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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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which as a separate department , is suppressed . M . Magne , late Minister of Public Works , retains his department in its new combination . _ A statute , emanating from the instruction of tho Jimperor determines the position and the obligations ot the members of the imperial family , substituting m some respects the authority of the Emperor for the prescriptions of the Code Napoleon . The effect is to place the members of the imperial family under the absolute control ot the Emperor .
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The crisis of the Eastern question holds the whole continent of Europe in suspense . All other topics of political interest in Europe aro for the present in abeyance . The circular of Count Nesselvode , noticed more particularly in our department of Public Affairs , appeared in the Journal of St . Petersburg , of the 11 th inst ., when thcltussian Government must have learned the order to the combined fleets to proceed to Besika liny . The signature ofM . de Nosselrode is noticeable , as that veteran statesman is thought to represent the German party ns opposed to the Muscovite party , in Russian politics ; and it had been surmised that his opposition to the moro violent and aggressive policy represented by Prince MenschikofF , had alienated him from the recent councils of tho Kmvcroi :
M . Emilo do Girordin considers this circular as at least a striking homage to the public opinion of Europe ; nnd ho argues that whom there in so evident a disposition to defer to that public opinion , and to submit tlio Russian claims to diacuasion , there cannot be any serious determination to appeal to anus . Notwithstanding the dilliciilty of believing in tho possibility of war , we cannot altogether adopt tho rather optimist conclusions of l ' a Prossa . Tho circular note in question is addressed by the Russian Government to all its diplomatic agents abroad , to bo communicated by them to the several governments to which they aro accredited . "It passes in review , " snyo tho Morning Chronicle , ( the first journal in Europe to publish tho note , ) " all tho incidents of tho question , and endeavours to demonstrate that tho protectorate claimed by tho Czar over tho Greeks in tho East cannot bo contented , either in prinoiplo or in fact . The note then declares that
tho want of sincerity displayed in this question by tho Turkish Government , winch had accorded to . Russia and Franco respectively contradictory firnians in favour of tho Greeks and Latins , obliges the Russian Government to domand guarantees for tho future . It demanded at first to have those guarantees inserted in a formal convention hotweon . Russia and tho Porto ; but afterwards , from a spirit of conciliation , it successively reduced its demand to t \\ o Hened ; finally , to an engagement taken by tho Porto , in tho nhapo of a noto addressed by the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs to tho Minister of Foreign Affairs of RuRHin .. This noto , the ' Russian Government declares , conUiiiH tho ortromo limits of its concessions , and if within tho delay of eight days tho Porto does not . accept puroly and simply that proposition , which has already boon tho subuiot of the IrhI communication of Princo JMensehikoff to Mwwhid Vacua , and on the first refusal of which it determined th * departure of that envoy , Russia will bo
obliged to take the necessary measures to cut the knot which it would have been her earnest desire to loose pacifically ; but it throws upon the Porte , and those who have encouraged it to resist the demands of Russia , the responsibility of all the fatal consequences which that resistance may engender for the peace of the world . " . Two Kussian agents have arrived in Jassy ( Moldavia ) , and have taken up their quarters in the house of the Russian Consul . The greatest excitement prevails throughout the country .
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THE POLITICAL TESTAMENT OF PETER THE GREAT . Text of the scheme for the subjugation of Europe left by Peter the Great to his successors on the throne of Russia , and deposited in the archives of the Palace of Peterhofi , near St . Petersburg : — In the name of the most holy and indivisible Trinity , we , Peter , Emperor and Autocrat of all the Kussias , &c ., to all our descendants and successors to the throne and government of the Bussian nation . . , The sreat God of whom we hold our existence and our crown having constantly enlightened and supported us with ma Divine aid , &c . ,. ... THere Peter the Great lays down that according to his views , which he believes to be those of Providence , he regards the Bussian nation as destined in future time to the subjugation ot all Europe . . . ... . „ ., He founds this conviction on the opinion that most ot the other nations of Europe have already lapsed or are rapidly lapsing into decadence , and cousequently will fail an easy conquest to a young and new race in the plenitude of its vigour and eneriry The Czar , indeed , considers these periodical renovations of the East and West by theNorth as the clear design of Providence , as instanced in the conquest of Borne by the . Goths . He compares that migration of the northern races to the overflowings of the Nile , which at certain epochs renews with , its fertilizing inundations the impoverished soil of Egypt . In like manner , he says , Russia , which he found a rivulet and will leave a river , will become under his successors a vast sea , destined to fertilise impoverished Europe : a sea which no dykes attempted to lie raised by enfeebled , hands will contain , if his descendants know how to regulate its course . Accordingly , he commends to their earnest attention and constant meditation this table of instructions , as Moses commended the Tables of the Law to the Israelites . ]
. . . .. ,, ^ - The following is a succinct summary , comprising the tenour of these instructions ;— i . To maintain the Bussian nation without intermission on a war footing ; a nation of soldiers hardened by discipline , and ever ready for active service ; to give the army only just repose enough ) to refreshithe finances of the state and to reorganize the troops ; to seize the best opportunities for attack , and so to make peace ancillary to war and war to peace , in the interest of the aggrandizement and increasing prosperity of Bussia .
ii . To invite into the Russian service by all possible inducements , from among the most cultivated nations of Europe , the ablest captains during war , and nien of science and learning in time of peace : so as to make Bussia gain the advantages peculiar to other nations without losing any of her own . in . To take part on all occasions in the domestic affairs and internal contentions of tho rc 8 t of Europe , especially those of Germany , which being nearer , are of more immediate interest .
IV . To divide Poland , by stirring up perpetual disorders and jealousies in that country : to buy up the men in power : to influence and corrupt tho Diets , bo as to operate powerfully upon the elective successions to the throne : to get ( Russian ) partisans elected to the kingly office , to protect those nominees , to occupy the kingdom ( in exercise of such protectorate ) with Russian troops , and to continue the occupation till the time ty < is arrived to remain there altogether . If the neighbouring powers oppose difficulties to this policy , to appease them for the moment by partitioning the country , till the time has come to retake whatever may ' have been given up . v . To take as much of Sweden as can bo got , and to study occasions for inviting attack ( from Sweden ) by way of pretext for its subjugation . To that end , to isolate Sweden from Denmark and Denmark from Sweden , and carefully stimulate their mutual rivalries .
VI . Always to select consorts for the Russian Princes of the blood from among the German Princesses , mo as to multiply family alliances , draw near tho reciprocal intercuts of tho two nations , mid by multiplying our sources of inuuonco in Gernuu > y to unite her , if herself , to our cause . VII . To seek , by preference , tho commercial alliance of England , as being tho power which bus most want of us for her navy , and which may bo the most useful towards the development of ours . To ctxehnngo our timber and other productions for her gold , and to cMtdbliMh between her merchants and Hiiilorw , tuid our own rontimioim relations , such as may train the latter to tho jjur-Biiits of nuvigation and commerce .
VIII . To r . itond ourselves without ceasing towards tho North , along tho shores of tho Ilullic , as well as towards the South along the count of the Jilack Sea . IX . To approach as much an possible Constantinople and tho Indies . Whoever sbull rule there will be the real uoveroign of tho world . In pursuance of thin plan , to stir up perpotiuil war , utono time , against tho Turks , at another against JL ' uraia ; to establish doctkyards in tho Black Boa ; to tako possession of that sea , Rtcp by sN'j ) , us well as of tho JJultie- - n . noiiblo point necessary to tho success oi •¦!»»» project ; to hasten tho decadence of I ' oroiu ; to ]>( Mictrnt < t to tho l ' ersian Unit '; to re-establish , ifpossiblo , through [ Syria , tho ancient commerce of Mm Levant , nnd to advance right on to Iho Indies , which , are tho entrenflt of tho world . Once there , wo can dispense with tho f ^ old of JCnglond ; X . To seek and cherish Hcdulounly tho Austrian nllianoo ; to Bujmort overtly her iduiin of the future sovereignty of ( Jorniuny , and covertly to excite against her tho jealousy of the I ' riiiwly Houses . 'i \> endeavour to provoke appeals from either party to ltiiHsia for lutsistancc , and to exercine over Austria a epocicu of protection , preparatory to future domination .
^ To interest , the House of Austria in expelling tho Turks from ICurope , nnd to neutralize her jeulouwy at tho donqiiest . of { Jount . antiuonle , either by getting up it war between her nnd the other old European HtaicH , or by giving her a portion of thin conquest , which may ha retaken from her on u Jo-tor occasion . XII . To labour nyHleniutieally to rally around uftall tho disunited or nohiMiiuitio Uruvkit tfottttorod through Hungary uud ill tho South of Poliuul ; to make ouraelvea their centre , thtir puppoit , and to ettalilish beforehand a unicoreal predominant by a sort ofroyalty
or sacerdotal supremacy ; this will be to procure us many friends in the midst of each of our enemies . Sweden being dismembered , Persia subdued , Poland subjugated , Turkey conquered , our armies combined , the Black Bea and the Baltic guarded by our ships , we must then-Propose separately and J 4 the deepest seoresy , first to the Pawn , ot Versailles , and afterwards to that of Vienna , to share Witt tjem the empire of the universe . If one of them accent —\ yhicb cannot fail to be the case by flattering their ambition and thenvanity—to use that one as an instrument for crushing the other ; then to crush in its turn the survivor , bringing on a strwjgU of whioh the issue cannot be doubtful , when Bussia sh » 4 be in absolute possession already of all the East , and a great part of Europe xrr . If _ which is not probable—each of these two Powers refused the offer of Bussia , it would be necessary to devise causes of quarrel between them , and so to make them mutually exhaust each other . Then seizing a , decisive moment , Russia would pour her troops , concentrated in readiness , upon Germany , whilst two considerable fleets would at tho same time gail—the one from the Sea of Azof , the other from the port oi Archangel , thronged with Asiatic hordes , under convoy oi armed squadrons from the Black Sea and the Baltic . Advancing thus by the Mediterranean and the ocean , they would inundate France on the one side and Germany on the other , and these two countries being subdued , the rest of Europe would pass easily and without a blow , under our yoke . So may and must Europe be subdued !
This copy of the Testament of Peter the Great is borrowed from the Memoirs 6 f the Chevalier d ' Eon , published in 1836 , and edited by M . Frederic G-aillardet , on papers furnished by the family of the Chevalier , and authentic materials deposited in the archives of the Ministry of . Foreign Affairs . The Chevalier d'Eon , attached on two missions to the ChargS d'Affaires of the court of Versailles in Bussia , was presented at the court of Elizabeth , on the first occasion as a woman , under tho name of Mdlle . Ida de Beaumont , and on the ^ ceond , under the name of the Chevalier d'Eon , brother of Mdlle . Lia de Beaumont . The young attache was entrusted with the special mission of conquering the good graces of Elizabeth , and enjoined to avail himself of the influence acquired by his personal qualities , to persuade VersaillesThe
the Czarina to accede to the treaty of . success of the young attache" was complete : he became the secret favourite of Elizabeth . This intimacy of the Chevalier with the Empress enabled him to procure a copy of the testament of Peter the Great . The Chevalier d'Eon returned to France in 1757 , charged by his imperial mistress to bring her accession to the treaty of Versailles . He logt no time in eommnnicatiD / j the Testament of Peter the Great , first to the Abbe" de Bernis , Minister of Foreign Affairs , and next to the King himself . But this gigantic scheme of European domination , conceived by Peter the First , appeared chimerical to the ministers of Louis XV . On this point we find the following remarks of the Chevalier himself , in the Vie Bolitique du Chevalier d'JSon , published in 1779 , by £ afortellc : — " This communication" ( the testament of Poter I . ) " was
treated with levity by the cabinet of Versailles : they deemed the plans impossible , and the views chimerical . In vain did I , from my bed of suffering" ( the Chevalier had broken a leg on his return from Ruggia ) " draw , up and despatch a secret memoir to the King , to M . le Mareclial de Belle-Isle , to M . 1 ' Abbe" do Bernis , to M . le Marqui $ dc l'Hopital , who had just been appointed ambassador to St . Petersburg , and to M . le Comte de Broglie , our ambassador in Poland , to declare to them that it was tho secret intention of tho court of Russia , at tho death , now imminent , of Augustus III ., to overrun Pojand with troops , so as to obtain absolute control of the election of the succeeding king , and to seize a part of tho Polish territory , in conforrriity with tho scheme of Peter the Great . All my overtures were considered undeserving of serious attention , no doubt because they emanated from a young man . But in 1778 were experienced the disastrous ofl ' ccts of that preiudico against my youthfulness . "
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ELECT ION EXPOSURES . A committee has been investigating the history of tlio Durham petitions . Atherton and Granger ( Liberals ) were returned for Durham last election , Lord Adolphus Vane being defeated . Mr . Granger died , and then the Tory agents petitioned against Mr . Athcrton alone . But they proposed to Mr . Atherton to withdraw tho petition if he hik I his party would allow Lord Adolpbus to have , tho vacant seat . Mr . Coppock , the Liberal ugen ] t , entertained this proposition , and seeing tho Tories were anxious to have t }«) writ
issued ut once , ho , to strengthen his position in dealing with them , presented to the House " a petition , " ( tlnw stopping tho issue of the writ . ) In this petition he prayed against Mi-. Granger ' s return , and that tlio sent bo given to Lord Adolphns Viuio (!) mich prayer being necessary as un obstruction to tho issue of the writ . Tho negotiation proceeded , and Mr . Coppock withdrew his pretended petition , with tho understanding that the Tory petition ugainst Mr . Athorton should alao ho withdrawn . Mr . Athorton deposed that he loft all the business in Mr . Coppoek ' s hnnda .
The nomination for Durham took place on Thursduy . Sir Chillies Douglas in the Liberal candidate , and Mr . Mowbray , tlio Conservative candidate . At Taunton , tlio generosity of noi » o friends of Sir John RamMlen took a handsome and pleasant form . Joseph Pitman met Charles Webber , and conversed with him in a friendly way . " Would you like an excursion ; " lie said ; ' " to Plymouth P To London r * To Jtath ? " " No , tiiank you , " said Webber . " You haven't money to go , " suddenly thought Pitman . " Tuku my nurtw : ilvo or seven pounds : uu you ploiuu . " This kindjicw overpower ^ "V ^ ebber , ijnd , qy % yfo duyp
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M . Bermudes de Castro , the Spanish Minister of France , has resigned . This resignation is believed to be on account of the M inister ' s refusal to sanction an unconstitutional railway concession without the consent of the Cortes .
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Perhaps the most important item of news not referring to the Eastern question is the announcement , that the Federal Government is likely to recal the Swiss troops in the service of the King of Naples . This would be a very serious matter for the King , who lias no native troops on which he can rely . The official Gazette of Naples records a miracle . An image of the Virgin has emitted flames from her bosom . M . Garibaldi , the Papal Nuncio at Paris , who died last week of a stroke of apoplexy , was buried with great pomp at Notre Dame on Tuesday last .
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The armaments of Turkey and of Russia are pushed with great vigour . The Egyptian naval contingent has reached Constantinople , and is to be disposed along the entrance of the Black Sea , to support the land defences . A contingent of four thousand men has been sent by the Bey of Tripoli . The British fleet arrived in Besika Bay on the 13 th instant , having left Malta very early on the morning of the 9 th . The French fleet sailed from Salamis Bay on the 11 th , and intelligence of its arrival in Besika Bay has reached the French Government . Besika Bay lies between the site of ancient Troy and the Island of Tenedos . The ships " water" from the Scamander . The first Castle of the Dardanelles is little more than seven miles distant . The Baron de Bruck , Austrian Internuncio to Constantinople , touched at Corfu in the Custozza steamer , on the 9 th inst ., en route to his post . An A ustrian Archduke is expected at Constantinople in a frigate . A finnan has been granted the frigate to pass the Dardanelles . It is reported that Prince Mensckikoff has been appointed governor of the Crimea . At Odessa and Bucharest there do not appear to exist any lively apprehensions of war , notwithstanding the formidable preparations . The Greek populations incline to Turkey , and Persia is not less favourable to the Sultan . Russia has recently sustained severe losses in the Caucasus . Two rifle regiments are being organized in Turkey for service on the Balkan , on the plan of the French Chasseurs de Vincennes . On the 12 th inst ., the Emperor Nicholas reviewed the Baltic licet at Cronstadt . Cronstadt was founded by Peter the Great . It is twenty miles from Petersburg . On tho 7 tli inst ., the expected Imperial Firman was issued at Constantinople guaranteeing complete immunities rights , and privileges to all the subjects of the Sultan , not Mahometans . A telegraphic despatch from Constantinople dated the 16 th inst . is to this ofl ' ect : —Tho ultimatum of Russia lias been finally rejected by the Porte .
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( 508 TH E h Ji A P E fi . rSAgPiHHy ,
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Leader (1850-1860), June 25, 1853, page 608, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1992/page/8/
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