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ment of this subscription , from this day henceforth , which , believe me , I shall always feel gratified in paying in support of such a benevolent institution , and to which I shall add a donation of 51 ., transmitted to the treasurer . " I am , sir , your obedient servant , " T . W . Brotherton . " To Richard Cobden , Esq . " So that , after all , this foolish wager lias not been ratified !
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SIR CHAELES WOOD AT HALIFAX . The President of the Board of Control addressed his constituents on Thursday , at a dinner given in his honour . The striking points of an excellent speech were , that Government is prepared to amend the Reform Act , revise taxation , put the country in a state of defence , and do something to provide education for the people . On reform he said : — "I think that the principles on which the Reform Bill of 1832 was framed were sound , and just , and correct principles . It would be strange indeed if there were no faults and no defects which the experience of twenty years did not bring out . Those faults and those defects we are prepared to amend . ( Loud and reiterated applause . ) But we propose to proceed upon the principle we advocated in 1832 , and so to extend the franchise as to embrace the
most intelligent of the classes below those now enfranchised , ( what I mean by below is in point of pecuniary qualification , ) who may bo most fitted and best fitted to enjoy the franchise . Why , gentlemen , when I first came hero , I remember one of the most honourable and one of the most intelligent people in the town of Halifax was not an elector—a most independent and respectable man you will well remember—our old friend John Rowbottom . ( Hear , hear . ) And ,. during the preceding and late election , at the meetings at the Old Cock , who talked better sense than any man in the room ? A non-elector ! A man whom I am proud to have called my friend , and who , I hope , will not be offended if I call him by his ordinary name , my friend Bob Wilkinson . ( Laughter and cheers . ) Is it not desirable that such men as these should be included in the electors of this kingdom ?" On national
defence" I \ o one concurs more than I do with the objects of the Peace Society , though I confess I differ with them as to the ifieans by which we should seek to attain our common end and aim . There is no one more convinced than myself of the evils of war , but I do think the best security for peace is to be prepared for Avar if needs be , but which I hope will not take place . ( Hear , hear . ) Offensive war I should deprecate as the greatest of evils ; defensive war I apprehend no man in this hall would shrink from . ( Hear , hear . ) We are not to bo bullied , insulted , or trampled upon by any nation in the world . ( Cheers . ) And if there isjio system of aggression , no attempt to foster u . war . Spirit , ' there can be no objection to putting ourselves in a proper state of dofence . " ( Applause . ) This is the proper position to assume .
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REFORM MEETING AT MANCHESTER . A social soiree or reunion of the leading Reformers of the county of Lancaster , and their representatives , took place on Thursday evening , at the Town-hall , Manchester , of a pleasant , and . successful character . Prom oOO to -100 invitations had been issued , and the room was very crowded . After partaking- of refreshments , the business commenced , a little before seven o ' clock , by Mr . ( Jcorge Wilson taking the chair , supported by Mr . John Hright , M . P ., Mr . T . M . Gibson , M . P ., Mr . Joseph Hrof hertoii , M . l \ , Mr . . lames Ileywood , M . P ., Mr . . 1 . Kershaw , M . I ' ., Mr . Charles
Hindley , M . P ., and Mr . Gcorgi ; Hadfirld , M . P . Amemg other gentlemen present were----Mr . Alexander Henry ( Into member for the coun ( . y ) , Mr . Thomas Ba / . ley , Mr . ' IJailey , Mr . A . IJucklcy , Mr . Henry Ashwortli , Sir FAkanah Arniita ^ e , Mv . . Salis Schwabu , Mr . K . R . Langworthy , Mr . Watkin Lees , Mr . John Platt , Mr . If . N . Philips , Mr . Jf . Muini , Mr . l \ Nt . einer , . Mr . V . J . Philipi , » te . There wen ; gentlemen present , in fact , from Liverpool , Lancaster , 1 'laeklmrn , Hurnley , Preston , lloltnu , Oldhani , ltorhelule , tttockport , Ashton , Bury , and almost every town in the county . The chief speakers were Mr . Gibson and Mr . Bright ; and we append extracts from their speeches , showing what attitude they propose to assume relative to the new Government . Mr . Gibson
said"Ah to the Government , which we have at ( ho prcHcnl moment , it would be : pre-sumptuous in me to oiler any opinion cither upon t lie individual Ktate-Kmcu , or , still more , upon ( heir intended policy . I am quite sure Unit members of the Liberal parly are not prepared to go into a need lens exposition to the present ( Jovernuienl , merely 1 ) , 'cause cerlnin iiicinlici'H of ( hut Government formerly belonged To another politic-id party . They will wait puti-titly for their ' ilie-nsuivs ; by their measure's and their policy ( bey will be fairly and impartially judged ; mid 1 think I know enough of ( bin grout eoriHt . itueiiey to
fool assure-el that ( hoy will mippoi-1 . their members in mini a course as that , lo which I have adverted- -namely , ii lair and honourable support , to the ) Administration ; til the Hiinio lime nol , compromising any of tho principles that wo aid nent . lo 1 ' iuliiiiiKint , ( o advocate , nor permitting the quorum <» 1 " Uio lulling or rising of any Administration to Htund in tho way of tin- triumph of those principles that VOU Wish to KOO NUCOOKHUll . ( CIloerH . ) * * * * Now , with regard to tho qnonlion of reform first , thero in a diflicult y about , U ><> timo . That Ihero will be Parliamentary reform wo Jmvo tho strongest uHtmruuco . There
are those who would damp the ardour of the Reformers , and who tell us that the present Government will not , very soon at least , bring in a measure of reform , and , when it is brought in , that it will not be such as to satisfy even the moderate reformers of the Liberal party . Sir , 1 do not hold that opinion . I cannot conceive that men of the experience of tho present Administration—men of their great ability , and , what is more , of their great opportunity , would trifle with a question of this magnitude , but that they would do as was done in 1832—that they would act in a similar spirit with the course that was taken by my Lord Grey's Government—namely , bring in a measure that would settle this question , at least for some considerable period , so that we may not , year by year , be constantly
bringing into Parliament small , peddling reform bills , instead of directing our attention to social reforms and financial improvements , all of which , I say , are matters that require vast attention and consideration by the country , and cannot be dwelt upon by the mind of the nation when they are engaged in organic changes . Of course , those who are proposing great measures must have some voice as to the precise time when they should introduce them to Parliament ; but as Lord Grey has been referred to as being a good judge of the proper time , let us see what Lord Grey did . It was on the loth of November , 1830 , that SirH . Parnell defeated the Government of the Duke of Wellington on the civil list ; and the Duke of Wellington's Government retired . The
King ( William IV . ) sent for Lord Grey to form an Administration , and that Administration was completed shortly before Christmas . Thero were in that Administration four distinguished men who are members of the present Government . They are—Lord John Russell , Sir James Graham—Sir James Graham was then considered a man of extreme opinions , and was , in fact , the Sir William Molesworth of Lord Grey ' s Government ; there were also Lord Palmerston and Lord Lansdowne . These four were members of Lord Grey's Administration ; it was formed just before Christmas , and on the 1 st of March in the
following year Lord John Russell submitted to the House of Commons his great measure of reform . ( Loud cheers . ) Well , Sir , I say if at that time , within two months from tlie formation of the Government , and witli the comparatively small amount of information which there was on these subjects at that period , a measure of that magnitude could be submitted to Parliament , we have a right to expect that in these days , when everything moves faster than it did in 1830—( cheers )—we are not to have an indefinite postponement , or that the year 1853 is to pass without this Reform Bill being submitted to Parliament . "
Mr . . Bright concurs with his colleague" We have a new Government—a coalition Government . ( Hear , hear . ) I do not use the word ' coalition' in an offensive sense ; for I think the time was come , absolutely , that it could not be evaded , that men who hitherto have differed somewhat on . political questions , and in their politicn . 1 career , should come togethei- and endeavour to form a Government which should be more suited to the country than either of the two Governments which have preceded that which now exists . ( Hear , hear . ) I entirely agree with , the observations that have been made by Mr . Gibson , and by Mr . lirolherton , aud I think also by Mr . Hey wood , with regard to the conduct that should be pursued towards this Government . It appears to me that it is our duty
to treat them with as much generous forbearance as we cnu possibly muster , consistent with the principles we hold . ( Hear , hear , and applause . ) * * * * * Well , now , we are going next week to meet tho new Government , and the new circumstances in which we find ourselves . Mr . Gibson stated the course which he should pursue —Mr . Brotherton , I think , coincided in that view—1 am willing to subscribe to what they said . Our position has been oik ; of perfect independence . ( Hoar . ) Whether Lord Melbourne ) were in ollico , whether Sir Robert Peel were in office , whether Lord John Russell were in o / Iiee , whether Lord Derby were in office , or whether Lord Abor-( Icon be in office , it seems to mo that our duty is precisely tho sitine—to look with all tho favour that honest men in
favour of reform can look upon Governments , surrounded an they arc by great difficulties , and having ( even when honest , and anxious to do right ) to contend with most powerful interests opposed to them . ( Hear , hour . ) Hut we must never forget that we are tho reprenentiitives of industry , of numbers , of intelligence , and of wealth ; that wo go to Parliament opposed to many antiquated blunders , to many houry abuses , to many » clfish and mischievous privileges . ( Hear , hoar . ) We must not forgot that everything this country bus gained since the revolution of 1 ( 188 —and especially everything of Into years—bus been gained in n manly contest of tho industrial and commercial classes against tho twistoenitic and privileged classes ol' thin country . Wo must carry on tho same conflict , f'iiero are great t
things yet to bo done . Tho results of pas , exertions are iiio . st . encouraging —there is a world-wide field before us for Cut uiv exertions and future success . When i am permitted to speak hero or elsewhere without tho walls of Parliament , I would speak always in favour of what I believe to be just , and what 1 believe to be profitable ) and advantageous to tlicpcoplo ; and in the I lou . so of (' ominous . 1 do not . aspire ! to men ; Parliamentary displays , or to the Necking of official honours or emoluments . I would rather aspire to bo tho faithful represenlalivo of Mum groat oon . itiliiency- to defend all its rights and inloi-n . stH ( cheers ) —toKseureaN fnraH possible all tho liberties wo now possess , and Iny up , if it bo possible , for our children u nl ill more gloriouti inheritance of freedom than our fathers woro able to bequeath to us . ( Loud cheers . )
Ainon ^ topics which were dwell ; on by the speaker . ' ! , I \ l r . Bright , gave the following account , of voting by ballot in Mnssnehusiil f s :- — "Now , I will show you how Iho thing in jniimiged in MiiHsuchusclt . s . I lore ' is an envelope , called tho * Government , ouvolopo , ' on which aro tho arniH of tlie state ) ol ' MuNHiiehuHotLs , aud I will toll you tho mode in which the votes aro takou . J ; oi- example , hero io a voting ticket , u «
we should call it , but which they call the ballot ; it is a Democratic ticket , and bears the names of the Democratic candidates for senator for the district of Hampton . The Whi g party , which is the opposite party there , would have a similar ticket , with the names of their candidates . There are other tickets of other kinds for other officers to be elected . Well , the Government " supplies to every district at least as many of these envelopes as there are electors , and the parties who are concerned in the election of course supply all the electors—the Democratic party supply the Democratic ticket , and the Whig party the Whig ticket . The elector being furnished with these at any time at his own house , or on his way to the poll , puts in whichever ticket he likes ; there is no name written upon it ; what is printed is all
that is upon it . The elector can vote for two candidates at this election ; and he puts his ticket in the envelope , just wets the gum , and it is shut . There is no address of any kind upon it . He walks to the polling-booth , is asked hia name , as we are here ; is found to be on the register ; his name is checked off as of a person who has voted , and cannot come again ; he passes the envelope to an officer , whomerely takes it in his hand to ascertain that there is only one envelope , drops it into the urn or box , and walks , away . Everybody else comes in the same way ; nobody can vote who does not put his ticket in an envelope like this ;
and no man who votes can prove to any other man how he voted . There is no record of it , and no man living can ascertain how he voted , because when these envelopes are taken out at four o'clock , at the close of the poll , the tickets are counted , and put down to the different candidates , but there is no name of the elector , and they don't know whether you , or I , or any one else put in the ticket , and thus you arrive , in my opinion , and by that means , at an honest and conscientious decision , in accordance with the opinions of the voters . ( Loud cheers . )" The spirit of the meeting was hearty and unanimous . *
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MEETING OF WORKMEN" IN FAVOUR OF OPENING THE CRYSTAL PALACE ON SUNDAYS . Labour has formally put in its testimony in favour of opening the Crystal Palace on Sundays . On Wednesday a meeting of delegates was held at St . Martin ' s Hall , Mr . Henry Mayhew in the chair . They represented the opinion of 92 , 500 working men . There were on the platform 100 delegates , and the body of the hall was crowded to excess . Mr . Mayhew learnedly argued that the opening of tlie Palace would not be a breach of Sabbath observance properly speaking . He reserved the social argument to Wednesday next . He read the following declaration of the working men which had been drawn up and signed :
" 1 . That the workingmen wish it to be understood thafc they are in no way desirous of questioning the authority of tho decrees upon which the institution of the Sabbath in this country is founded , but merely assert for themselves the right to interpret those decrees as their conscience dictates . —2 . That the mode of observing the Sunday among tho early Christiana proves incontestibly that the present Sabbath is a social rather than a divine institution . — 3 . That the Sabbath , whether viewed as a divine or a social institution , is designed especially for tho benefit of tholabourer . —4 > . That while the working classes are desirous of obtaining such a relaxation of tho presont rigorous mode ' of observing the Sabbath as will bring it back to its true uses—tho recreation and refreshing of tho labourer—they aro likewise especially anxious to guard tho day of rest against any other encroachment than what is absolutely
necessary , and at tho same time to procuro for their follow workmen who may be engaged in ministering to their necessities on the Sunday kohio other day of rest in tho week , so that the boon of tho Sabbath may bo equally extended to all . —5 . That tho working classes , moreover , desire no infringement of the day of rest , but such as is absolutely required for their physical and intellectual necessities . —( i . That physical recreation is as necessary to the working man as food and drink is to him on the Sabbath . —7 . That refined and intellectual enjoyment as well as the moans of obtaining information aro evon more necessary to tho working muri than physical recreation on tho Sabbath ; and that if thosC ' neccBsities bo denied him on the present day of rest , then two Sabbat . hu must bo appointed in the week , ono day to bo observed as a day of more repose , and tho othur as a day for the recreation of tho mental and bodily energies of the labourer . "
After Mr . Prideuux had moved the adoption of the declaration , Mr . William Newton spoke : lie agreed with Dr . dimming that , tho desire for relaxation whs tho necessary rohoiind of tho slavish devotion to-Mammon during the week ; but . how was it that tho elorgy had never found this out till now , when they imagined their own interests wero throiilened ? ( Cheers . ) Tho clergy had no right to complain of this state of things , for if they bail not actually promoted it , they had tacitly admitted it , while * Hotting tlwiusetlvew up iin tho guardians of tho public morals . ( Cheers . ) Thoy hnel reposed oh tho Huppe > rt of the , middle classes , whoso penv rents and HiibHcriptioriH to ols
sche ) hael purchriHcd them immunity in their oppression of tho we » rking mem . ( Cheors . ) Hut it , was patent te > the world that tho priests of this country hael ne > w censed te > holel dominion over tho minds e > f the people ) . ( ChoerM . > ICil . her the priests lucked tho will or the ) power to roimxly tlio statei of things e-omplniiu . Ml of ; and that being He > , it wtiw for tho pe ? e > plei to plmel their own e-aiiHei with tho legislature-Dr . dimming wiiel if tho ( VyHtul Palae-o were ) opened oil Siinelay , the ) same ) permiHsiein must be ) extended te > the > British M useuun iinel e ) xbibitioiiH of varieMiN kinels . ( Che-urn . ) , Hut- the ) argument told tho other way if tho clergy worer powerful ouoiigh to clone tho Crystal I ' nlneo on Sunelayn ; . they might clowo Hampton Court , und mte > p tho running of
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126 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 5, 1853, page 126, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1972/page/6/
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