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Captain Harrison : They well knew that their fire-arms Ypere their only protection , and there he would express his Regret at the manner in which the diggers were in the habit of throwing away their gunpowder . ( Hear , hear . ) It should be a rule on the diggings that no man should discharge his firearms after nightfall , unless his tent or person were assailed , and then the report would be an understood signal for his neighbours to rush to his assistance . They should even be careful of their lead—it might be wanted , and there was no use in wasting it ; at present , the practice of firing at night was so common , that if a man discharged a gun in self-defence it would attract no attention or help , although plenty of friends might bo within hearing of the report .
This was sensible advice . Other speeches followed ; and ultimately a petition to the Legislative Council of Victoria was agreed to , praying-, in the most orthodox fashion of the petitions of Old England , that the proposed duty on exports of gold should not be imposed . Diggers , they say , earn on an average an ounce a week , [? J " which is not higher than the remuneration of any other labour . They pay 18 ? . a-year for a gold licence , and should the export tax be imposed , that will raise the tax on the digger to 24 £ . 10 s . per annum . If the bill passes the diggers will " receive a heavy blow " and " the further development of the mineral wealth of the colony will be materially checked . " Such was the memorable meeting of the diggers on the 23 rd of October , 18 $ 2 .
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AMERICAN NOTES . The latest news from the United States is limited to a few briefly told but striking facts . The Vestal , a British man-of-war , at Havannah , has captured four slavers , equipped for the outward voyage . Having seized one , the Captain got scent of another , waiting at Cardenas for her equipment . He found two Subsequently , a brig left the port of Havannah in the night . The Vestal made all sail after her , overtook her , and found that she had everything necessary for an African voyage . Her captain had false paperspapers obtained directly from the Spanish Government .
Proofs of the complicity of the Cuban authorities abounded in all the vessels , and Canedo was greatly incensed against the British blue jackets . Of course , the Americans are delighted at tlie capture of these ships ; and they speculate as to what course England will pursue with regard to the Spanish Government . It cannot be doubted but that the Cuban authorities habitually violate the treaty for the suppression of the slave-trade ; and the question is , shall that treaty be a mere form ? President Tillmore has requested the Nicaraguan Government to recal M . Macoleta , its Minister , and appoint a new one . The request had once been refused .
Count Itaoufiset Boulbon has had a short-lived reign in Sonora . He and his Frenchmen had been reduced to a state of starvation ; and had surrendered . There seems to be no reason why we should doubt this ; and , if it bo true , the first French attempt to " check the progress of democracy" in America , has not been so successful as the late attempts in Europe . We must state that the latest news from St . Domingo do not mention the alleged occupation of Samana by the French . Horatio Greenough , the American sculptor , died at Boston on the 18 th of December . He was born in
1805 . General Fierce ( President elect ) had a narrow escape while travelling on the 6 th between Boston and Concord . The carriage in which the General , with hia wife mid ono son , travelled , became detached from the train , and fell over an embankment 12 or 15 feet in depth . Both the General and bin lady escaped with a few slight hym-ies , but their hou , aged 11 years , was killed by a piece of rock which penetrated through the carriage window .
In the Senate , on the 4 th , Mr . Cuss introduced the following resolution , which was ordered to be printed : " Bo it resolved , that tho United States do hereb y declare Unit tho American continents , by tho froo and independent condition which they have assumed and maintained , are huncoforth not to be considored as subjects for future colonization by any Kuropoan 1 ' owor ; ami , while existing rights should be respected and will be l > y the United States , they own it . to their own safety and intorent . H to announce , aH they now do , that no future European colony or dominion shall , with thoir consent , he planted or established on any part of the American continent ; and tdiould tho attempt ho made , they thus deliberately declare that it will he viewed aH an act originating in motives regardloHs of their interests and thoir safety , and which will leave thorn free to adopt such measures aH an independent nation may justly adopt in dofonco of it , 8 rights and its
power . " " And ho it further resolved , that while tho United HtatoH disclaim any designs upon the Inland of Culm in-< ronniMtont with tho lawn of natioiiH and with their duties to Spain , Uioy consider it duo to the vawt importance of tho subject to make known in this ttoloum manner that they should viow all efforts on tho part of any othot IWor to procure possession , whether peaceably or forcibly , of that island , wliioh , au a naval or military position , inuut ,
under circumstances easily to be foreseen , become dangerous to their southern coast , to the Gulf of Mexico , and to the mouth of the Mississippi , as unfriendly acts directed against them , and to be resisted by all tho means in their power . " Documents relative to the projected tripartite treaty , and to the Clayton and , Buiwer treaty regarding the neutrality of Central America , are published in the journals j and some explanations regarding them had been made in the Senate . The Clayton and Bulwer treaty excluded Great Britain and the United States respectively from making acquisitions of territory in Central America . At the time ratifications were exchanged , Mr . Clayton and Sir Henry Bulwer distinctly recorded the fact , that British Honduras was not to be included in the treaty . Mr . Cass now says that he would not have voted for it had he known or understood that .
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RESTITUTIONS AT ROCHESTER , Me . Whiston , the persecuted Master of the Rochester Grammar School , has published a letter , in which he states that something has . been done in the way of restitution by the Chapter : — " To the many memorabilia o fl 852 may be added the fact that the Chapter of Rochester have signalized its close , by augmenting stipends which , barring the diminution of one to three-eighths of its amount , and tho discontinuance of another for three-fifths of a century , had remained unaltered since 1543 . The details are these : — The four students are to have 30 ? . 10 s . each , instead of 51 . ; the twenty scholars 16 ? . 13 s . 4 > d ., instead of 21 . 13 s . 4 c ? . ; the six bedesmen 14 ? . 13 s . 4 c ? ., instead of 61 . 13 s . 4 c ? . ; and the precentor and sacrist 10 ? . and 6 ? . respectively , instead of 21 . each , making a total increase of 442 ? . a year . Excepting the four students ( and perhaps to two of them ) the augmentations were actually paid last Christmas ; the bedesmen further receiving the repayment of 15 s . each , previously deducted on account of their cloaks . To appreciate all this , it must be remembered that for sixty years 40 ? . a year was paid to the cathedral Domus , instead of the bedesmen , although , indeed , Dr . Lushington suggested that the Chapter would not have benefited thereby if it had not been 40 ? ., but 4000 ? . a year . Moreover , the average income of each canon for seven years before 1849 lias been . proved to have been not 680 ? ., but about 1000 ? . a year . " Is not this a plain confession that the Chapter were in the wrong , and the Bishop also , when they prosecuted and persecuted Mr . Whiston , keeping him out of his salary and denying him official possession of his office for more than two years ?
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PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . BLOCK PEINTEES . Meeton , Surrey , is the centre of an important district of the block-printers trade . A meeting of block-printers , and of others interested in the subject of association , was recently held at Victory Hall , in that town , for the purpose of hearing the report of the committee appointed at a former meeting . The report , which in a slightly abridged form we subjoin , was adopted . Mr . Walter Cooper , of the Working Tailors' Association , London , was introduced by the chairman , and delivered an address on the topic of the evening ' , for which ho received a vote of thanks . Tho meeting was remarkable as a complete and unanimous adhesion of the whole industry of a district to the associative principle . Report of the Committee appointed at a Meeting of Ulock-prin ters on September IGt / i , 1852 , to inquire into the suhject of Association . Your committee having- met weekly wince their appointment , and to the best of ( heir ability investigated the subject for which they were appointed , now beg leave to lay before you a short report of thoir proceedings . Your committee experienced much difficulty at tho outset , from I ho want of information , all the associations which
have boon formed being in existence belore tho passing of tho " Industrial and l ' rovidciit Society ' s Act , 1852 . " We know not how far their rules and regulations agreed with its requirements . Through tlio kindness of Mr . Cooper , of the Tailor ' s Association , wo obtained several copies of tho Act , which having carefully read and discussed as well as wo could , we circulated among the body of the trade in Surrey . The Act is mo framed that it is of use only to working men .
To capitalists and bubble schemers it oilers no inducements , its aim appears solely to he an effort to induoo tho worker to invest his savings so that from the legitimate profits of his self-employed labour , provision may he made for sickness , old ago , and death , tor personal comfort , education , and general improvement . Tho capital of a society enrolled under thin act in to !»<> raised by voluntary nuhscriptions ; and no society can take advantage of tho act whoso rules will allow inomhorH lo have a greater interest in i ( s funds than 100 / ., or , by way of annuity , l \() f . No more than livo per cent , dividend can fie paid , which must
bo paid from profits ; but a division of profits to tho extent of one-third may bo mado on account of labour done by tho members or others employed on their behalf . Tim interest of any member cannot ho transferred , but a member wishing to leave , arid giving the proper notice which tho rules may provide , must receive whatever balance may bo duo to him . Tho act gives tho power to borrow monoy to the extent of four times tho capital paid up , at a rato of interest not exceeding nix per coat . Trustees are to bo appointed in whom tho members havo confid ence , in whoao naiuoa all inouioa are to bo invogtud .
The trustees are only responsible for what passes into their hands . The manager or other officers of the society have the same responsibility . Any officer or other person appropriating to their own use any money or other property of the society , can bo sued at law with tho same facility as if they had been in the service of a private firm . In short , every security is given to members for their business being properly conducted . Some ideas entertained , we find , must be abandoned ; but , on the other hand , many important privileges are conceded , which render the act a great and beneficial step in the right direction , and which , no doubt , through time , will be improved on . committeethat to
It is tho conviction of your , secure confidence and success , it is necessary that any association which may be formed should be strictly legal . In the attempts which have been made , and of which many have succeeded , the failures may be attributed to the insecurity and want of confidence engendered by the want of legality ; but if it was possible for any to succeed in the face of the law , and under every disadvantage , how much more certain the success when everything favours the project . It may be objected that ours is a trade differing from others , and requiring a greater amount of capital . Now , we know that some have commenced in our business with but little capital , and they have succeeded . But let us see ¦ what difficulties other trades labour under in this respect . The working pianoforte-makers numbered fourteen , and amongst themselves subscribed 303 ? . 12 s . 6 % d ., and were obliged to borrow 1068 ? . 6 s . 6 c ? . Now , it is certain that a much smaller sum than 1372 ? . would suffice to start
fourteen printers . The working type-printers numbered two , and commenced with about 300 ? . mostly borrowed ; they now number six , and have about 800 ? . worth of plant , and axe still deficient in some particulars . Mr . William Newton . states that sometimes a tool will cost 300 ? ., which a single man will work , and yet there is no want of association among the engineers . We might multiply examples ; but , in fact , there are no difficulties to contend against in our trade which have not to be contended against in others , and in some to a greater extent . from
Your committee have received a copy of a report the Rent Committee , appointed to report on the same subject . The principal points in their proposal are as follows : "That a fund of 1000 ? . be raised in 1 ? . shares ; no person to take more than three shares . " " That the trade as a body take a certain number , to be paid out of the trade fund , entering the quarters as a separate account , and invested otherwise . " " That each shop take a number in addition to those taken by the members ; and any person coming from any other part , having a fair card , must , as a condition of getting work , take one or more shares . " " The shares are ultimately to become wholly trade property ; when the trade is in a condition to buy , members are to be compelled to sell . " trade should
Your committee are anxious that the whole associate themselves ; but they cannot compel those to enter who are unwilling , nor do they consider that tho Kent proposal lias been drawn in accordance with the act . Your committee , desirous that it should be open to all to associate themselves to whom it may appear desirable , have issued the proposal which has been put into your hands ; and it now reBts with yourselves to say , whether you will lend your aid to the " effort about to bo made . The movement now awaits your adhesion and assistance . That financial difficulties may not deter any , your committee propose , that when the Society is formed , a monthly meeting , or otherwise , as shall he agreed on , shall be regularly held for the purpose of deciding , from tho state of trade at tho time , what sum per week shall be paid ly each member until the next monthly or other meeting .
Trusting that you will accept our little past exertions as an evidence of our desire to benefit . , so far as in us liea , the common cause , we remain your obedient servants , Tiik Com mitt ke . ( Signed ) <» . Bkockwkix , Chairman . J . Simmons , Secretary . The above report adopted at a . meeting held on Thursday , November 4 th , lHf > 2 . ( Signed ) Tiiomah . ToUN Watson , Chairman . It is an encouraging sign , and deserving the attention of such members of Parliament as have devoted
their efforts to the interests of the working-men , to note the prompt intelligence with which new legislative reforms in their favour are turned to practical uat ) . The next movement should be in tjio direction of an amendment of the law of partnership , and in tin ; terms of " limited liability . " It is to be hoped that , the mantle of Mr . Slaney has fallen on some one or more of the members of the new House who will not give up to party what was meant for mankind .
WOKKINt ! M I' : N S ( ' (> N V 10 It KNCI 0 S . The "Conferences with Working-Men , " presided ovt-i by the ltev . Professor Maurice ( which havo been suspended during the erection of I he Society ' s Hall ) , am now resumed in the hall at , the above address . Tho conferences are to 1 ) 0 held at the above hour every alternate Wednesday evening , and are open free to the public and the press .
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M . LOUIS BLANC'S RKCKNT LKCTtfltK OH SOCIALISM . Wu promised our readers a brief abstract of M . Loum Mane ' s recent lecture in vindication of Social ' iut ' ic principles . This brilliant Apology was remarkable uh tho first appearance of Mm speaker on an Ku ^ HhU platform , iuIdressing au audience in the Kii ^ HhIi lunguufjfo . Those who wore present were surprised , at , tho ease mid ^ mco with which tho ililuoultiott of a foreign lun ^ uatre , wort )
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January 22 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 71
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 22, 1853, page 77, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1970/page/5/
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