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VOL . IV . No . 181 . ] SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 10 , 1853 . [ fmm Sixpence .
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THE peace of Europe now hangs in breathless suspense on the decision of the Czar ; for to such a point it appears we have coine , after all the brave assurances about . controlling that headstrong and irrational Potentate ! The Turkish modifications in the Vienna Note have been followed by an authoritative statement of the reasons which animated the Porte in
requiring those modifications . These reasons are stated in singularly calm , argumentative language , without elaboration , as it is without irritating pungency . The power of the statement is derived entirely from its appealing to the rational and correct feeling of all men , without regard to country , party , or sect . The purpose is expressed by its own writer , thus" The paragraphs that the Sublime Povtc might , with regard to religious privileges , insert in the Note « Ue will sign , ought , us it has always been declared either verbally or in writing , to express nothing but
assurances calculated to banish the doubts put forward hy the Government of Russia , and which have formed the subject of these discussions . But to fortify by now ties the religious identity already existing between a great community of the subjects of the Sublimo Porto » nd a foreign power , to give to the Government of Russia a motive to pretend to exercise » a right of surveillance and interference in such ' matters , would be , in
• me sort , to admit a participation in sovereign rights , '" id to endanger the existence of the empire . It is , hcrofore , totally impossible for tho Government of bis Majesty tho Sultan to assent to such u proposition Without being forced . " A lie objection here enforced is exactly the same M substanc e with the objection which Turkey made to the note proposed by Prince Menschikoff , namely , * the recognition of Russia as exercising a distinct an d effective influence in Turkey , and directing l ( i acts of its sovereign power . The position of ) llr Ministers lit . t . b <» iiw > H (» nt . innmmit is
liTiinfol-K «> le . Having supported Turkey in resisting ccr"i de mands , they now support Austria , in repeating . S ! Un ( - demands . The Times cries out at Turkey () 1 the delay , and , at the mime time , describes the 1 > e . stion of peace or war as depending upon Itus-*| J 5 a position which implies that the mediatin g "Wui-8 really surrender the settlement of the I efition to the principals between whom they (! 1 » d to mediate , or , rather , to the aggressor * V'J they combined to resist . That strange l « ition which we noticed lust week , subsists in 111 * ta perilous ambiguity .
On the other hand , Optimism supposes that the position of England or France is not finally determined by that of the Four Powers . The Four Powers have proposed an
accommodation ; if it were accepted by Turkey , well ; England and France would he glad ; but if either one or other of the conflicting States refuse the accommodation , the whole affair is again thrown loose —the function of the Four Powers has ceased , the constituent members of the Conference are once more separately free ; and in that case , it is averred , France and England would revert to their original support of Turkey .
Rome appears to be more or less mixed up with the other remarkable movements in Europe . Rome itself , indeed , is the seat of one —a grand razzia of patriots connected with the party of Italy . There is no concealing the fact of the detection . The men who have been arrested are known for their patriotic feelings , as some of them are for their distinguished ability . That there have been traitors at work is also
evident , but that there was any movement in preparation which is arrested by this detection , is a mistake , and we explain the nature of the mistake in another place . The traitors , if such they are , do not properly belong to the patriotic party ; they are what we in England should call " outsiders . " Nevertheless , the fact remains , that more devoted patriots have been added to the thousands who now languish in the prisons of Italy .
While Rome is pursuing those who desire to restore independence and nationality to Italy , the Emperor of Austria is encouraging reports that his rule in the North of Italy is about to become one of lenity and of ordinary civil Government — after five years of siege ! The reason is , that he anticipates some hazardous consequences from the dearth which is beginning well in
to show itself in all parts of Italy , as as other countries ; and dreading lest the population of bis most productive province — - for tho Lombardo-Venetian kingdom , with one-eighth of the population , has returned one-fourth of the Imperial revenue— . should be stung to a universal revolt by the w ant of bread , he is taking steps to prevent abstractions of supplies , and to lull the people with the promise of his
benevolence . While the Church is contending with the efforts of civil liberty in Italy , the same struggle in proceedin g in Geneva , though , there , it is complicated with other questions . The old quarrel of the
has been formed to protect the rig Protestant Church , and it is to be regretted that sectional divisions amongst the Swiss and Jesuit intrigues should so far twist the relations of parties in that Repnblic , as for a time to avert partially the natural alliance between Protestantism and Constitutionalism on the one side , Absolutism and dogmatic tyranny on the other . Switzerland , however , by no means secure , has too keen an insight into her own dangers to revive the disputes which divided her before , and theiramost recent manifestations have been
suphts of the Sonderbund has never been thoroughly laid to rest it is that quarrel which in America is represented by the conflict between Federalism and Nullification . But it happens that the Swiss , who stand up for State rights—that is , for the independence of the Canton in Cantonaraffairsare allied with the Jesuits and the tools of Absolutism , while those who have for many years carried on an overbearing policy of central authority , are the Protestant side . A new society
pressed . From America we have scarcely any intelligence worth note . The rumours of war with Mexico we noticed , when the probability was first known to us . The despatch of Lord John , which angers the American journals , we discussed-weeks ago , and it is entirely an affair of the past . The most notable event is that decision of Judge
M'Lean , of the Supreme Court , on the fugitive slave M'Quirry—an able judicial exposition , in which the judge shows that slavery is not an affair of the Union , but is entirely dependent on the local law—the law of states independent and sovereign within their own jurisdiction , which the federal authorities are bound by the Constitution to respect . The dearth which we have noticed in Italy begins to be felt , also , in Belgium , Holland , and France , and , in all these countries , some steps have been taken to tamper with the export and import of corn ; here the export is prohibited ,
there the import is set free . In France the Emperor has fixed a magnum tor the price of bread , and doubled the duty on the export of wheat . In England export and import , price of bread and all , are perfectly free , and , the consequence is , the largest portion of the gram of the world is coming into our ports . Tins partly account * for the tightness in our money markets , and that , again , accounts for the full m the fund « , which has continued , now , for some time so that whereaw consols wero above par in May , they arc
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ncTHFWEEK- tags The Working Classes 872 An English Gaol •»•••••• 877 PORTFOLIO--NEWS OF THE WfctK * Tfae YeJlow Feyer at ; New Orlean 3 iii 872 A Decanter of Wine on every Table 877 Letters of a Vagabond . —XVI . 884 SSSifil ^ S ;^ 867 Th ^ r ^ O ^ wood ^ ' ^ SSa . SrCf ™ W ¦ THEARTSSS ^ -3 e = -::::: g £ a £ fc = Es JCV ^^ MST :.:: : S ZSZZ * =:::::::: ; ::::::::::::: S letters from Paris ... ••••¦ Boa " Continental Notes 868 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— OPEN COUNCIL— , Health of London during the Week ... 886 ^^ V ^^ Z ^ yestron - " Turkey Deserted by her Allies 875 Spanish Filibuster 880 Births , Marriages , and Deaths 866 the Social Experiments of America 870 Spain the Defaulter ., 876 LITERATURE— COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSTransatlantic Cunnvng . 871 The Txuth about the EomanDisclo- History of the Chinese Eebellion ... 882 City Intelligence , Markets , AdverwXSetm ^ L \\;;\ : \ ::::::::: i 72 AK ^ teiST ::::::::::. 876 umJLd Bm ^ oftha ^ -ttg ^ -BM - « - " ^ - j ^
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...... "The one Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctnesses . the , \ 4 ea of H ^ m ^ - ^ he noble endeajo to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by . setting aside g- ^^ fgPgf our spirituai Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development ; or out s ^ mouai . nature . " ^—JEEumboldt ' a Cosmos ? "
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 10, 1853, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2003/page/1/
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