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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Untitled Article
" 2 tid . The omissions and additions of words , which are made here with a striking affectation , have evidently the object of enfeebling the treaty of Kainardji , whilst assuming the appearance of confirming it . The wording of the Note first adopted at Vienna was , Faithful to the letter and to the spirit of the stipulations of the treaties of Kainardji and Adrianople , relative to the protection of the Christian worship , the " Sultan regards it as due . to his honour to preserve from all attack the immunities and privileges accorded to the orthodox Church . ' The reading which would turn aside the spirit of the treaty , that is to say , from the general principle laid down " in the 8 th article relative to the maintenance of immunities , applies to the view which we had expressed , and to which we still
hold ; for , m our opinion , the promise to protect a worship and its churches comprises within it the maintenance of the immunities which they possess . The two things are inseparable . This reading , first adopted at Vienna , was afterwards subjected at London and at Paris to a modification ; and if at that time we did not raise any objection , as we had a right to do , it was not that we made any illusion of the sense of the change . We perfectly comprehended the difference made between two points , which in respect to us are inseparably united . But the distinction was indicated in a manner so delicate that , in the spirit of conciliation , and in the desire to arrive as soon as possible at a solution , we admitted the reading which from that moment we have considered as invariable .
" These motives of condescension are no more applicable to the new changes which have been made in the same passage at Constantinople . The line of demarcation between the two objects is too strictly traced to enable us to admit those changes without disowning all that we have said and written . The mention of the treaty of Kainardji becomes superfluous , and its confirmation without object , from the moment in which it is ceased to apply the general principle to the maintenance of the religious immunities of the Christian worship . It is with this
end that these two Avords have been suppressed— ' the lptter and the s pirit . ' They bring forward without any necessity _ the fact , that the protection of the Christian worship is exercised by the Porte , as if we raised the pretension to exercise ourselves that protection in the States of the Sultan ; and as they omit , at the same time , to remember that , according to the letter of the treaty , this protection is a promise made by the- Sultan—an obligation accepted by him—it would appear that they desired to question the right which we have to see to the punctual fulfilment of that promise . ^
" 3 rd . The modification introduced into this passage of the Austrian Note is especially inadmissible . The Ottoman Government would bind itself only to allow the orthodox worship to participate in the advantages which it would accord to other religious communities , subjects of the Porte . But from the moment in which these communities , Catholics or others , should not . be constituted of native persons , but of foreign priests and laics ( and this is the case in almost all the convents , hospitals , seminaries , and bishoprics of the Latin rite in Turkey ) , from the moment , wo say , in which it should please * the Porto to accord to these establishments new advantages and privileges , the orthodox communities would not , according to the words sought to be introduced into the Note , havo the right to demand the same favours for themselves , nor Russia to engage herself for them .
" The ill-disposed intention of the Ministers of the Porte will become still more evident if we indicate the example of a possible case . Let us suppose the probable case ot tiie Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem , the last appointed , receiving from the Porte privileges which the Greek Patriarch has not . Every demand on the part of the last would be repelled , because ho is the subject of tho Porte . The same objection might bo taken by tho Ottoman Ministry in that which concerns tho Catholic establishments in Palestine , as soon as a new advantage , not mentioned in tho last firman , should bo accorded to thorn , to tho detriment of the native communities . "
Wo an id last week that the scimitar would untio the knot of tho Eastern Question . All tho latest accounts from Constantinople represent tho daily and hourly increasing exasperation of the Turks at tho long delays and doubtful words of tho " Allies , " and tho burning desire for instant war . Hero is tho translation of a placard that was wifloly Bl » -oi \ d through Constantinople on tho 2 !) th and . 'JOth of August : . ' ' <) very powerful Padishah ! all your subjects nro ready to Kiicriljco their lives , their property , and their children in your imperial service ; but you aro also bound to unnhwih
( , tho mvord of Mahomet that you hnvo girded , liko . your unc-iislom , in the mausoleum of Ebi-Eyoub-Eussury (¦' ' . yoiib , a disciple of Mahomet , killed under tho walla of Constantinople in (>( J 8-48 of Egyre ) . Tho hesitation of your ministers in this respect has shown itself for a con-Nidomhlo period from thoir occupying themselves solely "W'lli thoir personal interests . Thin Htuto of things may { li ' om which tlio Lord preserve us !) throw uh into a groat hunger . Therefore , your victorious army , and tho inng-> iiUeM your slaves , absolutely demand war for tho defence <> i your incontestable rights , O I ' mlislmh !" Another lnnv | , o Irannlatod I . Iiuh : —
'' "' . y people are . firmed , in order to defend their rightu With weapons in their lunuls ; if them art worthy of thy . <''•< ifnl . lK . ru urul of the throne , then draw the HWord , and Unul ltM <>» to tho war ; if not , ( hen descend from tho throne '"'• I rnuKe room for a worthier . " A deputation from the UloimiH had waited on the Sultan , and [ rivon him the alternative of declaring Avar or abjlieulnijjr | , j a | , i , ron (! . requiring bin aiiHvVer at the lj \ mst of ¦ 1 { ' ii rain . I'liieards continued to be ponied on Mm v / uIIh of tho "l y mid oCtlio rnoHquen , culling upon the Divan to declare Wa a ^ niiJHt Uussia ; and addresses to tho Sullan and bin » "iiH ( orH worn being signed publicly by tljo inhabitants , '" ¦" . y »» g the KulJau to lead tliem against the enemy wiUi-*| lltl wait . ing longer for the support of . England or ihYanco wx »<> , they wid , " had eluarly proved that Turkoy could
not depend on them . " Those addresses and placards had produced much effect on the lower classes , and it was doubtful afc what point the popular effervescence would stop . Several Turkish caricatures have appeared of late in Constantinople bearing hard upon England . In one of these the Emperor of Russia is represented as feloniously breaking into Buckingham Palace ; Prince Albert rushes to defend his house and family , but Lord Aberdeen holds him back , declaring the outrage not to be a casiis belli . The English names for the vessels of war , &c , are , by a slight change , made to express the Turkish for anything but what is respectful . Of course these caricatures are not allowed to be publicly exposed . The following is a substantial transcript of the Manifesto of the Porte , which appeared in the official journal of Constantinople on the 4 th inst ., but the publication of which was stopped after a few copies had been struck off : —
" After the occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia by the Russians , the Sublime Porte protested before the Four Powers , in conformity with its ancient custom . Some days before the departure of Prince Menschikoff from Constantinople , the Sublime Porte framed a Note , which , in consequence of its not having been accepted by the Russian Ambassador , remained unexecuted . One of the terms of that Note was the evacuation of the Principalities , after which an Ambassador was to repair to St . Petersburg . The Four Powers interfered , with the view of bringing the two parties in dispute to an amicable arrangement , and
with that object they framed a Note , which was immediately communicated to them . That Note was accepted by Russia in the same form in which it was drawn up , and we were informed of this by the telegraph from Vienna as far as Belgrade , and thence by an extraordinary courier , By that act the Four Great . Powers gave proofs of their goodwill and their friendship for the maintenance of our integrity . The Vienna Note , when examined with attention , showed some points which could not and which cannot be admitted either by his Majesty the Sultan , who desires' to maintain the right of his ancestors in thi 3 grave question , or by his Ministers , who are bound by it .
" For some months past the Government of his Majesty has made great preparations with the object of maintaining its solidity , and such being the case , the Note to which we have referred cannot be accepted ; and to resolve the pending question , it cannot accept other than the Note modified by the Sublime Porte , and under the official guarantee of the Four Powers . It is to that point the solution tends , and of this all its Ambassadors have been informed . "On the same question we have received a letter from his Majesty the Emperor of Austria , to which we have replied after the same manner in which we novv'express ourselves . " Such is the actual state of fcho question , and as to the turn which it may take hereafter , intelligence of a more recent date will inform us .
Awaiting the results which may take place , the Sublime Porte will maintain the footing , with respect to its armaments , which it occupies at this moment—and such is the decision of all . " Tho Constantinople Correspondent of the Chronicle gives a lively account of the appearance of the Bosphorus and of the character of the Turks aa sailors : — " Tho Bosphorus never was so full of shipping as at this moment . Hundreds of vessels are lying there waiting for a south wind to sail up to tho Black Sea , and load corn at Odessa . Tho appearance of the Bosphorus is peculiarly interesting at this time , owing to the warliko preparations sot on foot by tho Government . At the entrance of tho Golden Horn there lio anchored ships of every
nation , British and I ' rench war steamers and irigates , an American brig , a . Russian steamer , a Dutch steamer—tho moving watch-towers of tho far North . As you proceed up tho brilliant stream , every turn brings you to now scenes of active interest . From leaving Constantinople , up to Jenikoi , Turkish steam-frigates and corvettes clot tho wnfcors . On turning tho curve near Therapia , tho green tonts of tho Egyptian army on the heights near tho Giant ' s ? Mountain rise to view , whilst the bay of Buyulcdoro discloses tho Ottoman fleet , which stretches across tho wholo length of tho inhabited portion of the European coast up to the entrance of tho . Black Sea . These monstrous ships give tho scono a warliko aspect , well in keeping with the numerous forts , bristling with artillery , that
lino both tho Asiatic and European coast a (; that point ; mid tho charming scenery combines to render tho general effect as admirable as it . is interesting . The MalnnowlA , flag-Hliip of tho admiral , carries 12 (> guns , and is in overy respect , uh n . ro also tho rest , of ( ho fleet , superiorly equipped . The Turkish artillerymen aro excellent . A British naval olliccr expressed his astonishment to me at their precision in firing . As regards the crows , all that can be said is , Unit they aro orderly and obedient , mid competent , to fulfil the duties that may fall to them , namely , tho defence of the entraneo to the Bospliorus ; bill , they aro not ; sailors , in the . ICnglisli sense of the term ; and how can they be expected to be ho P No Turkish whip cruises forth to the Atlantic . 11 , is only by crossing ( . lie noaH , or by contending with the element they live on
Mini ; sailors aro" made . I lie I urkn are very , good hoii-hoIdiei's ; it cannot , however , be disguised that sailom they are -not . The ( Micks are ( . lie seamen of the Levant . None are , however , to be found mi board Turkish men-ofwar , as the Porto cannot trust them . Considering the annihilation of the Turkish fleet at Navarino , and thosubsequent prostration of Ottoman seamanship , | , hi » immense fleet , thai , has boon equipped and ably organized by Turkey is matter of aHtonislnnent . Since the rupture with Russia wonders havo boon done—tin immonso army has been raised and equipped , and is at this moment on the bankn of the Danube , panling for the contest . " Another correspondent , write * from the camp itself : — " Nchumla in a vast entrenched eamp that can be dei ' ondod I'J iiG , 000 man , and in capable of containing 100 , 000 .
It has also been rebuilt on a much better plan , and is totally different-. from what it was in 1828 . My time is much taken up ; but you shall hear from me again . The most perfect discipline reigns in the whole army , not to speak of the general wish for war . Tho sanitary state of the army is most satisfactory . Out of 15 , 000 men ,, incredible to say , there arc but 300 sick . Nevertheless , the troops work most assiduously at the fortifications , and at their military duties . This proportion is the fifth of what is generally calculated . The Turkish soldier is much better fed than is generally the case in Europe . The irregular appearance of these troops strikes a European eye displeasingly ; but it is part of a system . On the whole , this camp gives one an idea of the camp at Boulogne in .
1803-4 . " ..... . . u The commander of the fortress of Varna has received orders to prepare for the reception of 12 , 000 men . The fortifications are almost completed , under the direction of French and Prussian officers . The soldiers work four hours a-day ; and the inhabitants , each one day in ton . There has been a truly Russian attempt to get . ? id of Omer Pacha : — " The following fact has been communicated to us , " says the Constittitionnel , " and we find it confirmed by letters both from . Constantinople and Schumla . A European physician , who arrived some months back at Constantinople , obtained , by dint of solicitation , the direction of the military hospital of Schumla . It appears that Omer
Pacha soon perceived that this person kept up mysterious relations with Russian spies , and , in consequence , he kept on his guard . Soon after , being warned that there was an intention to poison him , he feigned to be indisposed , and sent for the medical man in question to attend him . This person , after examining the patient , went out to prepare a calming potion , which , on his return , he presented to Oraer Pacha to drink . The general-in-chief of the Turkish army requested the physician to taste it first himself ; and as the other refused to do so , he forced him to drink the whole of it in his presence . Seeing that the physician then wanted to hurry out , he forced him to remain in the tent , in order that he might judge of the effect of the potion . At the end of some hours the physician died from poison . "
Ihe ' Journal de Constantinople gives the following account of a review of the Egyptian troops by the Sultan , on the 20 th ult . : — "On Tuesday last his Imperial Majesty the Sultan went to the camp of the troops from Egypt , at Selir-Bournou , to pass them in review . On the arrival of his Majesty afc the port of Unkiar Skelessi , all the vessels of the" fleet were decked out , and their crews on the yards joined the troops who were drawn up in line of battle from the landing 1 - place to the bottom of the valley , in greeting the Sultan with repeated cries of AllaJrumme onsour Snultanena ( O our God , aid our Sultan !) All the bands of the regiments
and the fleet then performed warlike marches , whilst the cannon of the fleet and of the fortresses of the Bosphorus sent forth their thunders . His Majesty , who wore a military uniform , the grand decoration in brilliants of the Medjidie , and a magnificent sword enriched with precious stones , was attended by his ordinary suite . He was received on landing by MehemitAli Pacha , Grand Seraskier ; Ahmed Fethi Pacha , Grand Master of the Artillery ; Mabmoud Pacha , Grand Admiral ; and Mehemet Ruschdi Pacha , General-in-Chief of the Imperial Guard . The Sultan mounted a magnificent Arabian horse , and passed tho review of tho troops , who on his passage cntinued tho same acclamations . Arrived at the Cliemsi 6 , a tent in tho
form of a beautiful parasol , on the height of Sehr-Bournou , tbo Sultan commanded the attendance of his ministers , and immediately after the superior officers of the troops , which ho had passed in review , headed by General Sehm Pacha , were admitted to the honour of depositing at tho feet of hia Imperial Majesty tho homage of their devotcdneas . Tho Sultan delivered a speech , m which he manifested his satisfaction at . the fine appearance of tho troops , and praised tho activity and zeal of Abbas Pacha . After tho speech of the Sultan tho troops filed off beforo tho imperial tent , and went towards tho camp . Ah n testimony of liis satisfaction the Sultan deigned to order all tho contingent , from Egypt an extra month's pay . The departure of liis Imperial Majesty was , like his arrival , saluted with flourishes of trumpets , acclamations , and Iho firing of artillery . "
Izzo ! Pacha , a veteran , who is remembered for Ins defence of Varna , in the last war wilh liussia , has been appointed to ( lie Governorship of Belgrade : a significant post for a significant man . Tho Russians are making every preparation to pasn tho winter in the Principalities . General Gortuelmkoff had gone to Bucharest , to inspect , ( he corps under the command of General Ludon . In Bulgaria , the cold has already driven the Turks from their tents ; and in Ihe I ' rincipahtioH the Russians will hooh bo compelled to occupy barracks .
It , is affirmed that the Porte has positively ordered the two Hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia to retire from the Principalities . Several bayards have been arrested for keeping up a correspondence with Omer Pacha , informing him of the movements of ( he ItiiNsian army . The sorvkvH of the Russian post at Conslantinoplo i > suHnended , and tlio .. pos ! master ban gone to Odessa . The Btvy oi" Tunis has informed the Porto that bis con-Ihitfont is ' ready to take ( he field . Kicnmei-M are about to bo mrnt for ( hose troops to reinforce the garrison of Constantinople . The Servian Government has declared that it cannot fi fjht against , the Kmporor of Russia- its co-religionist ; but , it linn promised < o abstain , at all events , from uny hostilities against ( Ik ; Sultan .
The latest accounts from ( VniHtsnlinoplo mention , that M . Argyro | toulos , the interpreter of the ci-tteiutnt Russian KinlmHsy , has been sedulously visiting the leading inonibora of ' the Turkish GovoiT . rneitf ., and endeavouring to convince theiri ( lint , all the difficulty proeoodH from tho meddling of tho Woutom Poworo , and that it wnu for tho
Untitled Article
September 24 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . M 7
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 24, 1853, page 917, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2005/page/5/
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