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Cniummiitl Mitra.
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rpil H M 'A IMON KTTIOS ut. Mm St. .1 AM lOS'H I Til KATUN.--HlM^'I CNHKlili HK-A IM'KA KANCN.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Kirn I , Week ol ' flin Opera t . iiiiiimny . On 'Monday , IJ <>« : ciuhrr l . 'Kh , «>"' «> v «» ry Kvimiiif ; duri ng tho W « mk , al . Kijjlil , A Mow Introductory Address , liy Mr . Allmny Hrown ; aflor \ vlii «; li , n Now fToro do ( JirronHlanoti , oulillod AN AIM'KAIi TO 'I'll 10 Al'DI I'JN (! K , or Ilio Manager in l ) itll «•» " ' ' ' •> ^ s-: . AninliilJunitrei , 1 h . Uox Oilloo ul" tho Thontor opou Doily , from iMovon till l . ' 'ivo .
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tain elements in the blood and the tissues . Any great abstraction of beat from tne system must consequently be followed by increased absorption of oxygen to make up the loss . Life therefore is rendered possible nlV by fulfilment of the condition , that the application of cold to the skin shall excite the lungs to greater activity . Hence those convulsive inspirations produced by a shower-bath , or by walking into the sea ; hence the remedy for asphyxia from carbonic acid—deluging the patient with cold water ; hence the use of sprinkling in the face to revive those who have fainted . Now , the action of the lungs in laughter is essentially the reverse of that produced by cold or by exertion . The effort made is , not to take in more air but to take in less .. By a series of convulsive muscular contractions , tbe contained air is , as far as possible , expelled ; a short inspiration follows , and then another series of expulsive movements ; and so on till the laug hter ends , we being then , as we often significantly say , " out of breath . " Evidently the result of all this must be a temporary falling off in the absorp tion of oxygen , a corresponding diminution of vital activity , and , by implication , a decrease of that high cerebral excitement , of which . , as we saw , laughter is a consequence . It may also be remarked , that the mechanical action by which laughter is effected , itself aids the same end ; seeing that the muscles employed , making as they do a demand on the system for blood , must indirectly tend to diminish the circulation in the brain . So that the protection of the brain from effusion , and from rupture of its bloodvessels , is subserved both by the laughter itself and by the contractions producing it . In crying , too , which , as shown , is accompanied by excess of cerebral circulation , the action of the lungs is in essence the same . The long and forcible expirations , and the short inspirations , which characterize it , must similarly cause deficient oxygenation and its results . The liability of crying to run into hysterical laughter may thus be readily understood ; the one being simply a less intense form of the other . On turning to the plates of Quain ' s Anatomy , in the distant hope of learning how this effect of the feelings upon the lungs was produced , I was surprised to find the agency effecting it distinctly visible . Each of the carotid arteries , just before its entrance into the brain , is surrounded by a nervous plexus derived from a branch of the great sympathetic nerve . The lower part of the sympathetic nerve sends fibres to join the pulmonary plexus , and the motor nerves of the intercostal and abdominal muscles . Thus distention of the carotids , by impressing the nerves surrounding them , sends a reflex stimulus to the apparatus by which laughing is effected . Laughter and tears , then , are both caused by pressure on the cerebral bloodvessels , and have alike the effect of lessening that pressure . TVhen the arteries supplying the brain are considerably distended from pleasurable emotion , laughter results ; when considerably distended from painful emotion , tears are produced ; when excessively distended from either cause , we have tears and laughter simultaneously . The extreme importance of these two checks to the cerebral circulation will be seen on remembering the liability to be paralyzed by strong shocks of grief or joy ; and , further , on remembering that those kinds of mental excitement which are not accompanied by tears or laughter — as great anxiety or intense intellectual action—are common causes of paralysis .
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The Qkeat Dtjktc of M ' ahlho hough . —Our chief , whom England and all Europe , Having only the Frenchmen , worshipped almost , had this of the god-like in him , that ho was impassable before victory , before 'linger , beforo de-font . Hefore the greatest obstacle . ) or the most trivial ceremony ; before a hundred thousand '"• in drawn in battalia , or u peasant slaughtered ill , the < loor of h ; H burning hovel ; before 11 carouse of drunken ( 'i ! rnmn lords , or a monarch ' s court , or a cottage table , u'liero his plans won * laid , or an enemy ' s buttery , vomiting flume and death , and strewing corpses round il hout hini ; —ho was always cold , calm , resolute , like ' ' ' - lie performed a treason or : i court-bow ; ho told il falsehood as black as Styx , as easily as he paid ucohi-I'hiiKMil , or . spoke about the weather . lit ) took a mis-( t ( ' , and loft ; her ; lie betrayed his benefactor , and Sll l > porled him , or would have murdered him , with the SilI "o eiilmnoHH always , and having no more remorse ( hnii ( ! lotl » o , when she weaves the thread of Lachesis , u'hen kIio outs it . 1 ' orhap . H he could not have boon the K ' (> at man he was , h ; ul be bad a heart either for love (> l ' hatred , or pity or fear , or regret or remorse . lie il ( 1 hiev < id the highest deed of during , or deepen ! , cah-ula' ! » <> f thought , an be performed the very nieiuiest ac-; " >» of which a man is capable ; told a lit ) , orehuated a lon woman , or robbed a poor beggar of u halfpenny , Wl 'h a lijC ( , , lwf ,, i H 4 . , nity and equal capacity of the '"KhcHt and lowest nets of our nature . His <| imlil , ioH wore nretty well known in tbo army , where then ; were I'urttoa of uU politioktf , and of plenty of whrowdncHH and
wit ; but there existed such a perfect confidence in him , us tbe first captain of the world , and such a faith and admiration in his prodigious genius and fortune , that the very men whom he notoriously cheated of their pay , the chiefs whom bo used and injured —( for be used all moil , groat and small , that came near him , as his in-Htruments alike , and took something of theirs , either some quality or some property , —the- blood of a soldier , it might be , or a jewelled hat , or a hundred thousand crowns from a king , or a portion ' out of a starving sentinel ' s three farthings ; or ( when he vv : is young ) a kiss from a woman , and tho gold chain off her neck , taking all ho could from woman or man , and having , as I have said , this of tbe god-like in him , that he could see a hero perish or a sparrow lull , with the sumo amount of sympathy for either . Not that ho had no tears ; ho could always order up this reserve at tho proper moment to battle ; ho could draw upon tears or smiles alike , and whenever need was for using this cheap coin , lie would cringe to a shoeblack , as ho would flatter a minister or ii monarch ; ho haughty , be humble , threaten , repent , weep , grasp your hand or stab you whenever be saw occasion ) -Hut yet those of the army , who know him best ami had suffered most from him , admired him most of all ; and as he rode along ( ho lines to battle or galloped up in the nick of time to a battalion reeling from before tho enemy ' s charge or shot , tho fainting men and officers got nuw courage as they Haw tho splendid culm of his face , and felt that bin will made thorn hroaintiblo . —TuAOJiBitAir ' B JSsmond .
Cniummiitl Mitra.
Cniummiitl Mitra .
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MONEY MARKET AND CITY TNTELLTO-ENCE . BRITISH FUNDS FOR TIIK PABT WKEIC . ( Clohinu 1 ' itious . )
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A WORD ABOUT THE THEATRES . I take it quite unkindly of Managers and Purveyors of Amusement generally , that they cannot Ictus critics rest even afc this dull season , when We are recruiting tor Christmas . It is not often I enjoy repose , but to be
troubled at this season is too bad . Charles Mathews must needs bring out a new farce . The Jenkinses—or one so old it may be counted as new ( what are neio farces but forgotten old ones ? who ever saw a new farce ? who ever saw anything new P ) and I am weak enough , out of friendship , to go and see that farce , weak enough to laugh at it , weak enough to forget my Christian Fathers , with whom I had made arrangements for a solid and serious fortnight ' s entertainment ! The fact is , to use a scientific metaphor , I boil at low temperatures , and whatever . seriousness may occupy me , I can't resist a laiigh . It is a very amusing little farce this of the Jenkinses , without a particle of wit , but so neatly constructed and so well acted , especially by Frank Matthews , that the hour passes gaily . Then there is Albert Smith : another inflicter of amusement ! Why couldn't he keep quiet till after Christmas , and leave me to my Fathers ? He doesn't read them himself—at least , not ardently . Therefore he has no compunctions in dragging me out these damp nights to listen to his Ascent of Mont Blanc , with all its former attractions , heightened by new scenes , new matter , new fun ! The Marionnettes have returned from their Provincial Tour , and taken up their home in the St . James ' s Theatre . London having declared these Marionnettes to be a philosophic pastime not unworthy those who are worthy to be amused , the Provinces have followed the lead ; and now these wooden actors have come back to us . But why couldn ' t they wait till after Christmas , when the children will be home for the holidays ! Then there is Mr . Phelps , who , with total disregard to my feelings , produces a new five-act play , Mi g ht and Might , and counts upon my going to see it . So I shall . Meanwhile , see what the Times says of it , and go yourself : " The play of MigJit and Right , brought out on Wednesday night at Sadler's Wells , came with . inuch novelty to recommend it . The scene is laid in Russia , amid a host of conspirators , whose names end in ' , ' and thus we have an unusual costume , and scenery of an uncommon character . But tne story also is new , and that is the great merit of the piece . We are growing mortally tired of the conflicts between the Royalists and Republicans of every country and period ; our sympathies deaden towards those young ladies who have fathers in one faction and lovers in another , and we are glad to see new motives at work , however imperfectly the theme may be worked out . " The author ' s constant purpose has been alternately to awaken and satisfy the curiosity of his audience . The personages are mere sketches , which even an actor can scarcely fill up , and the language put into their mouths does not rise above that conventional level which is found in so many of our blank-verse plays . But the story is both novel and interesting-, and if the characters of the meek Olga and the imperious Helena had been written up to their full capability , a drama of a much hig her order might have been produced . The best scene , dramatically spealang-, is that in which Obolensfci , to save Olga , works upon the Czarina ' s feelings by recalling the days of their early love ; and this scene derived great advantage from the acting of Mrs . Ternan , who represented the conquest of love over anger with much delicacy . But altogether the play is an unkindly one for the actors ; Mr . Phelps , as ObolensM , has a great deal to do , but nothing that appeals to the sympathies ; and Olga , who is played by Miss Cooper , is interesting rather through her position than through her acts or her discourse . Tfc is as a clever melo-dramatic spectacle that the play succeeds , and in this respect everything has been done for it in the way of scenery and dresses , the Russian views by Mr . Findlay being as beautiful as they are novel . " The audience were so delighted with the piece , that they began to call for the author at the end of the third act . The cry was of course renewed afc the end of the fifth , when their curiosity was balked by the statement that the author ' s name was unknown to tho manager . There also seems to be 11 mystery as to the source of the story . Vassili Ivanovitch , who died towards tbe middle of tho sixteenth century , left behind him a son , during whose minority Helena acted as regent , and as this son was no other than the atrocious Ivan IV ., whose name is placed with tho Neros and Caligulas of old , it is difficult—to say nothing of his sex—to identify him witli the innocent and amiable Feodora . " There , having discharged my " duty , " I now botalco myself to my delight . Vivian .
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December 11 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 1193
Rpil H M 'A Imon Kttios Ut. Mm St. .1 Am Los'h I Til Katun.--Hlm^'I Cnhklili Hk-A Im'ka Kancn.
rpil K MAIM ON I 0 TTI 0 S at Mm St . . 1 AM lOS'H I Til l < 3 ATKN .--HlMJ ( 'ICNHKi ; ii HK-A IM'KA KANCN .
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 11, 1852, page 1193, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1964/page/21/
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