoked . This List category of police dependents was decorated with the ambitious title of " corporations of workmen . " Each of these pretended corporations had received variegated banners adorned with ribands and ilowers , hut us the

      individuals composing these bodies could not be trusted , notwithstanding their dependence upon the police , they wen ; stationed on the Place de la Concorde , without being permitted to join the cortege . In fact , since 1781 ) there have been no proper corporations of workmen , nor trading guilds . In 1818 only , the workmen of Paris nominated delegates from each trade to draw up what we may call balance-sheets of all the arbitrary acts and all the abuses of over-work on the part of tho masters . Kach ol these , industrial bodies resumed on that occasion the title of " corporation , " but since the great , calamity of June , 1818 , the name lias never been heard of .

      Thus , wo see , Bonaparte , in order to persuade IOurope of his popularity , usurps tin ; Socialist designation ol " working-men ' s corporations , " and dresses out a few hundred miserable employes of the police in the popular guise . Andthesenien , earefullyconcealed from tliesightof the real people , were forbidden to figure in the cortege , where they might have been the cause of scandal and disturbance , The Municipal Councils of the three departments ofthc Seine , the Seine et ( ) ise , and the Seine et Maine , were convoked as they lind been in the other departments . Itonuparto received an allront from this quarter . IVrsigny had ordered tho two Prefects of the Seine et , Oise , and the Seine et JVlarne to ismio edicts enjoining the population of each commune to accompany their Municipal Councillors to Paris . The two Prefects replied to Persigny , Unit they found themselves under the disagreeable necessity of declining to comply with his orders , because they felt certain that the population would , if only out of obstinacy , resist Huch orders , and rcfuoo to bud&o u « tep from their

      homes . Tho same reply was given for the National Guard of these two departments , which was after all not convoked . Only the National Guard of the ban lieue was summoned , with the paid civic force of the metropolis . It formed tho line along the Boulevards opposite to the troops of the lino . To the right of each platoon was the Municipal Council of the com mune to which it belonged . The . National Guard of Paris , reduced to a force of 18 , 000 men from 150 000 as it was in the days of the Republic ( and 80 , 000 under the Monarchy of Louis Philippe ) , figured in the line of troops ; every one of its twenty-four battalions being intermixed with a battalion of the banlieue .

      Throughout the passage of the cortege the National Guard of Paris maintained an absolute silence . A few of the battalions from the banlieue imitated its reserve A number of triumphal arches had been erected along the course of the procession , some by orders of the municipal authorities , others Ly the administrations of the theatres , who used them as advertisements . The arch erected on the Pont d'Austerlitz by the municipal Council of Paris ( a council entirely nominated b \ the Government ) was 70 feet high , and was splendidly decorated : it bore the inscription , Vive I'Empereur . A second had been erected on the Boulevard Bourdon by the directors of the Hippodrome and of the Arenes Nationales ; that on the Place de la Bastille , by the Directeur du bal of the Elysee des Arts : that of the

      " Filles de Calvaixe , by the director of the Winter Circus ; that of the Delassements Comiques and of the Circus , by the directors of those two theatres ; that of the Porte St . Martin , by the director of that theatre ; that of the Boulevard des Italiens , by the directors of the Grand Opera and the Opera Comique . The secret of all this display of enthusiasm on the part of the theatrical managers is , that they are dependent on the Minister of the Interior , who can at a moment's notice withdraw their licences . They received instructions and executed them , like an " order of the

      day . " Voila tout ! This combination had the great advantage of hiding the hand of Government , and making attentive Europe believe in the real presence of an enthusiastic people . Hear how the Moniteiir raises its voice to contradict the Patrie , which had informed us that one of the arches was erected at the biddingoftheadininistration . " The manifestations which " are in course of preparation , " says the official ut ^ u , " are the spontaneous work of the population of Paristhe Government has had no hand in them . "

      Besides the triumphal arches , there were light pillars festooned with flags , { mats venitiens ) , which had served in the departments , and had been sent back by railway in time for this day . The Bonapartists had only to apply to the Prefecture de Police for a supply of these decorations . Inscriptions borne on st reamers were conspicuous along the line of march . Some bore Vive I'Empereur ; others , Vive Napoleon III . ; others , " Ave Ccesar , Iwperalor" &c . erect

      Every constituted corps was obliged to one with its own peculiar device at certain points designed by the police . The Tribunal of Commerce being thus compelled to display its device in front of the ] iou ™ > avenged its independence by a stern simplicity : Ihe Tribunal of Commerce to Louis Napoleon . Certain houses on " tho Boulevard were adorned with tricolor flags and draperies . All tho theatres were decorated with banners . All bore inscriptions suited to tlie occasion . At the < Jyninnse , it was an eagle holding m ifs talons u crown and sceptre , with this inscription below : Jim

      " To Louis- Napoleon , pcror . At the Ambigu Comique , we read the invocation oi Virgil to the ( Jods of his country in favour of AiiB ««« - '» whom he calls Mio " Saviour of the age : " " Dir . 1 'A . TItll ¦ INMUICTES , ' * ETC . a comic ambiquif- i / enough ! . ( , Towards noon " , the troops mid tho National t . i ^ took up their positions . The Municipal Counei the three departments , the colleges of Parin , wl ' mwi principals and professors in full costume , the coinu ^ Mrhools , and tlut schools of the Religious Hrotlu'rn ^ Sisters , took their places at the points "f' •? ""' , „„ .. oi Ill

      them . Presently arrived Mio delegation J -J ^ tended " corporations of working men , " as we ' ^^ delegation of the practical benefit societies » ^ which wen ; remarked the Amis de la Prcvo . yan , ^ Society of Salvors of Ui <» Heine , the loader * « loaders of the Untrepot ( bonded warehouse ) , u ' | . | iZl ,. ( . ion of blind men from the Hospital of '" " , j ( . olll-Vingt , the Society of i . lifl KpieurieiiH , tlio _ li «»« . curriers , the paviouivs , the Society of ^ urrM ^ > / ) f tl . o pressers , of working sugar-bakers , tho work in Palais de JWiee , of the Ulysce , of tho ' 1 r » nch »« , „ ,, factory , of the rnihvuys . All these depu ' » 10 "" 0 ( their " head u flag of green and gold ("' " j | l < jir tho President ) , or h tricolour flag . " » dlcll "J ^ ^ Vmclmractor , and Icuriiitf tho inscrip tion ,

      Untitled Article

      1008 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 23, 1852, page 1008, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1957/page/4/