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S EVERAL Government measures of the highest importance have been in various ways announced this week—Lord John Russell ' s plan of % ?| m > Tiding public education ; Mr . Gladstone ' s plan flbf converting a portion of the public debt into negociable securities ; and Mr . Bethell ' s prospective plan for abolishing the jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical Court in matters of Wills . Of these the education plan is , perhaps , the one which possesses the most importance in the mind of its author , but it has fallen flat upon the public , as it did upon the
House when he delivered it . It goes indeed very little way to fulfil the large promise which preceded it . The speech in which he explained it consisted of variom sections , bearing indeed , not upon one , but a collection of measures . The plan of popular education consists mainly in the enactment to authorize the levying of a borough-rate , on agreement of two-thirds of the Town Council ; the proceeds to be distributed amongst existing schools : such as those under the National and
British and Foreign Society , or similar establishments . Lord John holds it impossible to separate religious from secular instruction , and equally impossible to devise a combined plan of religious instruction , so that he substitutes aid to the voluntary and educational efforts of sects , for any real plan of public instruction . The second of the measures consists of one to place the charitable educational institutions on a footing of better administration , with a cheap and speedy means
of securing a due performance of the duties annexed to the endowments ; probably , also , with alteration of the conditions where time has rendered the intentions of the donor obsolete . The Museum and Department of Practical Art also received some notice , as a part of the general educational scheme . And finally , he announced that if the Universities of Oxford" and Cambridge should not take advantage of the facilities afforded to them by Ministers and the Legislature , to reform , themselves , Government would take the task in hand ,
and reform them in spite of themselves . The scheme , as a whole , has merits ; but upon close examination , it resolves itself into a plan for coaxing and tinkering very unsatisfactory institutions , with something more " looming in the future . " The flatness perceptible in the House of Commons while Lord John was speaking , marked his attempt as a failure . Either he has advanced in years beyond the energy for the post , or the age has got beyond him .
A significant criticism on the measure is conveyed in the fact that Lord John ' s announcement respecting the Universities is exactly what was expected in Oxford . Lord John must consider Mr . Gladstone , and Mr . Gladstone must consider the Puseyites . While there is much disposition in Oxford , even amongst the most Liberal , to reciprocate consideration of Ministers , the Reform influence is growing apace . It is true that tlie Reforms of the Tutors' Association must be subdued by the exigencies of that unappreciable wisdom which Mr . Gladstone calls " the authoritative teaching of the
Church of England , " and which , unhappily , is not susceptible of much freedom or activity of thought . Nevertheless , the heroes of the Tutors' Association are tumbling over each other in their eagerness for Reform . And even within that ancient domain of Oxford a spirit is awakened eager for the progress of religious and social opinion . Mr . Gladstone ' s scheme is much more fitted to
the immediate want of the day , and although leas magnificent in its first appearance , promises to be more fruitful in tangible results . His plan is a kind of preface to the Budget , which he is to bring forward on the 18 th instant . He prepares the way , however , by improving the condition of the public funds . The plan involves the extinction of 10 , 000 , OOOZ . of South Sea and other smaller stock , and the creation of three new securities instead—a Three-and-a-half per Cent ., with a
diminished nominal capital ; a Two-and-a-half per Cent ., with an increased nominal capital , and a new species of Exchequer bonds , payable to bearer like Exchequer bills , but irredeemable for forty years , at a fixed interest of Two-and-a-half per Cent . The holders of the stock in question will be compelled to surrender by January or April next , and will have their choice of the three new stocks . The last stock , however , is to be rendered available for other purposes . Instead of
10 , 000 , 000 * . only , the Chancellor of the Exchequer is authorized to create 30 , 000 , 000 / . of this new security , and to employ it in conversion of the stocks we have named , of the Three per Cent . Consols , the Three per Cent Reduced , or Exchequer bills . The practical effect is , to substitute for Exchequer bills security more permanent in its incidents and character , and to render a large portion of the public stock easily negociable , ami therefore available for current purposes of
finance . The steady condition of the revenue—for such is the general effect shown by the revenue tables just issued ; the continuing prosperity of our manufacturing and mining commerce ; the
constantly improving condition of the working classes ; all . tend to increase the confidence of the commercial world . Mr . Oliveira brought the subject of the Wine duties under the notice of the House of Commons , and made out an excellent case for their repeal , except upon the ground advanced by Mr . Gladstone , namely , that he cannot spare the amount of the re venue involved , and that he cannot surrender his functions , especially on the eve of measures so important as he has now on hand , for private Members . Mr . Oliveira withdrew his proposition for a committee of the whole House to consider the Wine duties .
Mr . Bethell ' s sweep of the Ecclesiastical Courts is not of such direct public importance , but yet it bjeaf ^ upon a very numerous class . Indeed , all wh& are interested in the making of Wills , or the examination of Registers , may be glad to understand that the whole business of Wills , Probates , &c , is to be transferred to the Court of Chancery , with the County Courts for its provincial
auxiliaries . That the peculiars , the registrars , the sinecures , and other mediaeval monsters of the old system , are to be annihilated . The measure , indeed , has not yet been brought forward ; on the contrary , the knowledge of it came out when Mr . Hadfield moved the second reading of his bill to redress some abuses in the Ecclesiastical Courts , and then Mr . Bethell stated how the whole matter
stood . A committee is investigating those courts , and he waits the report of that committee ; but , should it not report , or should the report not be satisfactory , then the Government is prepared to press Mr . Bethell ' s comprehensive measure . The regulation of railways stands pn somewhat the same footing . Mr . Humphrey Brown moved a resolution , pledging the House to bring railways under more complete control , in order to better administration and the prevention of accidents ; but Mr . Cardwell objected , that a committee ia enquiring into the subject , and he waited that rehe has scheme
port—only , unlike Mr . Bethell , no . Lord Campbell ' s announcement , that the Peace deputation to the Tuilcries , although not open to indictment , is discordant with the principle of public law ; accompanied by Lord Ellenborough ' s emphatic expression of disgust , and Lord Malmesbury ' s characteristic personal testimony that " it had given great satisfaction in Paris , " crowns the general reprobation which an impertinence so preposterous has undergone . One of the most prominent members of the deputation , Mr . John Masterman , Junior , appears as a Director of the Bordeaux and Lyons Rail
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VOL . IV . No . 159 . ] SATURDAY , APRIL 9 , 1853 . [ Price Sixpence .
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NEWS OF THE WEEK- Journal of Bailway Accidents 345 The Condition of England Question : "SSi ^ W ^ bla 355 PAQH Shipwreck-Shameful Carelessness its New Aspect 343 An Engllh ^ oman in America 356 The Week in Parliament 338 —Death ^ 45 Condition of Europe Question 349 Life by the Fireside 356 Mr . Crawshay ' s Speech on the Tori- Miscellaneous 346 Peace N " otion of War Estimates ... 350 wh Question 342 Health of London during the Week 347 The Moral of the Assizes 350 " he Opera ... - 357 letters from Paris 343 Birtia , Marriages ,, and Deaths 347 Revolt of the Hair Apparent 351 French Play ' s ""! " ! ... ! .. !' . ' .. . ' .... ' . ' ....... 357 Continental Notes 344 . „ .. „ - The Government and the Working- Elopements in High Life 358 StateofCuba 344 PUBUC AFFAIRS- Man ' s Press .-Letter II 351 cOMm ' eRCAL AFFA . RSTheBomean Pirates .. 344 Mr . Gladstone ' s Pxckaae for the Na- « Stranger" in Parliament 353 City Intelligence , Markets , Adver-SSgaSon ^^ n ^ ::::::::::: £ w ^ jX ^ 'szzz :. « £ -- * ,. * , 3 58 . 36 o
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"Theone Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is . the > Idea of ; f ^\ ni | y 7 t rx c ^ £ of ReliSoSy to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and bg setti ng aside tg- ^ ™ £° of our api £ tuai Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great objeet—tne tree aeveiujjincu-u nature . "—Hunboldt ' s Cosmos .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 9, 1853, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1981/page/1/
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