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tonal dispute . In a letter to the administration of that canton the Federal Government says , that while it will continue to urge upon the Austrian Government the maintenance of the treaties respecting the exportation of corn and the raising of the blockade , it has reason to apprehend that Austria will refuse to accede without concessions on the part of the canton . While , therefore , on the question of the refugees the honour and dignity of the Confederation are in the keeping of the Federal Government , it recommends the cantonal administration to consider whether with regard to the expelled Capucins it may not be for ita interest to xnake directly or indirectly such offers of concessions to Austria as may lead to the renewal of negotiations , in which the Federal Government would lend its mediation . This unexpected retreat of the Federal authorities has caused great indignation in the canton of Ticino , and the cantonal administration has , it ; appears , returned a very sharp reply to the proposals of the Federal
Government . It is probable that the canton of Ticino , abandoned by the Federal Government , will have to yield to Austria , whose rigorous blockade of the frontier , rendering the exportation of grain for the subsistence of the canton im-? Possible , in spite of the formal treaties of 1818 , will iterally starve the Ticinese into submission . Austria ia supported in these measures by Wurtemberg and Baden , and Switzerland can expect no supplies from France under present circumstances . Some stir has been made by a Genevese society , organized to propagate Protestantism on the Continent . They have published the following as an extract from the regulations of the society : — " Art . 1 . The Genevese Society for the Furtherance of the Interests of the Protestant Church is composed of such as have at heart the defence and the propagation of the Protestant faith . Each member pays
a contribution , the amount of which is voluntary . Art . 2 . The society proposes ( a . ) To stimulate religious life in the Protestant church . ( 6 . ) To carry the principles of Protestant faith among those who do not profess them . ( c . ) To pi'otect the religious interests of new Protestants . Art . 3 . The measures employed are publications , oral teaching , and every other means calculated to diffuse the teaching of Holy Writ , and to strengthen adhesion to its divine doctrines . " The consecration of the new English Protestant church at Geneva took place on the 30 th ulfc ., the Bishop of Winchester officiating , the Bishop of London having deputed him to go over in his place . His lordship preached on the occasion , and after referring to the circumstances of the day , alluded to the asylum afforded to the English Protestant exiles in the time of Queen Mary , and showed that the same kind feeling had prevailed between the ewo churches from that . timo to the present .
Generals Changarnior and Bedeau arrived at Lucerne on the 31 st of August . The Queen of Holland was expected there .
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The Jtcvue de Geneve ( August 17 ) has a leading article reviewing with great clearness the antecedents and present position of the Federal Assembly . We give the opening portion : — " Truly the last session of the Swiss Federal Assembly may bo criticised like everything appertaining to man , in whom , alas ! good and evil are alvvaya united ; but nevertheless in the actual political state of Europe , it is very interesting to see a republican assembly calmly deliberating , without allowing itself to be disturbed b y the rumour of exterior reaction , and above all occupying itself in consolidating its new institutions by preserving them from the invasion of sophisms and reactionary influences . In this latter point of view tho two councils of tho Federal Assembly prosent one of the most instructive spectacles .
" Onco again we have seen in the world the federal form brought to a state of perfection , which has already boon adopted l > y the United States of Northern America , and which they have experimentalized with such succeas during a period of more than sixty years , showing its excollenco in a smaller sphere , but whoro tho obstacles wero perhaps greater . It is true that in Switzerland wo wore alroiuly fn-o parcd , iis wore also tho United States , for the fccloriil ife , but vvo were less accustomed than America to mako uso of it us ft means to enforce respect for tho individual rights of oitizons . Wo hail carriod tho federative form to a great length in tho pihnpo of an allianco of tho different sovereign staton , confederating togothor ho aa to iimuro
thoir territory and their reciprocal inclopondonco in tho minds of foreigners , but in tho primitive form winch had also boon that of protecting the rights of citizens against tho encroachments of their own governments , our federative institutions administered imperfectly . It was in vnin that wo stipulated in the Treaty of 181 fi for certain guarantees of equality of rights and against all political power exorcised by certain cla . ssos , and against all inheritance . In fact these guaranteert wero found to bo of no valuo , tho reactionary Oonntitutionn of 1814 * and 181 H had Banctionod numerous inequalities , reestablished Hub . joctnd counties and districts , and confio . irntod an hereditary princoly power in one- of Iho coiifodorativo cantons . 1815 had shown ltmilf in
' Tho Treaty of quito poworluus its efforts to make nil those constitutions outer into Mm ( ranornl principle . which had boon pointed out as tho gonoral guide , from which , not a single one ought to havo Htrayod . ' Thanks to that failure , what might have boon legally rofonnod , had no longer a chance of entering again into tho coinmon right , but by cantonal involutions , which woro < Joubtl
existed , it had given place to that of a protracted resentment for all that the revolution had caused the privileged classes to lose . From that time all then * efforts were bent solely on reconquering all they could ; and , but too often , what remained of the new forms , introduced by the unitary regimen and mediatorial act , only served to render them more determined to return to the past . The cantonal government , which prevailed from 1814 to 1830 , was neither a return towards the past , in a really good and ancient Swiss spirit , nor a step towards the advancement of new Switzerland to the position which modern civilization had given her in central Europe . It was no other than a painful trial to re-establish old abuses , without offering , in compensationthe old Swiss spirit . To the efforts of
oli-, garchical reaction and citizen aristocracy , the people who felt hurt opposed a powerful resistance . In this struggle the individual rights of citizens were often forgotten . The treaty proved quite unable to make these respected , and revolutions very soon broke out in every part of the cantons .-A remarkable phenomenon was then to be seen . The treaty , which did not know what to do , in _ order to force the reaction to respect the general prescriptions of equality of the rights of citizens , on which the Swiss Alliance ought to have been founded , was also unable to do anything to support the reactionary governments which had tried to establish themselves . In reality the revolutions were far nearer the federal legality than the governments which they overthrew . ¦ . ¦ , •¦ . -, "All these revolutions were anxious to re-establish the
equality of rights , to efface the distinctions of territory , and the outrageous conditions of the quit-rent , which , in fact , had re-established subjected counties and privileged classes . Besides political rights these revolutions gave the people guarantees , without which the exercise of liberty is but an empty word ; they tried to establish the separation of executive , ' legislative , and judiciary power ; they accorded the liberty of the press , religious liberty , the right of assembling and associating together ; they endeavoured to render individual liberty a thing not quite devoid of sense ;
in a word , they granted the Swiss people that which the Treaty had promised , and what the reactionary cantonal governments had tri * i to confiscate . The revolutions entered into the spirit and the letter of the Treaty , and gave to the federal alliance its primitive meaning , which had been to guard the rights of citizens against all oppression . It was in this strain that the first alliances , composed of the Waldstetten men , ingenuously expressed themselves . Notonly to defend their independence from the exterior did they found a confederation , but also to insure their liberty , was the alliance contracted between the citizens and not between the states . "
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The Moniteur contradicts the assertion , that the French Government is disposed to make purchases of corn . " Far from opposing the regular course of commerce , " says that journal , " the Government interferes only to assist it by general and equitable measures which secure its liberty , and the security of its operations , and which promote the importation of grain and its distribution throughout the country . " An imperial decree has been published , granting to the railway companies which shall lower their tariffs for the transport , of grain , breadstuff ' s , and potatoes , from this date to the 31 st of December next , power to raise them , after that date , within the limits of the ¦ maximum authorised by their books of charges , without waiting for the delays stipulated therein . Another decree provides that all French or foreign vessels , loaded entirely with grain , breadstuff ' s , rice , potatoes , or dried vegetables , shall pass on all the rivers and canals freo from all navigation dues from this date up to the 31 st of Deo . next .
The Council General of tho Horault , over which M . Michel Chevalier presides , has unanimously passed two resolutions—one expressing a desiro to seo a general reform of tho customs tariffs effected , and tho second relating to the system of the sliding scale as applicable to tho imports and exports of corn . In Prussia , a favourable report on tho harvest has been made by tho Berlin College of Political Economy . It is said that Prussia will propose in tho Zollverein conference *! to admit corn duty free ; but whether thia ia to bo a permanent or only a temporary occupation is not at present clear .
Tho Gonfalonioro of Forli has been threatened by tho populaco on account of the high price of broad . Ho has taken flight into Tuscany . The oilicial Gazette of Venice contradicts certain rumours which havo gono abroad respecting tho harvest , nnd announces tho arrival at Venice of eo largo a quantity of corn that tho authorities aro at a loss whoro to stow it . On Wednesday thoro was n fall of nearly ono franc in tho corn markot of BruHsolw . In Greece tho Ministry have forbiddon tho exportation of corn , and havo suppressed tho , till now , existing ttyntom of tho sliding scale for tho importation of grain , oubutituting u fixed tux .
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Tho cholera has increased in Berlin . Since tho beginning of August there havo boen I'KJ cases , 03 of which haro ondnd fatally . Tho personal precaution used by tho men «> f tho iivo brigade and policemen desorvos nnto ; they wear a warm woollon waistband , and aro provided with cholera dropHw At IIamhurg tho cholera is snid to havo an epidemic form . By laics accounts from Copenhagen wo find for that city attacks 7 U 87 , and deaths 3010 , out of ft population of libout ' 200 , 000 . At tho nnruo rate of mortality tho deaths in'London would amount to 40 , 000 . Cholorn in incroa . sinjf rapidly at Dantzic : 41 canon woro reported from tho 25 th to tho 20 th . Tho doatha nlroady noted amount to 138 . Tho cnisoH alwo inc-roano at thin place ; 151 woro reported yesterday . It in Htiid that tho cholera ih making groat progress in HuHfiia , oftpocially in tho southern provinces , whoro largo bodies of troojm im > ntationod . Tho disoano bun inndo it » appearance on various points of tho frontier of Eautorn ( iullicia . In . Jutland tho cholera million progrows , and tho ucoouutfi from ftwodon aro gloomy .
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CRITICAL WORDS FROM THE WBS'l , ON TllK SOCIAL MXPMBIMMNTS OK AMKHICA- j Tiutou Fallfl , MoiunouU . County , N . - July , 1 H 5 J . [ i ( . My mar " Ion , ' —I spent some five wont " a a ¦ ' North American Plialiinstery , and ontoreu \ sullioien ^ ^ its infliwtrioH ami Hocinl arrangements to ncq «» ^ tiinntti knbwlortgo of its workingH . Looked a < ^ ^ IWiorint point of view it i * a complete failure . ^^ attempted organization of labour there w notyo j ? ^^ HtrenuouH and persevering attemp t of ton ye " ^ j ,,- I tion , tho Ih-Ht gliinpHo of anything like ««» ^ t , i I diwtry . " I riovor saw » my sot of people go lrt . fto ( i , I work " in n inoro uninterested , or i » " J » "r 0 jJ ^ mM I manner , than tho inomborH of tho Nortl » ) n _ I rimlunx . with , of course , Homo iew oxcei » tioitf * I
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AMERICAN ART AND SCIENCE . In the wide domain of science and in the national pursuit of art , the Americans still push on . The coast survey carried out by the United States officers k making steady and rapid progress . This survey hag , now been in operation for several years , mostly umjgj . the superintendence , of Professor Bache , a very accoiaplished scientific man . It is the most scientific ' work the American Government has ever undertaken . Taleat and industry have been lavishly bestowed on it . Sava ^ in Europe have made many and minute inquiries on the subject . The draughts are artisticall y beautiful aud astronomical
and the nautical calculations have been traced with interest and commendation . Lord Ross , Mr . Ward , and Dr . Waters have bestowed unmeasured praise on the plan and the execution . BUfc more solid things have grown out of it . It has givea security to the commerce of the world , clustering oie the eastern coast of America . A large corps of naval officers and citizen volunteers have been thoroughl jr trained in the practical duties of their profession . Professor Bache has now an enviable reputation from his sagacious management , his learned papers , and the practical advantages all navigators on the Americam coast have experienced .
The glass manufacture and the wine-growing of America , as shown in their Crystal Palace , are well described by the Morning Chronicle correspondent : — "In the United States department , there is am enormous mirror , the glass of which is clear , thick—in fact , a lake of crystal—containing a hundred square feet . I may here remark that America excels in the > manufacture of glass . Immense quantities are made ,
especially in the New Jersey Woods , which supply ani abundance of charcoal . A short time since , I passed : through a cleared forest in New Jersey for nearly nine miles , all the wood of which had been cut down to be converted into charcoal for the glass manufacturers . Some of the glass displayed is superior , but not equal ! to plate glass ; yet I cannot help thinking that erelong this country will rival France and Venice" in thefiner article . And "hero this is a source of
extravagance ; for in the best houses of New York and Philadelphia , the ends and sometimes the sides of drawing-rooms and parlours are literally sheets of looking-glass , making morning visitors abashed by the frequent reflection of their own beloved image , east , west , north , and south . Still I complain not of the luxury ; for though i ' t may engender an anti-republicani pride on the one band , yet it encourages manufacture * and feeds the family of the industrious artisan on thff other . Still there is a disadvantage in half-acre mirrors , in silken couches and Turkey carpets , ia gilded wall-papers and gold cornices . They are squiothues too grand .
"There is no reaaon in the world why this country uhould not become aa celebrated for wines as France and Italy . Nowhere does the grape ripen with moro delicious flavour and richness , and whether on tho Moselle , the Garonno , the Rhine , the Po , or the Adige , we arc sure that , with cultivation , their vinous products may bo fully rivalled in Americn . Mr . L ongworth , of Cincinnati , has produced superb champagne ; . under the name of 'Sparkling Cntawbaj' and at a « recent « Wistar party' wo heard a late French Consul to the United States pronounce a specimen equal to-It
French champagne , and only wanting ago . was Bparkling , clear , rich , bright , and was really win e—j without adulteration . Then wo tasted n sherry tram Georgia , which was superior , and wines from Bone * county , Pennsylvania , and Now Jersey , fully equalling a capital Hock or Rhine wine when new . It is " »" _ possiblo that the grapo can grow inoro luxuriantly anywhere than in America , and there can bo no doubt ^ the success of this country at no very distant sige » wino region . But this is a digression . Many w havo been exhibited at tho Crystal Palace , but a * w » excollonco depends upon tiisto and flavour ra ther upon appearance , it is impossible to say »» y about them . "
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870 TH ^ LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 10, 1853, page 870, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2003/page/6/
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