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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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aim at making a great haul—abandon suet poor stuff as trill only yield an ounce a day between three—work upon speculation—get disgusted , and away they go . The diggings is not the place for sucli men . * * * I must conclude my letter now , to post it to-day . I am Shappy to tell you that since I began this ( which I write by snatches at sunrise , just before breakfast ) I , with a , companion , bottomed a Lole yesterday evening , and found pretty good washing stuff , which will turn out an ounce a day between two , perhaps more . There is encouragement and excitement in digging , for you don ' t know from day to day what you may earn .
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FIRE AT WINDSOR CASTLE . Qtteen- Victoria left Buckingham Palace , on Saturday afternoon , for Windsor Castle , where she arrived to dinner . Soon after dinner her Majesty retired to the White Drawing-room , the last of a suite of apartments in the Prince of Wales ' s Tower , known as the Gothic Dining-room , and the Crimson , Green , and White Drawing-rooms . Next to the Gothic Dining-room is the Octagon-room , where the gentlemen of the household dine ; and above the Gothic apartment are rooms for servants . About ten o ' clock , almost simultaneously , the gentlemen of the household below , and one of the servants above , ¦ discovered that the Tower was on fire ! The alarm was
given . Almost immediately a force of the Fusilier Guards , 700 strong , marched in at double-quick time ; and these , with the JLord Chamberlain ' s men , instantly set about moving the furniture . Then came the 2 nd Life Guards with their engine . The fire was behind the woodwork , and continued to burn outwards towards the wall of the tower , and upwards towards the servant ' s rooms , and its summit . At eleven , several engines arrived from Windsor , but the London Brigade , in consequence of a series of blunders , unexplained , did not reach the spot until two in the morning .
Meantime , under orders , not only had great quantities of water been poured into the rooms , but the very valuable furniture was carried out of the Dining-room , without a single breakage ; some of the articles being magnificent china . Under the dining-room were the plate-room and the jewelled armoury ; the latter containing a priceless collection , among other things the jewelled bird of Tippoo Saib . A portion of these costly articles were moved from one room to another . The singularity of the fire , burning as it did behind the woodwork , made it difficult of suppression ; but by four o ' clock it was got under . The damage fortunately turns out to be much less extensive than was at first supposed . Some half-dozen small bedrooms for domestics in the Prince of vVales ' s Tower have been destroyed , and the furniture of two or three more
has suffered in the course of removal . Half the decorated ceiling of the Gothic Dining-room has been burnt , and the rest is no doubt so much injured that the whole must be pulled down . But the side walls of this fine apartment remain unimpaired ; the handsome mirrors with which they are ornamented have not been in the least degree damaged , and , with the exception of a single pane , which seems to have been cracked by a blow , the plate-glass windows are still perfectly entire . In short , considering that the fire lasted from before ten o ' clock on Saturday night till four o ' clock on Sunday morning , and that it had possession of a part of the Castle where its extension would have involved a greater destruction of property than at any other point , it is a subject of surprise and congratulation that so littlfl mischief" has been done .
Tho Queen remained in tLe White Drawing-room , and behaved ¦ with her usual coolness , especially considering her interesting situation . Prince Albert was present at the firo , directing operations . The cause of the firo is supposed to have boon overheated flues . Gas was burnt in tho building . The following 1 General Order has been issued from the Horse Guards : — Her Majesty tho Queen expressly desires to recogniso the steadiness and zeal with which tho detachment of tho 2 nd Life Guards and Scots Fusilier Guards bohaved on tho occasion of tho lato firo which broke- out at Windsor Castle . Her Majesty , in graciously expressing her royal approbation , has boon pleased to declare that nothing could exceed tho good conduct of tho officers and mwi . —By command of tho Itight , Hon . General Viscount Hardinge , Commanding-in-Cliiof . (« . Buown , Adjutant-General . Tho town of Windsor has adopted an address , to bo presented to the Queen .
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JOURNAL OF RAILWAY " ACCIDENTS . " Ah in times of war noto is taken daily of the nkirlnishe . s , surprises , sieges , and glorious victories which occur , so we feel bound to keep a separate heading and regular journal of those sanguinary affairs called railway " accidents ; " hoping that we may not ; have to keep if- long , but fearing that we may . Saturday .--The inquest on the accident at Mnngotsficld terminated on this day . Tlio verdict , ono of tho ( severe kind , is an follows : " That tho deaths of William Antell and John Jones wore cauHod by tho collision of a certain loeomoUvo pilot , engine , with a mail train of carriages then
stationary upon the railway line of tho Bristol and Gloucester branch of the Midland . Railway , near to the MangotHficld Hint ion , ami that , mwh collision was caused by the neglect of duty of Abraham Perkins , tho guard , and Win . Muyeoelc , the under-guard of wicli railway ( rain ; and the jurors desire to express Ihoir opinion , that at each station upon the railway where caution or danger signals are exhibited , ( ho time of con I immune * of the caution signal should be ten minutes , in addition to the usual lime of five minutes for continuance of the clanger signal . " Thin verdict , being ; 0110 of " Manslaughter against both guards , " tho coroner at once issued bis warrant for their committal to GJoucpBtcr fjao } . By W | iv of explanation , wo may etato
that the neglect of duty consisted in . the guards not going back with the proper fog and danger signals . Sunday . —Train from Blackball ran off the rails , near the Minories . No damage : a bolt " providentially " snapping which connected the engine with tho train ! Cause : " points" not properly closed . Monday . —In the case of tho fatal boiler explosion at Brighton , which occurred on Thursday week , the jury have found the following verdict : — " Firstly , on the body of John Young , the engine-driver ; that his death was caused by his own reckless conduct , in placing a higher pressure on the engine than it was fitted to bear ; Secondly , as to John Elliott , that , by such reckless conduct , Young did kill and slay him ; and Thirdly , that , in the same manner , Young did kill and slay Richard Thomas Baker . " The
Coroner added , that the jury also drew up a paper , and signed it , in the following terms : — " The jury now sitting upon the bodies of John Young , John Elliott , and Richard James Baker , the persons unfortunately killed at tho Brighton terminus on the 17 th day of March instant , unanimously recommend that in future a more frequent and rigid examination be made of the locomotive engines ; and that the directors be requested to take into consideration , whether an improved system cannot be adopted of instructions to the drivers . And the jury hope that the time is not far distant when the safety-valves may be placed beyond the undue control of the drivers . " Coal train on the South Yorkshire Railway , thrown off the rails near Masborough junction : road ploughed up , carriages broken to pieces , engine , driver and fireman thrown off and hurt . Cause : imperfection in the " points , " or defect in the rails !
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THE BOW STREET JUDGMENT . Me . Henet , the Bow-street magistrate , attended , by appointment , at four o ' clock , on Thursday , to deliver his decision in the case of the Board of Inland Revenue against Edward Truelove , which was adjourned from Thursday last . Mr . Tilsley , the assistant solicitor to the Board , attended in the absence of Mr . Phinn , M . P . ; and Mr . J . H . Parry appeared for the defendant . Mr . Henry read his judgment as follows : —Ihe defendant in this case was summoned at the instance of the Board of Inland Revenue , to answer an information which charged him with having , on the 23 rd of February last , knowingly and wilfully sold a newspaper which was not
duly stamped , and the questions which I have to decide are—first , whether the paper in question , which is called the lotteries Free Pi'ess , and Weekly Narrative of Current Events , is a ' newspaper" within the meaning- of the Stamp Act ; and , if it be , whether the defendant knowingly and wilfully sold it . In defining what is a newspaper , I must be guided by the language used in the schedule of the act 6 th and 7 th William IV ., chap . 76 , and by the construction put upon that language by the Court of Exchequer , in giving judgment in the case of the Attorney-General v . Bradbury . According to the rule laid down in that decision , I think that a newspaper liable
to stamp duty may be described to be " any paper containing public news , intelligence , or occurrences , which is printed for sale , and published periodically at intervals not exceeding twenty-six days . " The learned counsel for tho defendant could scarcely contend that the Potteries Free Press was not a newspaper that would fall within this definition , and ho therefore relied more upon tho argument that , inasmuch as certain other weekly publications which ho alleged to be newspapers ejusdem generis were permitted by the Board of Inland Itevenuo to bo published without a stamp , his client was led to supposo that the Potteries Freo Press was not liable . With that view he
referred to the AtJieneeum , tho Builder , and the llacing Times , and ho instituted a comparison between their contents and thoso of tho Potteries Free Press . It may bo doubted whether such evidence was strictly admissible , but I thought it right to receive it , and having carefully looked through all tho publications referred to , I urn of opinion that there is a manifest distinction between them and the paper in question . The Athniwum appears to bo a paper devoted to literary and llio Ihiilder to arrhileeturaJ subjects , and tho Racing Times seems to confino itself to racing topics . An occasional paragraph may bo found in each of thoso publications , which may not have a close affinity to the subject to which the paper professes to bo devoted ; and although it may be more prudent for
tho proprietors to omit such paragraphs , I think that all thoso publications are mainly , if not wholly , ccmfuutcl to ono particular or cluss subject , and cannot be said to eontain miscellaneous news ; whereas , tho very title of the lotteries Free Press , and Weekly Narrut ive ofCurren t Kwnts , implies that it is published for the purpose of narrating events generally , and not upon any class subject ; and upon a perusal of the contents oftJLu paper , 1 am satisfied that it cannot fairly be considered as a newspaper , rfiisdem ( fencris , with the publications to which it was compared . The remaining question in , did tho defendant knowingly and wilfully sell an unstamped copy of u newspaper , which tho law required to he stamped ? 11 was proved that upon two occasions unstamped copies of tho Potterics . / 'Vrvi I ' ress were purchased at his shop -upon the first , from
tho defendant himself , and on tho second occasion , from A pemon serving in the shop , thodefendant ' s name being still over the door ; and upon looking at both those oopios 1 find the defendants imino printed at tho foot of tho paper , as ono of tho London agents for the tmlo of it ! 1 cannot doubt , therefore , that ho was aware of tho ' nature of tho paper ho ho sold . An objection was ( iikon that the defendant is not liable for the tuile on Mti ) second occasion by his servant ; but there are soverul authorities to show that ho is . Vido the eases of Kcx v . Dixou (; l Muulo and Nolwyn ) , the Attorney-General v . Niddoii ( 1 Crompton and J or vis ) , and the AtLorney- < iencrnl v . Riddell ( iJ Tyrwhitt ) . The ohurgo laid in the information having been thus established against tho defendant , it only remains for mo to fix tho amount , of penalty which ho should pay . If tho summons had * l ) oon taken out against
the proprietor , there would have been no ground for any mitigation ; but as there "was no evidence to show that the defendant took any active part in originating this newspaper , I think that I may with propriety exercise the power with which the act invests me , to mitigate the penalty one-fourth , and I accordingly order that the defendant shall pay the mitigated penalty of 51 . Before I conclude , I think it right to notice a complaint which was made by the learned counsel for the defendant , that this case was not submitted to a jury . The Stamp Act gives the Board of Inland Revenue the option of proceeding either by information before a magistrate , or by an information in the Court of Exchequer , to he tried before a
jury . If the latter course had been adopted , a delay of at least three months must have elapsed , inasmuch as there will be no sittings in that court for the trial of revenue causes until the latter end of June , and no judgment could be entered up until November . I think it would have been an act of injustice to the proprietors of all weekly newspapers who pay duty , if the Board of Inland Revenuo were to allow an unstamped newspaper to be published and sold every week during such a long interval , when the act of Parliament provided an immediate remedy by laying an information like the present . If the defendant should be advised that the decision which I have given is not well founded , it will be open to him co appeal against it , upon giving the requisite notice .
Mr . Parry , without intending the slightest disrespect towards his worship , would avail himself of the power of appeal , and begged to state that his client ' s sureties were in attendance to give the requisite bail , pending the decision of the Court of Quarter Sessions . Mr . A . Novello , of Dean street , Soho , the music publisher , and Mr . James Watson , bookseller , of Queen's Head-passage , City , were accepted as sureties in the sum . of 40 Z . each . On Thursday night , a public meeting was held in the National Hall " , Holborn , llr . James Watson , publisher , in the chair , to express an opinion on the recent prosecution of Mr . Truelove by the Stamp-office , for vending an unstamped newspaper called the Potteries Free Press .
Mr . Collett addressed tho meeting at considci'able length , contending that the prosecution was unjust , because onesided ; for whilst the poor man ' s penny paper was pounced upon , the high-priced unstamped papers , such as the Athenmum , Hiiilder , Legal Times and Observe ? ' , llacing Times , Journal of the Society of Arts , Dickens's Household Words , and other unstamped publications , as much within the description of a newspaper as the Potteries Free Press , were permitted to go unscathed . He concluded by moving a resolution condemning the revival of the prosecutiops of the vendors of cheap publications , as contrary to the expressed wish of Government for the spread of knowledge and education amongst the people .
Mr . Washington Wilks , in a speech of great force , seconded the resolution , which was carried unanimously . On the motion of Mr . Innlen , seconded by Mr . G . J . Holyoake , a " Free Press Union" was formed , to agitate for the repeal of the newspaper stamp , and until that was accomplished to force the Government officials to prosecute tho high as well as the low-priced unstamped publications . Mr . Holyoakc showed that the Potteries Free Press was a " class" paper within the limits of the Stamp Office licences , and that it was not ; a newspaper according to the definition of the Inland Eevenue collectors . The meeting , on the motion of Messrs . JJoppy and Ivenny , having adopted a petition to Parliament for the repeal of the duty on paper , the newspaper stamps and advertisement duties , passed a vote , of thanks to the chairman , and ecparated .
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WORKING OF THE SOUP KITCHEN . Somis cases were heard at Marlborough Street , on Tuesday illustrative of the working of the soup kitchens . Mary Barrett was charged with having stolen a pair of boots , the property of Elizabeth Isaacs . Elizabeth Isaacs said —• Barrett ciinio to her last Wednesday , and sold her two Ham-yard sou ]) kitchen tickets for « ' 5 d . On Saturday who came again , and offered another ticket , but witness would not buy it , and Barrett went down . stairs and sold it to a lodger in the . same house for 2 d . Soon after Barrett had left the house she missed a pair of hoots . When Barrett was searched , . sou ]) and brend tickets from flu * following charitable establishments were found in her possession : —¦ Hum-yard ; the Leicester-square soup kitchen ; Mendicity , Mount-street , soup kitchen ; and . 1 tobert-st reet soup kitchen .
Mr . Bingham said , if ( hose very excellent hut . misguided persons who established thoso soup kitchens could nee tho class of persons whom they finis encouraged , t . hev would hositato before they gave their money to mich establishments . Hero was a woman who mndo u trade of those soup tickets . . 1 f she had really been in distress one of those tickets would have suliiccd for temporary relief ; but . no , there was one for dinner , and the rest to bo sold for gin to pass away tho evening . Barrel , ! , was committed for two months ( o hard labour . Arthur Condon was charged with begging and assaulting tho police . He was seen hogging in I ' all-Mill I . When taken info custody , ho violently assaulted two policeeonstables . l' \> ur soup kitchen tickets from different parts of tho metropolis , were found in his possession . lie wuh another
Mr . liinghum remarked , thai , ( prisoner instance of the misplaced kindness on the part of tho patrons of noup kitchens . (! onimitfcd for a mouth . John I ' jllis was charged with having assaulted Robert ( Vale , thii person who clolivors the soup to applicants ut tho Ham-yard Houp kitchen . ( Vale stated that Ellin , though a single man , had contrived to gel , ti family Noup ticket . On Monday he got . a quantify of soup , and then went and retailed if at u penny n- quart . Yesterday he brought , another family ( iehef , and on being refused any soup , ho laid bold of I hi * . soup distributor and assaulted linn . Air . Ilardwiek said , no doubL some low poi'tsuiis wore rolieved by tbeso soup kitchens , but , ho feared , from tho indiscriminate- mode in which the ticketuwore given , iwiiy ,
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March 26 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 295
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Leader (1850-1860), March 26, 1853, page 295, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1979/page/7/
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