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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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moned the Baron , who after a defence in person was Sjudged to pay the eightpence over again to the rightful claimant .
HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . The deaths reg istered in London in the week that ended last Saturday were 990 , and show an increase on the return of the previous week . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1843—52 the average number was 976 , which , it raised in proportion to increase of population , becomes 1074 Hence it appears that the actual mortality of last week is less than the estimated amount by 84 . _ On a comparison of the results of the last two weeks , a email increase is observed in all the more important classes
of disease , except that of " diseases of the respiratory organs , " which shows a decrease from 127 cases to 116 . Zymotic diseases in the aggregate rose from 208 to _ 214 ; amongst these diarrhoea increased from 24 to 33 , typhus from 30 to 52 ; while measles fell from 20 to 15 , scarlatina from 39 to 27 , hooping cough from 67 to 56 . ^ \ _ Last week the births of 805 boys and 740 girls , in all 1545 children , were registered in London . The average number in eight corresponding weeks of the years 1845—52 was 1442 . " ' ¦ . ¦ ' . _ . . . - ' . ht
At the Eoyal Observatory , Greenwich , the mean heig of the barometer in the week was 29-597 in . The mean temperature was 57 * 4 degs ., which is 3 * 1 degs . below the average of the same week in 38 years . The mean daily temperature was below the average on every day , except Friday and Saturday , and this depression on Monday and Tuesday amounted to more than 7 degs . The highest temperature was 78 * 7 degs ., and occurred on Friday ; the lowest was 44-1 degs ., and occurred on Tuesday . The mean difference between the dew point temperature and air temperature in the week was 7 * 7 degs . ; the greatest difference was 20-1 degs ., and occurred on Friday ; the least differences were 1-6 deg . and 1-6 deg . on Wednesday and Friday . The wind blew from the north or north-east on Tuesday , Wednesday , and Thursday , and from the south-west at the beginning and end of the week .
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BIRTHS , MARRIAGES , AND DEATHS . BIRTHS . On the 23 rd of June , at Northwood-house , the wife of Mr . Serjeant Bellasis : a son . On the 24 th , at 60 , Ebuxy-street , the Hon . Mrs . Delaval Astley : a son . ¦ . ¦ - ¦ On the 25 th , at Frittenden , lady Harriet Moore : a son . On the 26 th , at 17 , Whitehall-place , the wife of W . Seymour Vesey FitzGerald , Esq ., M . P .: a son . On the { 28 th , at St . James's Palace , the Hon . Mrs . Charles Grey ' : ~ danghter . On the 29 th , at 41 , York-terrace , Mrs . T . Cap el Broadvvood : a daughter . MARRIAGES . On the 9 th of June , at the Garrison Church , Corfu , Robert William Lowry , Esq ., CaptainofH . M . ' sForty-seventhRegiment , to Emily Rohesia , daughter of H . E . Sir H . G . Ward , Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands . On the 21 st , at Boldre Church , Hants , Riohard Henry Eamus , Esq . of Cleve , Gloucestershire , son of the late Colonel Ramua , to Adelaide Emma , eldest daughter . of the late Newton Wigney , Esq ., M . P . for Brighton . On the 22 nd , at Market Bosworth , Evan Herbert Lloyd , Esq ., of Ferney-hall , Salop , to Emily Juliana Dixie , youngest daughter of Sir Alexander Dixie , Bart ., of Bosworth-park , Leicestershire .
On the 23 rd , at Hampstead , Enoch Harvey , Esq ., of Liverpool , to Helen Bourne , eldest daughter of the Rev . Edward Tagart , of Wildwood , Hampstead . On tho 23 rd , at Hove Churoh , Brighton , the Rev . Frederick Charles Cass , eldest son of Frederick Cass , Esq ., of Little-grove , Etist Bamet , Hertfordshire , to Julia Elizabeth , second danghter of tho late William Tewart , Esq ., of Glanton , and Swinhoe , Northumberland . On the 23 rd , at Norton Church , Derbyshire , Henry St . John Halford , eldest son of Sir Henry Halford , Bart ., M . P ., of Wistonhall , Leicestershire , to Elizabeth Ursula , second daughter of the late William John Bagshawe , Esq ., ol the Oaks , and of Wormhill-hall , Derbyshire .
On the 27 th , at Chelsea , William Charles Mark Kent , Esq ., only eon of William Kent , Esq ., and grandson of tho la to Captain William Kent , R . N ., to Ann , oldest daughter of Muruo Young , Esq ., proprietor of tho " Sun" newspaper . On the 28 th , at St . George ' s , Hanover-square , John Morgan Edwardcs , youngest son of the late Humphrey Rowlands Jones , Esq ., of Garthmyl , Montgomeryshire , to Harriot , eldest daughter of Sir William Clay , Bart ,, M . P ., of 17 , Hertfordstreet , Mayfair , and Fulwoll-lodge , Twickenham . On the 2 i ) th , at the Abbey Church , Sherborne , Dorset , Brook Kay , Esq ., Captain Sixth Bengal Native Infantry , oldest son of Sir Brook Kay , Bart , to Eliza , eldest daughter of John Porcivnl Wilmott , Esq ., of Westbury , Sherbomo . On the 30 th , at St . George ' s , Hanovor-square , Hastings Dent , Esq ., formerly of tho Coldstream Guards , son of tho late John Dont , Esq ., M . I ' ., to tho Lady Beauiolols Bury , onl y daughter of the lato , and sifitor of tho present Earl of ChurloviUo . On tho 30 th , at St . James ' s , ' . Westminster , Sir Henry Morvyn Vavasour , Bart ., of Spaldington , Yorkrthiro , to tho Hon . Louisa Anne Neville , second daughter of Lord Brivybrooko .
DEATHS . On the 21 st of Juno , at 22 , Cumberland-street , Portman-Rquare , of pulmonary consumption , Miriam , only daughter of Lady Congfoton , in her twenty-ilith year . On tho 21 st , at her residence , Gothie-villa , Qucon ' s-road , St . John ' s-wood , Mrs . Catherine ) Gumming , widow , aged Hovontyilvo . On tho 24 th , at her residence , Grovo-ond-road , St . John ' swood , Anna Maria , widow of the lato Admiral Sir John Luwford . K . O . B . On tho 24 th , nt Writtlo , Essex , W . F . Barlow , F . lt . C . S ., Resident Medical Olllcer of tho Westminster Hospital ,, aged thirty-seven . On tho 25 th , in Nottingham-plaoO , tho Venerable Benjamin Bailey , D . D ., Archdoaoon of Colombo , ngod sixty-two . On tho 26 th , at Hoathileld-hoiiHo , Row , agod fllly-throo , Walter Ruding Dovoroll , Esq ., Secretary to tho Department of Praotical Art .
On tho 20 th , lit his residence , tho Grovo , Weston-Biipor-M » re , in tho count y of Homcmot , John Hugh Smyth Pigott , Esq ., of lJrooklcy Hull , in tho samo ooiinty . On the 2 ilth , nt Bury , Mr . H . Cookton , of that town , ivgoil forty-llvo , author of" Valentino Vox , " " Sylvester Sound , " und other works . On the 28 th , in Groat Stanhopo-stroot , Honriotta Emily Mary , eldotit daughter of Earl and Countess Cowper , in hor sixteenth year , ^«?^ O ^ ii 8 lh ' 5 tChrint ' ol »« ol > . Oxford , in his novonty-third SSoJof&u ""• ? - - Heppin ' gton , Kent , Margwot i roiemior of Dwinlty , md Canon of Chriot Churoh .
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TRADING PROFITS OF WAR . Notwithstanding the pacific turns ^ given by diplomatists to the last Russian . note , it is quite evident that there is no substantial change in the posture of affairs . Russia may see a policy in mitigating the precipitancy of her aggressive career , and the other side may find some confirmation of its own desires in the apparent prudence which suggests a milder form of speech towards the great powers . Nevertheless , the main facts stand exactly as they did before . Turkey is weak , and , according to the theoretical politicians , is to be "destroyed . Russia is insolent , and is to encroach . - \ e allied powers are to keep peace if they can , and rather to yield to Russia than stand up for Turkey . Such , we say , is the disposition and the milder language used by responsible politicians towards the Russian note , implying that timid counsels are prevailing over that hardihood which is the true strength of states . If so , war may be put off for a year , or a few years , but the predisposing causes , instead of being removed , are strengthened , and war will come a little later perhaps , but in a more general and more searchingly subversive form than if it were to break out next
week . We have hitherto regarded war and commerce as incompatible ; the fact being , that some of the most commercial countries have carried on their trade under the shelter of war . We have read of convoys , and that nation which could command strongest convoys was able to push its trade where the weaker nations had to forego the market . Indeed , upon fitting
occasions , the same energy which can push commerce in competing can push it also through blockading squadrons ; and some English fortunes have been made in one way as well as the other . There is a trade attending upon war as well as that which flourishes in peace ; and there are more than one reason why some of our traders might not for a time dislike a change .
In the first place , the insolences of Russia , if they are met by a temporising policy , throw the greatest doubt upon the continuance of peace , and so far spoil the commercial value of tranquillity . A trembling tranquillity must be at a discount in the insurance market . In the next place , if war possesses its own risks , it offers its own opportunities , for English energy and ingenuity can adapt themselves to the one condition as to the other . Insurance is the trade of
setting one chance against another , and depends for its safety upon the extension of its range . But the trade of the world disturbed by war , secures for itself many of the profits of insurance , so that the trade be arranged accordingly . It is probable that other countries might find neither the same tact , tho samo capital for underwriting , tho same skill for building ships fast and safe , tho samo mastery in navigating those ships , tlie samo courage in beating off the assailant , as tho English . We shall probably have but ono great rival—lot us hope also ally—in that state of commerce . Should war break out , and be at all
general , we are certain that a large harvest of profits would accrue specially belonging to that season , availablo for tho energy of English enterprise . It might indeed be as well , that wef should know which turn matters aro to take as soon as possible , for more than one reason . Wo have had a lesson to be prepared against adverse liabilities , and it is to bo hopod that neither our rulers nor our merchants have forgotten tho lesson . If wo had not boon , perhaps beyond expectation , prepared to moot aggression or threats as vigorously as wo have , what would have been tho chances for peaco from this time forward P If England had boon propavod to
submit before insolent claims , Russia would have thought herself endowed with a much greater immunity than she has , found intfact , and her encroachments would have been proportionately stimulated . It would not be war only in Turkey that we should have taresist , if Russia had not been checkedjhere ; jSh / is now , endeavouring to convince other Governments that she means nothing but peace j and if her wiles succeed better than her threats , she may again lull us into a false security j but if we are lulled , we must be foolish indeed . By the conduct of
Russia during the last six m ' onths , we have learned that she is only to be kept in check by the fear of being met with her own weapons j therefore if we intend not only to maintain a political existence , but to defend our commerce against the hostile occupation ' of Europe , we must be prepared to meet Russia in her own way . This settles the case of peace or war , by ^ showing practically that our only chance of maintaining so much peace as exists has been by being prepared to make the aggressive powers feel that war would be worse for them than for us .
But if we are thus forced into a warlike condition , are we to deny ourselves the advantage of that condition P ititherto it has been so : in Europe the policy of this country has been to keep herself to herself , and to let other countries surrender their territories , or conquer others , without real intervention ; and the capital error of that ' policy has been exhibited to us by the serious risk which we have just run in Turkey . We suspect , indeed , that it might be shown to be commercially wrong . The Turkish trade is good so far as it goes , although it is under
3 , 000 , 000 / . a year , not half the trade with Australia . But what is the trade with Austria or Russia ? Nothing . And yet we well know that if the Government of St . Petersburg and Vienna rwere subverted , there are provinces , especially under the Austrian rule , which would have a trade for us proportionate with that of Turkey . What is becoming of the trade with Germany P It is declining , partly through the destructive policy of Governments , but still more through the impoverishment of the people ; and our manufacturers are already beginning to say that the trade of Germany is not worth keeping . The people under their bad government are getting too poor to be worth our
regarding as customers , not because Germans are incompetent to be customers of England , —quite the reverse . They emigrate , as our discontented classes do , and in America they have become to a great extent consumers of English goods . They are leaving Germany this year at a rate which is probably understated when we call it 500 , 000 for the twelve months . Leave them alone , says the dogmatical ceconomist ; let them emigrate , and become good customers on the west of tho Atlantic . There is no reason why Germany itself , however , should not be a profitable trader with us as well as America ; and then we might have the double advantage arising from increase of wealth on both sides of the Atlantic .
The only difficulty arises from the bad Governments , which a word from England might overthrow . When our commercial men " are sufficiently aroused by the noises that forerun the disturbance of a continent , their attention may be awakened to two great practical proofs of much moment for them . In the first place , they will ask themselves the question , whethor tho arrangements of their commerce are such as will be
suited to a time of warlike trouble and disturbance . Are thoir commercial ships built and equipped so as to avoid an enemy as long as possible , and then to boat him off it possible ? Have they in store designs for clippers suited to snatch the trading profits of the most disturbed frontiers ? The answer to that question would bo tho first practical truth brought homo to tho English commercial mind . **
Are they prepared to $ dopt a new principle , —that of pushing tho commerce of , tho country in tho markets of tho world P for it appears to us , that while tho old principle has a chance of growing out of dato , thcro is a fine opportunity for a nowor principle . We have sustained tho passive doctrine of freedom of trade , and havo trusted to " lot alone" for securing us tho principle of reciprocity : that principle , howovor , has been to a largo extent a failure with all the countries that are not politically in sympathy with ub . Wo have chances with America :
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684 THE LEAD ER . [ Saturday ,
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There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law ofits creation in eternal progress . —Db . Abnokc .
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ir t ¦ ¦ ¦ — : SATURDAY , JULY 2 , 1853 .
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Leader (1850-1860), July 2, 1853, page 634, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1993/page/10/
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