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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE second and principal part of Mr . Gladstone ' s financial scheme was explained to the House of Commons , on Monday evening , in a speech of extreme length and masterly clearness . The measure , as a whole , is not exactly what was expected , but , as a whole , it has given considerable satisfaction , although attempts are made to employ part of it as a means of attack against Ministers . Its main features can be briefly described , although its ramifications are minute and innumerable .
The revenue is prospering with the country . It was estimated , by the hist Chancellor of the Exchequer , at 51 , 625 , 000 / . ; that estimate has been exceeded , for the real income of last year was 53 , 089 , 000 / ., and Mr . Gladstone estimates it , for the current year , at 52 , 990 , 000 / . The expenditure , however , is increasing ; and a charge that stands conspicuous in it , is that for the militia , which , instead of being something above 300 , 000 / ., exceeds 500 , 000 / . The net result is , that Mr .
Gladstone anticipates a surplus of about 800 , 000 / ., partly derived from precarious sources . Although without greater margin , he had determined on an operation of considerable magnitude , and his first object , therefore , is to increase that surplus . He begins by extending the Income-tax down to incomes of 100 / . a year , and also to Ireland , hitherto exempt . He raises the duty on Scotch and Irish spirits , and imposes fresh duties upon legacies of real property , with an increase in certain licences ,
whence he anticipates a further revenue of 3 , 139 , 000 / . Large concessions , however , arc made to the public . The Income-tax , in the first place , is arranged t o diminish to (> d . in the pound , at the end of two years , then to 5 d . at the end of two years more , and to expire in 1860 . The newly-taxed incomes will not be rated higher than bd . for the whole time . The duty on tea is reduced to Is * 10 c ? ., for one year , to 1 * . Gd . in the following year , Is . 3 d . in the next , and to remain at 1 * . Considerable reductions arc
made in the stump duties , on life assurance , apprenticeship indentures ; attorneys certificates ; newspuper advertisement duty ; huckney carriage duty ; and receipt Htamps , the last to be at the uniform rate of Id . Several of the assessed taxes are reduced , and a number of articles of food , apples , cheese , cocoa , eggs , &c , to the number of more than 260 , are relieved partially or wholly ; the total amount of taxes remitted or reduced being 5 , 315 , 000 / . ultimately , although the immediate reduction will only amount to
2 , 568 , 000 / . The net surplus is calculated at 2 , 149 , 000 / . The public has received this scheme with considerable favour , and if the complication of its details prevents an immediate appreciation of it , in its entirety , the understandingof it advances from day to day with an increase of the satisfaction . In the city indeed there has been some fluctuation . In the first instance there was immense favour , and the mere enhancement of the funds under an artificial excitement caused a reaction . Then there were rumours of no doubtful character
that some section of the Opposition was preparing to resist the Ministry on this Budget . A meeting was held at Lord Derby ' s last Saturday ; it was attended by 200 of the Opposition Members , and it was agreed that Ministers should be opposed on the extension of the Income-tax to Ireland . It is calculated that the Irish members will join the Opposition , and the Tories are already rubbing their hands in anticipation of creating a vacancy in the offices . The very information that mischief
is brewing is sufficient to make the gentlemen m the city uneasy , and hence although the Budget is liked , there begins to be a feeling that Ministers are not absolutely safe . Had their conduct been more decidedly popular , it is tolerably certain that this feeling could never have gained ground ; for the Budget is liked , and their opponents are not liked . But the fear of dissolution will probably prevail . Meanwhile , the marked success , in both Houses , last night , confirms the prestige of the Cabinet .
The new regulation of the Customs department , explained by Mr . Wilson , is an appendix to the commercial measures of Ministers ; it is a thorough reform in the administration of the department , with an important reservation : the Governing Board is to be re-constituted by a supplemental measure . The late Ministers sufficiently survive in the recollection of the public to be regarded with unfeigned dislike , but if there had been any disposition to reconcilement , the renewed exposure of the proceedings in the Admiralty would have
done much harm . The story now conies out distinctly . As Secretary to the Admiralty , Mr . Augustus Stafford endeavoured to reverse the rule laid down in the time wlien Mr . Parker was Secretary , that the promotion for services should be made through the nomination of the Surveyor of the Navy in the first instance , and on the score of merit alone . He directed the Surveyor to eonsidcr that order as cancelled . After he entered office , early last year , wholesale appointments of workmen took place , ami in the office of master smith , at Portsmouth , a Mr . Cotaell wuu very
summarily substituted for a Mr . Wells , who had just been appointed . There is a story that some person at the Admiralty took the document appointing Mr . Wells off the table and put it in his pocket , as a prompt mode of settling that question ; a tale unanswered . The key to these proceedings lies in the letter to Sir Baldwin Walker , beginning with the statement that Mr . Stafford ' s " political friends" were dissatisfied with the manner
in which the patronage of the Admiralty was dispensed . In substance , Mr . Stafford's replies are , that the Liberal party had previously made appointments not regulated only by professional reasons ; that no objection on professional grounds could be made to Mr . Cotsell ; and that the communications between himself and Sir Baldwin Walker were in the nature of private and confidential , that is , non-official communications . There had been an imputation on Mr . Stafford ' s honour
as a gentleman , because he had denied receiving a letter which Sir Baldwin had written to him ; but it now turns out that Sir Hyde Parker , then senior Naval Lord of the Admiralty , had , in point of fact , suppressed this letter , although he had stated its substance to Mr . Stafford . On the whole , the effect of the correspondence is , that the late Secretary to the
Admiralty had made a decided effort to revert to the good old times when official patronage could be used for party purposes ; that there was a gay insouciance in the almost open manner with which he pursued this course ; and that he treated the checks upou it rather as pragmatical obstructions than as really matters for grave consideration . And the unfortunate coincidence of such conduct
in the Secretary of the Admiralty , while the Secretary-at-War indulged in conduct still more flagrant as a tamperer with elections , is brought under notice exactly at the time when some of the worst cases arc disclosed before the House of Commons . The leading journal says , with some truth , that the last election was more fertile in corruption than any which had preceded it . We doubt that ; but unquestionably the exposures exceed all precedent — exposures which extend into the two great military departments , the Army and Navy .
In his Protestant zeal , Lord Winclulsea has made another attack upon Maynooth ; moving for an enquiry into the management of that College , and the effect of its education . In vain Sir Robert Peel endeavoured to place Maynooth , and the whole question that lunges upon it , on a permanent footing , so as to avoid these annual conflicts . Lord Aberdeen did not venture upon
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"The one Juea wLach History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the > noble e ^ avour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and bv setting aside ths ^ tocbons o ^ jgg ^ Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development or our spiritual nature . "—ZEumboldt ' t Cosmos .
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— - ~ M ^ ESJM ^ S "ssfflsw ^ - zzzzr :.=. zx ,,. ,, onA How to Improve the Harmony ot Tho Week in Parliament . ' . 386 Miscellaneous 394 the Evening 398 THE ARTSletters from Paris 390 Health of London during the Week 395 Cab Reform 393 The Opera 405 Continental Notes ... 391 Births , Marriages , and Deaths 395 " A Stranger" in Parliament 398 French Plays 405 The Great Eocket Case ..... 392 a Reformed News Tax 400 Society of British Artiata 405 The Huddersfleld Election . 392 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— Our Great Moral Instructor 400 The Two Lands of Gold 406 New Colonial Bishops 392 The Principles of the Budget 400 Mrs . BeecherS ^^ ScotlanJ 392 Tl ^ S ^! uS ^ L ^ ... 1 ^ :. 395 Prepaid Taxation m COMMERC . AL AFFA . RS-* 3 SZJL ^ L . ™ 393 Power of the Workmg Classes 396 L . TERATURE- City Intelligence , Markets , Adver-Clnnele ^ -Lett ;™ :::..:::.. 393 National Arbitratio n in Practice ... 397 Books on our Table 403 tisements , &c 406-408
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VOL . IV , STo . 161 . ] SATURDAY , APRIL 23 , 1853 . [ Price Sixpence .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 23, 1853, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1983/page/1/
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