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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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of somewhat . uneven ground , till it reaches the western bank of the river -Waldmer , and then slants up the summit of the Chicolee ridge , descending again to Poona , distant from Bombay 113 miles . The line from Bombay to Callian will cost 450 , 0002 ., and two millions more will be required for the branches . The opening of the railway was made the occasion of a great holiday at Bombay , atTannah , and all along the line . The first train started from Bombay amid guns firing , bands playing , and the cheering of an immense crowd of people of all classes and colours . The whole lino was crowded with spectators , and the
excitement among the natives , who thronged every standin-place—from posts and pillars to trees and housetops—was intense . At Tannah there was a splendid feast , and many congratulations . It was proudly boasted that the success of the railway was not one of the barren victories of the battle-fields . The tone of the proceedings was that of sterling spirit and good sense . It was stated that the native workmen engaged on the line , to the number of 1 O 00 , had proved docile , intelligent , and industrious ; and respecting the hope of profit , the Chairman forcibly referred to the commercial enterprise of India , and to t he amount of traffic which even now pours down the rugged and almost
impracticable gorges of the Thull Ghaut . The Indian newspapers remark , with some sharpness , the absence of all the official dignitaries from n celebration so important , and point to it as a proof of the apathy in industrial matters of the British Governors .
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WHO INVENTED THE ELECTRIC TELEGBAPH ? A French physician , by name M . Napoleon Henry , resident at Arnavillc , in the department of Meurthe , claims the original discovery of the electric telegraph . The French have an undoubted title to many of the most important inventions which English mechanical genius lias been first to bring into practical operation : and in many cases where they have not invented the discovery , they have invented the claim . Let us see , however , what M . Napoleon Henry has to say for his title , to the discovery of the most wonderful invention of modern science . In 1836 , he asserts , he established at Amiens a correspondence by electric lines with his neighbour M . Lapostollc , a distinguished chemist , who then lived in the outskirts of that town . The communication was from the electric machine-on the premises of M . Henry , with the extremity of the lines placed in the garden of M . Ltipostolle . One shock represented A , two shocks B , three G , and . so on . The physician thought it his duty to refer his discovery to the then Minister of Commerce and Public Works , who , like all Ministers past , present , and to come , pooh-poohed tho discovery in the following polite note : — Paris , October Id , 38 : 30 .
" Si it ,--I have submitted to the Consultation Oommilteo of Arts and Manufactures attached to my Ministry , the description of the electric holograph which you transmitted to me in August ; lust . The committee , after examination of your invention , consider it impracticable on n large Nciiie , and incapable of attaining the results you propone . Accordingly , you will donblle . sa consider that it i . snot competent for me to take into further consideration the scheme which formed > the subject of your memorial . < : For the . Minister Secretary of State , " The Direetoi- Vivncx . "
r lhis reply appears to have discouraged Doctor Henry , lie . gave up his experiments , and now the invention , declared by the French Minister of Commerce , in 183 ( 5 to be impracticable , in in 1853 in active operation from one end of Kurope to another . To us the greatest ¦ wonder of all is , that M . Napoleon Henry , if he is vet nlivo , should have so long waited to assert his prior claim to the discovery henceforth inseparably associated with the name of Whcatstone . Did Doctor Napoleon Henry wait for the accession of his namesake to the Imperial Throne ?
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TUK DEMOCRATIC ADDRESS AGAINST AMERICAN SLAVEHT . Wi : have been requested to publish the . subjoined correspondence as supplementary to the democratic address against slavery which appeared in our columns of May iiS . We take this opportunity to correct nn erroneous impression which appears to have been created in the minds of some renders by the fuel , of that address being dated from our otlice by tho
genfloinen who had undertaken to collect the signatures , nnd t . o transmit them to America . Am a mutter of courtesy to the originator * of the address in question , to whose motives and sympathies (( very respect is due , we consented to allow the copies of the address to he returnable to 7 , W'rtlhujton-strret ., Strand . To thut , single act of hospitality wuh , and is , necessarily limited the relation between the Leader Oflleo and the Anti-Slavery Addi-t'HS of 1858 English " democrats . "
. . , - ¦ - , r " f r ¦ ' IBTTEB TO THE BIGHT . HON . THE ,, EABL ; OF . C ^ RBISLE , P . C . My Lobd , —I take the " liberty of enclosing you copies of communications ; : constituting " . - .-a : ' second , address to America against negro slavery , which has this day been forwarded to the ¦ •¦ Times , t These documents have never been communicated to those friends to the . abolition of slavery with whom your Lordship is understood to act , because it was desirable to preserve Independence as to the origin and completion of this second address . But total silence
the communication is made now , as upon me subject might lead the public to suppose that some antagonism exists on tho part of those who hare taken this new step . We should be glad , therefore , if your lordship would favour us by placing these documents in the hands of Her Grace , the Duchess of Sutherland , as such an act may testify ( what is indeed the truth ) that , this separate proceeding of addressing the Americans has' not been intended as any disrespect , political , social , or personal , either to Her Grace or the illustrious ladies assembled at
Stafford House . . . Having distinctfwlitical affinities , those who have signed this second address have thought it useful to invoke them on , behalf of the negro ; but we do . not undervalue the fact of an aristocratic protest against the legalised and unconditional servitude of the distant black . For do we sympathise with the objection which condemns such a protest against a remote wrong , because we have some analogous evil at home unredressed . Such reasoning would hbour sub
prevent any man from advising his neig on . any - ject until lie was perfect in all things himself . If one nation cannot admonish , anpther until it is itself socially consistent , international criticism will be for ages impossible . Let recrimination correct inconsistency , but let the expression of indignation against social wrong in every clime go on . We therefore claim to be considered as having taken , a second step -without intending or implying any disparagement of the greater step taken before . I have the honour to be , my Lord , on the part of the
circulators of the second address , your lordship s most obedient servant , Gr . J . Hoitoa . ke . Woburn Buildings , London , ' May 25 , 1853 .
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Reply of the JEarl of Carlisle . Sin , —I will not fail to transmit your communication to the Duchess of Sutherland , who , I feel sure , haa no wish that she or her friends should monopolise the expression of English feeling on the subject . I have the honour to be , Sir , your humble servant , Carxisxe . G . J . Holyoafce , Esq . May 27 , 1853 .
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W A G fe S . The operatives advance in their demands , and improve , in their methods of making them . Unsettled demands are many . At Swansea , the plasterers—at Birmingham , the painters , plumbers , and glaziers—at Burnley , the painters and plasterers—at St . Helen ' s , the painters —and on the Manchester Railway , the plate-layersdemand higher wages ( in most cases of 2 s . per week ) , and have struck , or are preparing to do so . In Portsmouth , the question of the carpenters' wages remains unarranged ; the men demand Gel . a day advance , and ten hours' work instead of ten and a half . ( Tho Portsmouth Times sensibly suggests that paying by piece-work instead of day-pay should bo adopted in
this craft , as it has heen , with good eilect , m others . ) At Wigan , the joiners , the plumbers , and the briekniiikers , arc still out on strike . In the Manchester district , the object now mainly sought is " short time . " In Holt on , Manchester , Ashton , Stalybridge , Newton , Hyde , and Mossley , the cotton spinners have succeeded in reducing their hours of work from thirteen to ten hours per day . Rejoicing in their new leisure , and wishing to secure its permanenco hy making the custom general , the successful operatives organized an "invasion " of ( Jlossop Dale , where the hours are still long . In huge trains , and with banners and music , they visited their fellow-workmen in tho Dale , and made a joyous holiduy demonstration in favour of short time . A new fact
appears ; they have heen promised support from the conceding masters , now undersold in the Manchester market by tlie musters who work overtime . The Glossoj » Dale men gladly welcomed the propagandists , and pledged themselves to insist , upon working only for twelve hours , with one hour nnd a half allowed for meals . In Liverpool a movement of great magnitude has commented . The cotton porters- 3500 strongare out on strike , demanding 4 , v . instead of [ is . Cut . per diiy ; and they are hacked by the dock-labourers , numbering 5000 , who are also " out . " On Monday thero was consequently only one ship at work . The masters
are willing to give tho advance , but they refu . se , wishing < o break down thin formidable ; combination . In Slockport a new spirit , in evinced by tho master . spinners ; they reason with the men , and hIiow cause for their proceedings . In reply to the demand of the np ' iliners for nn advance of 10 per cent , thoy have procured statmticH of the wages within a circuit of thirty miles , proposing to consent , to an average , remuneration . Tho negotiation , however , has not been successful ; the masters have retimed the demanded increase , and the men , to the number of 20 , 000 , are out on strike . The operatives have been ' successful in many ¦ quarters ^ " ' l
. In , Carlisle , the j rise ,. of 10 per cent , has been accorded by the ' most extensile master weavers in the town . - At St .-Helen ' s , the joiners have won 2 * . a week advance , aridX'half-hour &r tea ; the cabinet-makers of Burnley have * got the same increase in wages ; and at Beccles a similar , success . has , been secured by the bricklayers . At Birmingham there is plenty of work and good wages for all classes of operatives , the decrease of pauperism in the town being a remarkable proof ; the number of persons relieved has declined from 37 , 304 in the first „ half , year of 1848 to 10 , 302 in the half year just ended . In Coventry good
workmen in the watch-trade are very scarce , the Australian demand for watches being extensive . In Kidderminster the demand of the carpet weavers , lately recorded , has been successful , and the manufacture is steadily prosperous ; and in Leeds the woollen manufacturers are extending their employment . In the north of Ireland , the augmented wages and the increased number of hands have not resulted in increased production , which would show that the Irish workmen are taking advantage of their value in the market to do less work . In Exeter , Tiverton , Crediton , and other towns of Devonshire , the shoemakers ask higher wages ;
and at Teigmnouth and Torquay the plasterers and joiners are making a similar demand ; both are likely to succeed . The movement on behalf of the weavers of Spitalfields , Bethnal Green , and Waterloo Town , is proceeding : meetings are being held and committees organized , but no distinct negotiation as to terms has been as yet commenced . In the metropolitan districts generally there would seem to be plenty of work for willing hands : the overseers of the parish of St . Luke ' s are paying 2 s . a-day for stone-breaking . The Government employes are not so successful in their movements as the workers in private establishments . At Manchester the constables have been refused an advance
beyond 18 s . a-week , and 250 have given notice of resignation . The letter-carriers of Liverpool have been very sternly refused a rise to the level of the London salaries , Lord Canning threatening those who think of resigning in a body , that although he may be obliged to get new men at higher wages , yet the higher wages will never be given to any who may join in the combined movement . Two general facts we glean from the news of the week ' . In Wales the scarcity of labour is increased by the extensive emigration of Mormon operatives ; and in Notting ham the town is so full of prosperous working men , that a vacant house is not to be had .
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A RUSSIAN DEMOCRATIC PRINTING OFFICE IN LONDON . London is becoming daily more and more the centre of the intellectual movement of the world . ( The abdication of Paris has left to London the absolute and undisputed supremacy in the Propaganda of liberty and civilization . A distinguished Russian emigrant , M . Herzon , better known in his own country under the pseudonym of Iscander , has recently established , at his own solo expense , a Russian printing ottice , to work in connexion with the central Polish democratic organization . Besides his Russian publications , M . Herzen has published in Germany ( in 1850 ) , Von Awlem JJfer , and liricfe aus Italien und Frankreich . In French ( 1861-65 ) , Du dSvcloppemcnt des idies revolutionnaires en Russic : a letter to M . Miehelet on the Russian People . Tho last named brochure can scarcely bo said to have come into circulation ; almost the entire edition published at Nice having been seized at Marseilles . All the efforts of the editor and of tlio printer to recover tho edition were fruitier . In Austria and in Russia foreign % works interdicted by the police uro returned to tho owners ; in France , it seems , they are- appropriated .
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A GLASGOW GOBLIN . Tun watchmen of Balmanno-street , Glasgow , woro much terrified on Friday evening . An apparition flitted by them with Avild gestures and greyhound speed . They gave chase , and found it a man , half naked . The officers , conceiving that something was wrong with the man , attempted to cateli him , when lie took refugo on a Btiiir near tho top of tho street , Jloro they followed , and found him standing about twelve or fourteen steps up , but just when they were about to lay hands on him , lie gave a bound and then a spring right over their heads , by which ho gained the door , and bolted down the nLrcut like a greyhound . JIo wmh at Ins ! , run into . in Ifavuimah-street iu a state of complete exhaustion . Tho poor wretch had just ertcaped from gaol , und , tho story , of hia escape in moat singular . 11 i » tliun told by tho Glasgow Herald :
" Tho door of tho coll in which ho wuh placed is ho stron" - that it could only be forced in by a cannon-Hhot . As tho ' is neither fireplace nor chimney in the cell , tho only other opening in tho thick wall i » that furnished by a small slip or loop-liolo , enclosed -with substantial stone , forming an opening of about fourteen inches high , by about four in width . But to make matters nioro secure , thero is nailed or Hcreweil over thin ' opening , on the inside , a strong iron plate , more than thirty pounds in weight , and which being perforated with Kinall holes , admits an much light in tho dnyliirioiiH just servos to . make darknoHH'visible . But tho ojteratioim of tho prisoner . worn prompt , and poruevoring . liy an act of almost , superhuman strength ho wrenched on tho iron plato , by t a king advantage oDsomo point , at which the Loavy screw nails * must have been loosened , nnd
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562 THE - A IE JsE > IL - [ Saturday , -:
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Leader (1850-1860), June 11, 1853, page 562, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1990/page/10/
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