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treasures-which would do all that could be asked in reason without disturbing the principle of unrestricted competi + on which had been recognised in the Speech . He referred to the emblazoned catalogue of feats achieved by the Freetrade party , and reminded Lord John Russell that the Minister who had carried free trade in corn was opposed to free trade in sugar , and that the Minister who had carried the latter had been averse toFree-trade in ships . Government had no policy of artificial prices or compensation for losses , hut he would say , in no cloudy language , that recent commercial changes had been made without necessary in the financial temand
and corresponding changes sys , that no proper revision of taxation had yet taken place . The Government intended to put hefore the House a system which proposed to harmonize the two existing systems . Ministers had not mentioned the Income-tax , because they had made up their minds on the subject . They would take the earliest day for bringing forward their measures , and he suggested to Mr . Villiers that the discussion he proposed should be blended with that on the Government proposition , and he thought that the latter could be brought on about Friday , the 26 th inst . No one was more anxious to meet this great controversy than himself .
Mr . Gladstone said , much had been gained by this discussion , and he thanked Mr . Villiers for his speech , which had elicited explanations from the Government which no doubt it had been intended to give , but which had previously been withheld . Considering that this was the winding-up of a great controversy , he thought the Government would have acted wisely in giving that night declarations on . the subject of commercial policy , which would have placed the matter beyond dispute . For the paragraph in the Speech had been defended by two Ministers on opposite grounds—that it avoided an amendment from either side of the House , and that it was not ambiguous at all . However , if the Protectionists did not stick at the declaration as to
unrestricted competition , what would they stick at after that ? But he reminded the House , that the constituencies of the kingdom had returned them for a specific purpose , from which they meant not to be turned away by any resolutions , upon abstract principles . A solemn and final sanction of Free-trade was now demanded , and they must now come to a decision on the issue that had been raised by the Premier . The }' wanted no abstract resolutions ; but they did want to set the public mind at ease by a recognition of Free-trade in reference to the past and to future legislation . Jealousy on the subject was not unnatural , considering the composition of the Government . Had Mr . Christopher heard the speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer ? He wanted no dishonourable declaration from the Government—no
statement as to internal conversion ; but he asked that those who held power in this country should be persons who had definitely and finally abandoned the idea of a return to a protective policy . More he did not demand- — loss the House could not accept . Mr . Newdegate reserved his opinion , having faith in the Government . Mr . Christopher retained his opinions ; , but bowed to the decision of the country . Mr . Heknal OsBOJtNE was less spirited than usual . Why did not the Chancellor of the Exchequer take his physic like a man ? Mr . Addehlisy defended Ministers . Mr . ComiEN asked how the country could accept such a paragraph as that in the Speech as n solution of a question of fourteen years' agitation ?
But , if the Cabinet really meant " unrestricted competition , " let the Chancellor of the- Exchequer second Mr . Villiers ' s motion , which should certainly mean nothing more than an affirmation of that principle . He would not hour of leaving the question on a temporary settlement , or of mixing it up with other matters . JJut ho denied that , «« V injury hud been indicted upon the agriculturists by 1 ' roe-Trade measures , and if there hud , ho alleged that the 'oniphiinants came into court with blood-stained hands . He could ilo | , , , , with Mr . Gladstone that Ministers Were not hound to avow ( heir personal convictions on the Hiihjeet . After contrasting the conduct of Ministers with •¦ hiil , of Sir Jt . Pool , who , on changing his opinions , both avowed the fact , and resigned office , Ire urged Mr . Villiers ' » lu-ing on his motion , which if Government opposed he . would oppose them to tho utmost of'hin power .
" ' . I ] . Ham , deprecated discussion on the present occasion , avowed himself a determined Protectionist , < eiueil that our present , prosperity arose from i'Yeonide , liu |; asserted tliiil , it came from u " moving loyideiiee , " and alleged that then ; was less corn grown 111 Kiitflund now than in the days of Protection . ' "t John Shkulkv whs glad there was one honest 1 rot ( ' i-tio » ist in tho House . l-oitn Pai . mkkhtcn applauded the good fuslo of Ministers in placing iu the outset of the Koyal l « 'eeh un allusion ( ,,, (] u > jrr ,. nt man whom we hud ( I }" ' adverting with approbation to other points in „; V l ""' » . Iuh lordship Haiti that what had I'ltN . sod that fro ' i ' v" I | OW ll ( 'C ( 'Nnary was a decidod A yc or No I ,. ' ! " . ' "o uho upon tho subject of Kree-Tiiufe . I ' ro-(• ,, „ , " ' H Hli " "xi « t < Ml , umldouhtH ' »•/ , ' ¦¦( , go forth I o tho Ari' ! . "V * " "' ° ° l » ni' <) ll ( l <> f l , lio majority of the House . ivf , ' . ' . I ' (> 1 " "' ul way in which tint question had been f , . ''" ' l '' 1 ' 0 " >• ' country , fie thought them ought to be a 'on , ' ! 'llu > llt '"» l > y ' hit Commons on tho point . He l » rin •" " l " "tf ' ' ¦'"¦• ' I'Vec-Tnido was a measure and not , a | t ' I ' ' , and considered that it ought to be laid down iih k'i-,, li |"' ' ' "" ''" ' »•¦«•¦•<> halation . ••« ' WI 1 H . ! l" » - « l « " - <' . ' leoin ll ' *'"' ( I iI " was to bo brought forward , ''"Ui " /! ' ^ HU ( 'I » a . course oHsontial to the welfare of the , 'I'l 1 (! Address wan ( hen rend / or the purpose of tho
question , and CoxONEli Sibthorp interposed an expression of disappointment , if not of disgust , at the conduct of those whom he had hitherto supported . The Address was then agreed to , and a deputation was appointed to present it . The House adjourned at halfpast nine .
THE HOUSE OF LORDS . The House met at five o ' clock , and the Address in answer to the speech from the Throne was moved by the Marquis of Bath , and seconded by the Earl of Donoughmobe . The Marquis of LiANSDOWNe , after some touching allusions to the loss which the country has recently snstained by the death of the Duke of Wellington , expressed disappointment at the hesitating character of the views of the Government upon the question of our commercial
policy" The time had certainly arrived at which her Majesty ' s Ministers might have been enabled to form a competent opinion upon the subject . The country had clearly abandoned the cause of Protection . He hoped the Government would now see that it was essential to the interests of the country that its future legislation should be conducted upon the same policy . If they did , they would be entitled to the support of every man in the country who was an advocate of Free-trade , and he should not withhold his own assistance . " Lord Brougham :, who scarcely alluded to any other subject , paid a brief but most eloquent tribute to the memory of the late Duke of Wellington . The Earl of Derby also panegyrised , in brilliant . _ language , the great qualities of the departed hero .
He congratulated the country upon the efficiency of tlie militia , which , he said , was as fine a body of men as had ever volunteered the defence of the State in the hottest period of the severest war , and added that , without meaning or desiring to offend any foreign nation , the Government would endeavour to provide for the defence of the country . He congratulated the House upon the prosperous condition of the country , which , he said , was equal , and in some respects beyond , that of 1846—a period of acknowledged prosperity . This , he did not hesitate to say , was attributable to the . legislation which , combined with other causes , had given the people the advantages of cheap and abundant food . But , whatever the cause , he was bound to look to the deliberate expression of the feelings of the country , which , he admitted , were opposed to the imposition of any tax on articles of provision . This
resolution , however , involved the whole of our financial policy . At the same time he did not hesitate to say that , after the opinion which had been pronounced by the country , whatever might be the views of himself and his friends as to what would have been a desirable policy , a recurrence to such a policy was impracticable , whilst if nracticablc it would be most unseasonable . He therefore bowed to the opinion of the country , and , whilst , desirous of mitigating the unavoidable evils which had been inflicted upon important classes , he should adopt that policy frankly , arid endeavour to carry it out honestly and fairly . He would not now enter into details , but in the course of a fortnight the Chancellor of the Exchequer would lay before the other House the financial measures which her Majesty ' s Government were of opinion ought to be adopted under present circumstances . The Address was then agreed to , and their lordships adjourned .
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DEATH OF DANIUL WEBSTER . News arrived from New York , by the America , on Monday , that on Sunday , the 24 th of October , Daniel Webster , whose reputation in Europe has been greater than that of any other American statesman , and whose popularity in his own country has been surpassed by few of his contemporaries , died at Mar . shlield , surrounded by his relatives and friends . What appears to be the most authentic account of his eiul we subjoin . Mr . Webster had been seriously , but not as it seemed dangerously , ill for some . time . On Tuesday , the li ) tb , lie abruptly became much worse , and as his end was obviously approaching , he was
bidden to prepare for the worst : — "On Thursday , before he finally took to his bed , he prepared his last , parcel of despatches for the President , ami dictated upwards of thirty letters to Iii . s friends and correspondents ; Lilt to them all he signed his own name . Whenever Mr . Webster bus been at , Iris IVlarnlilield maiiniori il , has been filled with guests , and now all his illustrious friends , who were on terms of micli intimacy with hint that they fell , justified in going t <> his house , gathered around him . His )> cil was in a capacious and stalely room , whero a large number of persons could assemble wit bout crowding . Among these visitors were some of those men who have for twenty or thirty years been Known as his
confidential friends , most , of whom lime been active in bringing forward Mr . Webster's nanio iih the I ndependent Ifnion candidate for tho Presidency , lie conversed with them about public matters with a culnmc . ss and interest which showed that tho welfare of his country was as present and dear to him as ever . On 1 'Yiduy afternoon , when he liiul rallied from continued paroxysms of pnin , ho was raised up in his bed to address the members of bis household , and all tin' people employed on his estate , who had aHHCiuhlcd to ( uko their farewell of the jrrcut and good man whom they had been proud to call their master . I do not know that his exact words have been preserved as they fell from his lips . Wo know their HiiliHtuneo , however . He gavo to those persons whom ho called his ' faithful and familiar friends' the most earnest advice about their temporal affaira first ; ' because , ' aaid he , ' you will roiuuin iu
this world after I have left it , and you have your duties to perform to your day and generation while you stay . ' He then alluded to the circumstances and the condition of almost every person present , and , dropping a word of counsel and friendly suggestion for the advantage of each , ho turned away from the contemplation of the earth , and directed their thoughts to the future life . ' There , ' said Mr . Webster , ' centre all my hopes . You will allot'you at some day feel that it is not a small thing 1 so to live that you may die calmly , confidingly , penitently , and full of hope . ' The weeping group closed around his couch , and one by one Jie bade them , ail farewell . " Several interesting incidents occurred during Friday night , and several times Mr . Webster ' s sufferings returned upon him with a power that seemed almost irresistible .
By his side stood two of the most eminent medical men ot Boston ; and even they were counselling with other illustrious associates in their profession . All thai human skill , science , and affection could do was done for the illustrious sufferer . It became quite evident to his physicians , however , that nothing remained for thorn to do but to administer such palliatives as might alkniate , as far as possible , the severity of his sufferings . An hour or two after midnight on that day he was again attacked with violent vomitings , which lasted for forty minutes . During this time his sufferings were terrible . They were , however , followed by four . hours of respite , in . which lie remained in a tranquil state . His mind continued not only calm but lucid . He was fully conscious of his condition , but he
conversed with perfect composure about his stale , and had a word of consolation to every weeping friend around him ; and it was remarked that he was the ' most cheerful person in the room . A little after six o ' clock on Saturday morning the attacks of vomiting again caine on , and each one left him still more feeble ; but his powers of resistance seemed inconceivable . Something more than common sufferings seemed necessary to waste his vitality ; and yet , during this protracted agony , a despatch , signed by Dr . Warren , of Boston , says— ' Although Mr . Webster is gradually sinking , and he can scarcely live twenfyrfour
hours , yet his frame of mind is that of entire tranquillity and happiness . He attends to all necessary business , and his mind maintains its usual attention to all subjects and persons . ' This was dated at twelve o ' clock . " At 2 o ' clock r . M . a distinguished friend writes this despatch from the dying chamber : — Mr . Webster continues to sink . His mental faculties seem unclouded and brilliant as ever . He occasionally speaks to his family , contemplates death calmly , and is perfectly resigned . A few minutes after two o ' clock the celebrated Dr . Jackson
left Marshheld with the belief that Mr . Webster could not live through the night . . "Repeatedly during the forenoon of Saturday , and the early part of the afternoon , while he was suffering lertst , he conversed freely and wilh great clearness of detail about his private affairs and tho condition of his farms , unfolding very completely all his agricultural plans , and impressing upon his farmers the manner in which he wished to have these plans carried out . "A little aft or ft o ' clock in the afternoon extreme nausea returned , and he raised much dark matter , tinfoil with
blood . r lhe exhaustion which followed was so apparent , that in another consultation his physicians concluded that , Ins last hour lnul nearly come . When thev announced to him their opinion , he received it wilh the calmest cheerfulness , and requested that the ladies of his family might be called in . They were Mrs . AYehsler , his wife , Mrs . Fletcher Webster , his son ' s wife , Mrs . Paige , and i \ l iss Downs , of New York . As they approached the bed ho extended to them oii (! by one his hand , calling them bv name , and ollering to them support and appropriate words of farewell and religious eonsolat ion .
"He next requested the male members of his family , and the personal friends who had been with him during his illness , to approach him ; and as thev came , up one by oik ; he recalled pleasant reminiscences of' their past lives , with u clearness of mind which l \ ' \ v men ever show during the noontide of nmrdy strength and health . To ciiciiono of these friends lie also addressed some special words of religious counsel , adding in the one case ( hat his mind had never faltered in the full faith of ( 'hrist iunil y , and il , now constituted the consolation and the glory of hi ; - ; last hours .
"It Mas now about , half-past ( i on Saturday evening , and , as daylight was fading away the last fading day light , he was ever to witness on earth and alter an hour ol " conversation and intercourse with his friends , he closed his eyes , and in unnluriil strong , clear , full voice , offered up an extempore pravcr to Heaven , filled with iiianv expressions of gratitude lor blessings given , of penitence lor sins committed , and closed with these words : ' Heavenly Father , forgive my sins , and receive me ( o Thyself through Jesus Christ . ' "At , half-past 7 Dr . Warren arrived from lioslun ( o relieve Dr . lelfries as Hie immediate medical ill ( endiinl . As tin 1 latter parted from liim , and told liiin lie ciinlil do nothing more for him than administer occasionally a sedative potion , 'Then , ' said Mr . Webster , * let me lie patiently till tho end . If it he mo , may ii , soon conic !' "At , last , between VJ and 15 o ' clock on Sunday morning , the tilth ol' October , all that , was mortal of Daniel Webster ceased ( o exist . " Tho intelligence spread acfually wilh ( he lapidify of lit ] hl- ) iin <) over 1 Iu * whole Union ; for ( lie telegraph silently fold tl »* sad slory ( o the people at . JNew Orleans on flic , siune morning , " ( iloom and grid were everywhere visible ; and Hags draped wilh hliick ; minute guns liring , all day in sonic place- ! , hells ( oiling mournfully , made evident t lie universality of flic feeling of the people : so that if . may he fairly said Daniel VVchsfer died on Sunday morning , and nil day long over the thousiuids of miles of the vast continent , tho nation heard and mourned his death . Tim funeral of Mr . Websler look place at Marsliliohl , on tho ii'Jth of October , in the presence of a vast < : on-
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i November 13 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 1079 ; j » ¦ —
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 13, 1852, page 1079, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1960/page/3/
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