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veyed with great labour from Tripoli across the burning sands of Sahara , laden in pieces on a number of camels . In . September , 1851 , the two travellers set out together on a journey to Borgu , a mountainous country lying to the north-east of Lake Tsad , about midway between it and Egypt . Since that time no communications whatever from the travellers had reached Europe , and apprehensions beganto be . entertained as to their safety . These have , however , happily been proved to be unfounded by the despatches just received , by which we learn that the travellers have hitherto escaped all dangers , and are in possession of the best health and spirits , making great progress in their explorations .
The Sheikh of Bornu and his allies sent forth in the latter end of 1851 an army to invade the countries situated eastward from Lake Tsad , and that army the travellers accompanied , hoping , under their protection , to explore the region as far as Borgu and Wadai . At no great distance from Lake Tsad , however , they were met by the enemy , defeated , and put to flight so suddenly , that Barth and Overweg saved their lives and instruments only by a quick retreat . Having again reached Kuka , they learnt that another and a very considerable ghazzia was to be despatched , led on by the Vezeer of Bornu himself ; but this time it was directed against the Sultan of Mandara , a country to the south of Bornu , already known through Major IDeiiham ,
who there met with so narrow an escape on a similar occasion . The two travellers , however , were not to bo discouraged , and set out again with the Bornuese army , which consisted of about 10 , 000 horse and the same number of foot soldiers , with innumerable trains of camels and other beasts of burden . On this occasion the army was more fortunate , the enemy retreating as it advanced , and no regular battle even ensued . The army—and the travellers with them—went a considerable distance beyond Denham ' s furthest , and were only then stopped by the Serbenel , a very considerable river running into the Shary . The ghazzia thence returned with a booty of about 5 , 000 slaves and 10 , 000 head of cattle , having been absent two months ( December , 1851 , and January , 1852 ) . The regions visited are described as most fertile and rich .
From the end of March to the end of May last , Dr . Overweg made a successful journey from Kuka in a southwesterly direction , and reached to within 150 English miles of Yacoba , the great town of the Fellatahs , Avhile Dr . Barth went south-east on a journey to the powerful king-dom of Baghirmi . On the loth of August , the date ofOverweg's latest letter , the former had not yet returned ^ from that country to rejoin his companion at Kuka , thei # ^ intention then being to push on to thjp south , towards the Indian Ocean , which to reach is their ultimate goal , and the grand object of their gigantic journey , and which other three or four years will be necessary to bring to a close . I refrain from comment upon the geographical results of this highly-successful expedition , but would , in conclusion , only beg to draw attention to one point of great importance as regards commerce and civilization .
The subject of ascending the Ivawara ( commonly called Niger ) is at present once more seriously thought of in the plan of Lieutenant M'Looel , K . N ., which , there is little doubt , is superior to any previous one , and justifies the hope of success . If this project be realized , it would be worthy of consideration to attempt the further exploration of flic Tchadda on the same excellent plan . This river , as is well known , unites with the Kawara not far from its mouth , '"" which it certainly rivals , it it . docs not surpass it , in magnificence . " That this immense river—a kdcoiuI Niger—extends right , into the hearl . of Inner -Africa , was conjectured Home time wince , but only last year was this supposition corroborated by the actual exploration of . Dr . Barth , who , in his journey to Aelumana , crossed the Bonne , « i splendid river , half " a mile broad and 10 feet deep , which lie ascertained to be the upper course of the Teluulda . " From all ( hut \ h \ Harth snys in his lust , us well as in bis
nrevious letters , I am inclined to think that , the Trliaddu will eventually form the natural and most , important lino from the west for spreading commerce and civilization into the very heart of Inner Africa , and extinguishing the slave t rude by extending IOuropeun influence to the . sources ofllio . slave ; . supply . The Sheikh of Hornu Iiuh repeatedly expressed to the two travellers Ins desire ; of forming a closer bond of friendship with I he ICuglisli for the purpose of establishing a peaceful and regular commerce and abolishing the slave trade , and the hcsl . proof of his . sincerity towards the Knglisli is the kind and generous manner in which lie linn ul . all times ( rented their representatives . The kingdom of Adainanii , Minuted in tho \ alley of the upper Tcliudda , wil h its . pastoral and agricultural population , is spoken of aa the most , beautiful country in (' oiitrnl Africa , and us such may probably become Mm key In 1 , 1 ie interior of thai continent .
At present the town of Kano , minuted between ( . lie Kawara and Lake Tsud , is tl / fc great iiiurl . of the interior ; there the Knglish merchandise ; coining from the north by the very tedious and imperfect roads through thet ( iivu . 1 . Desert , meets with ( . lie A mericuii merchandise coming liy sfcuiu up ' b < ' Kawara from the noiiI . Ii , where , us-is well knowji , American influence in Kiiiviieling fu . st . The < « reu ( . Desert will ever forma natural harrier , and prevent , the establishing <» f Kuropeiin commerce of any considerable magnitude ; it . in to I . Iie Kuwara . and ( . lie Tchudda , and more particularly the lul . l . er , thai , we nmsf . look as the moans of a ready access into l . lie virgin countries anil the inexhaustible natural wealth of Inner Africa . I am , sir , your very obedient , humble servant , AlMJUKTUH I'K-J'UltMANN . (! haring-croNS , Nov . liLJ .
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. NHW TIMAIi OK TH 10 ACHILIJ CASIO . Dit . Nhvvman wus brought , up to receive judgment , in the great , Achilli libel case , before Lord Campbell and Justices Ceih-rielge ; , Wightniuii , and lOrle , in the Court of Queen ' s Heneh on Monday . The court , wus crowded with auditors , and I lie lOarl of Carlisle ) saf , on the buck benches . When I , lie Atfe > rne ; y- ( ie ; ne ; nil pniyed judgnie-ul . upon . lolm Henry Ne > u'in ; m , jnid Dr . Newman re > se \ and \ v ; in by pennisHiem e > f the court allowed te > bo seated . Sir Alexander (' oekhurn moved for a ne-w trial .
He ; ( lio-1 so on three grounds ; the ; improper ivjee'tion of evidence ; misdirection ; and thai , flu ; verdict wus against the evidence ; . Te > establish these : points , he ; insisted , first , that he had not been allowed to examine ; Dr . Aebilli us to ael . s of ine-ontiiie ; ne-e ;; and Mud . I . lie ; Dublin /' fv / rin , in which the ; main l ' iu-ts of the ; libe'l eirigiiially appeared , was not , admitted in e'viele-ne *; . Hoth these reasems were overruled by the ) ce > url .. The ; next , point , was that , | , he jury liuel bee-n misdirected us to the oxuet weight , to lie attached to the ) document put iu from tho lneiuiaitiou at Komw . They hud buun told
that it was more probable Dr . AeMrilli was suspended for heresy than for immorality . The last point was that the verdict was against the evidence . To show this , Sir Alexander went through the evidence at great length , commenting on the transactions at Viterbo Naples , Capua , Corfu , Zante , Malta , and in Eng land ! Indeed' , he had never seen a stronger feelin g or mor e determined bias than , was manifested by the jury upon this trial . ( A burst of applause . ) After a conference Lord Campbell granted a rule for a new trial , on the ground that the verdict was against the evidence , and on that ground only . Another burst of applause and stamping closed up the proceedings .
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THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN MAIL STEAM COMPANY . A Special General Meeting of the Proprietors of the Royal Australian Mail Steam Company was held on Wednesday last , to receive an explanation as to th e management of the Company ' s affairs , principally with regard to their steamer Melbotirne . Several proprietors were urgent for the appointment of a committee of inquiry , declaring that in that way only could the whole truth be ascertained , and that they could not be satisfied by an exparte statement from the chairman . It appeared , however , that a committee of inquiry could not be appointed without a fresh requisition ; and in any case Mr . Hawes , the chairman , declared that he would not be tried by such a tribunal on char ges which , he said , personally affected him . He would rather bring them before lier Majesty ' s judges . The meeting , then , having no other alternative , heard wha t Mr . Hawes had to say in proof that the Melbourne was an excellent ship , that the Company had bought her a bargain , that the Directors were most zealous , able , and so forth , and that nobody was in fault but Captain Cox , whom the Directors have dismissed . Mr . Hawes took care to tell the Proprietors that the Company had suffered considerable injury already from the stir which had been made about these matters ; and this hint , aided by Captain Stanley Carr ' s peace-making proposal , that all present should agree in making the best of what he considered a blunder on the part of the Directors , had the effect of winding up the proceedings with a vote of condonation and confidence .
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IMPORTANT JUDGMENT ON THE KAIL WAY CAB-STAND QUESTION . Mr . A'Eeckett gave his ' decision on two cases of vast importance to the public who have occasion to travel by the various railways in and near the metropolis , on Monday . These cases had been adjourned chiefly at the request of the Brighton Hailway Company . Tho first was that of Mr . Williams , n cab proprietor , against Thomas Hall , driver , badge 406 , for plying for hire inside the terminus of the London and Brighton Hailway station , that not being a place authorized by tho Commissioner ^ of Police ; . Mr . Ballantine attended for the complainant , and it was expected that Mr . Clarksem would have attended for the railway company , but it wus intimated to Mr . A'Beckett , by Mr . Noakes , tho
. se-e-onel clerk , that the company did not intend to oppose ) hi s worship ' s decision . Accordingly , Mr . A'Bce : ke ; tt gave ; tho following judgment : — "TliisiHacasohenreloiitlie ) 15 th e > f hint month , when the ele-leiiehint nppe'nre-el to answer to a munineins , in which io wus charge ; et with pl ying for biro ' <; lse ; where , ' within I lie niotropeilitan peilie-e ) district , than at a standing or ]) la < -e appe > inle ; d for that purpose , it wrh proved Mini the elcfeiielantwas plying lor hire-at , the terminus of the Hngh <» l Knilway , wlie-re ; no ulnnding bus been appointe-el IiyHi " (' e ) inmi ' sHioners of i ' e . lie-e ; . I postpe > neel the ; iiillie ; tie > n en a penall not . from any eloubt , as le > the ; law , hut only ' <»
y , g ive ; lime ; tor the ; lnw to be ; ce > mplie ; el with , in the nite-rvnl , the ; ruilwuy e-emipnny has hreiught unele-r my ne > tie : e a nisei which lias ' lje ; e ; ii uubniitte-el to the Ke > lieitor- ( « e-iwnii ntiel Mr . liovill a ge ; ntl < 'imm e > f consiele-rnlilei e-xpcn < ' > "' < ' a , the ; bur whe > agm > in an eipiniem adverse ; te > my ele-e-isioii . I am e > f e-eair . se inclined te > g ive ; elue ; e . -einsieh-ral ion to i « n opinion e-niniiating IVe > m se > hig h an aut . hen-ily " " Ne > lieile > r- ( , ie-ne-rul nearly the ; hig hest non-juehe-ial law au-Miority in the ; kin ^ f loin ' ; but . I am bo . inel to admim ^' l , he lnw ne-e-e > reling tei my cemHe-icnce ; tinel abihl . V , w "" Mill III , VY ( M VUIMIII ^ »¦*/ 7 ' •• - ¦•• ¦> --- - ¦ 1 I " Illft
, ( ruiele ; inei to the ; Humem > nclusion an that nt which ' '" . lirsl , inslm . ee nrrive-el . The ; opinion relerre-il < e » , idler i" " muting that a ' railway slat iem is not a p lae-e- u itln " meaning e » f the- act , ' uiciil ions the ; dine ; e > f I ' aul " •'"'" , ' and e-e . ne-llides )> y nuw » t \ ntf that if the ; atle-iili <«< «; ' , ' le-urne-el mn in | . ratei wart ne > l , eliree-tcel te ) the ; e-iiKO ot I » ni Jaihe-s , ho woulel p reiliably re--e-e » iKUele-r liis o ]) llii <"' - ^ utt .-ntion has he-en freini ( . he ; first , elire-ele'el te ) that e -uM , which It w iih held that lOly-plae-e ; was not n P '" '" ' ., . I he ; ,-on . niisHie rs lor the ; liberty of Saflron-h . ll **' . ' *' , ^ 1 *» «» - plae-e-8 ce . ulel iiHSUinei juriselie-t ion Io pave ; . N " , , | " -r Ihe ) nioMM liefure eloe ' not raise theeiiu ^ tiem w icllie-¦
; me ; -n ; niotiH ( KMore ; me ; eioe-n noi . inn" ¦»» ' -i" - <¦ jj 1 ( , railway ti-rniinus in n ]) lne-e ; within Miei jiie-anmf , ' <> statute , hut simply whollior a hm-UiMiy < -iirnn B «; , . V h for hire ; at , the ; l * ri hloii Knilwn . y t .-nnniuM , ih |» . h for hire ' e-lse-whe-re * Limn nt . it Mtnnel . nK «» r appoinfed for Mint , j . urpeme- by l » i « ' (! " " ""! 1 ! ... rlli I ' oli ,,.. The euHe ; J I ' aul , > . . lan . es , on tho « " V of wliirh il . Jiiih Ihioii mi ^ esteMl that , i Hhoulel r «; - < : e' « ' ^ my tk-ciuion , huu conuoeiucnlly uwtlun tf to ao w ^"
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( CAPTAIN IN ( ilLKI < 'NOIiI )* S AKC'I'K , ' DISCOVKKIKS . Tug ( jieejgraphie-al J-ioe ; ie-ty uutt e > a Moneluy , to he-ai Captain Inglcliuld , tho coiniaaiukr of the Isabel ncruw
schooner , read an account of his late search for Sir John Franklin in the Arctic regions : — " When he sailed from England the season was far advanced ; in fact he left three months later than the Government expedition of last year . Notwithstanding this ho had succeeded in reaching a " considerably higher latitude than bad been attained by Moss and Parry in their voyage of 1818 , having explored and laid down 600 miles of new coast line , determining also that the entrance into Whale Sound was a great strait passing into an open sea , and thus apparently defining Greenland as an island . On the northern shore of this strait Captain Ingleiield discovered several islands ( Northumberland Island , Sir Thomas
Herbert ' s Island , and Louis Napoleon ' s Island ) , all of which were rapidly surveyed and laid down upon the charts now exhibited . Leaving this sound ( as it had hitherto been termed ) , he sailed northward in the direction of Smith's Sound , and there found a great extent of sea stretching far before him . On the 27 th of August , at 2 p . m ., he attained the latitude of 78 deg . 35 min ., nearly 120 miles farther north than any former voyagers , and within a great sea , the entrance of which was thirty-iive miles across , only partially encumbered with ice , and which upon the eastern shore seemed perfectlynavigable . Capt . Inglefield stated that he had thus entered the great Polar basin , and declared that he believed he would have been able to have pushed through , in the direction of Behring Strait , had the gale , which fairly blew him out of it , not defied his utmost efforts . The small hisrh-pressure engine with which , the Isabel was
fitted was only equal to pushing the vessel m calms or light winds . The strong breeze soon increased to a furious gale of wind and snow , and lasted thirty hours , during which time the ship remained hove to . After it moderated , Captain Inglefield described the perilous situation in which he was suddenly placed by driving into the lee pack , and exhibited a sketch of the position of his vessel upon this occasion . By hours of great exertion he was released , and , closely examining the western shore , entered Jones Sound on the 30 th of August . Here he penetrated to long . 84 deg ., and found at this point that the coast suddenly trended away to the north-west , whilst the southern shore continued westerly as far as the eye could reach , but no land could be distinguished at the bottom of the sound , nor could any trace of the missing expedition be discovered . On the 1 st of September Commander Inglefield sailed from Jones Sound with , the intention of
communicating with the squadron of Sir Edward Belcher ; he reached Beechey Island on the 7 th of September , and , after depositing his letter-bags and receiving others in return for England , sailed the same day , with a view to commence a more detailed examination of the western shores of Baffin Bay than former navigators had been able to bestow on that coast . Commander Inglefield was unsuccessful in finding any traces of the missing expeditions on these shores , which he explored as far south as the Itiver Clyde , where the ice fixed to the land and , stretching nearly across Baffin Bay , carried him over to
the eastern shore , in the neighbourhood of Disco Islands , where he encountered a succession of gales , which he describes as being tho most violent he had ever witnessed ; and which , owing to the proximity of the ico and the vast berg . s which surrounded tho coasts , rendered them doubly elange ; re ) us . After several fruitless efforts to get into Northumberland Inlet ( where tho commander intended to winter ) , he was , at tho earnest representations of his iconiaste-rs , ( breed te > relinquish the attempt , and bore up lor . Knglanel on the 14 th of October , arriving at IVterhcad exactly four months from flu ; day he . sailed . "
Sir Je ) hn . 1 toss thougtit that tho energetic exertions e > f Captain Inglefield had completely established that Franklin never went up Wales or Jones sounds , or any other passage at the head of Haflin Hay . It remained , therefore , e > nly to look to the Wellington Channel . We elraw attention to the ; facts contained in the above report ., which may lie summed up in a few words . According to Captain Ingle ; fie-ld , he had found that ( jive-nlane ! is an islanel : that he hael enfercel the great
I \> lar liiisin le-aeling probably to Be-hring ' s Straits ; that hirels , positive shoals e > f birds , existed in the ; parts hi ! hael visited ; nnel that tin ) spe ;( rie ; s e > f liiolluse-u upein whie ; h the- whahis leeel were found by Dr . Sutherland . The Captain cxprcsse-el hi * -belief that Sir John Franklin was still to he ; found , anel hope'el the ; Isabel might be ; e ; inpleiycd in the <> xainhiatie > n of the ) Neu betwe-esn Nova Ze ; nibla anel Spit / , be : rge ; n , which Sir JeMiii Franklin hael strongly wishe-d le > explore ; .
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1132 THE LEADE R . ^ [ SA * ttRtoAY ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 27, 1852, page 1132, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1962/page/8/
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