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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TO NEW YORK IN SIX DAYS . To skim across the Atlantic in six daya is the destined work of a new steam-ship being built at New York . It has these requirements . 1 . 4- perfect security against fire or water . 2 Less risk-to life , and greater comfort to passengers . The boilers will be placed within walls of iron , wjth iron beams over the-same . . AirTch » mber , of sufficient capacity , will ext end the whole length of the ship . The sudden shocks of head and beam seas , to which all ships of the present construction are liable , are obviated by these improvements , while the gentle undulating motion , always maintained , will tend to prevent sea sickness , and at the same time keep the The full of the
decks dry , except from spray . power engine will be reserved for combatting heavy gales , ships of the present construction are compelled to slacken their steam as the gale increases in severity . These new improvements enable more steam to be applied the harder the gale blows . The power of the engine , jp proportion to the size and draft of water , will be very great , about five times as great , we Relieve , as that of the steamers of the Cunard line . In an ordinary vessel such power cannot be applied , as it would tear the hull to pieces . The sharp bows , perfect curves , light draft , and enormous engine-power will enable the vessel to make a speed of twenty miles an hour . She is expected to be ready on the 1 st of December .
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THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PRIESTS . ( From the Italia e Popolo . ) Four years have now elapsed since the Infallible Pontiff , the angelic and merciful Pius 9 th , reascended , through a road streaming with Christian blood , the Holy Chair of St . Peter . Austria had cleared his way from Ferrara to Ancona ; France , from Civita Vecchia to Rome . Spaniards and Neapolitans had carried violence , rapine , and desolation into the countries of Velletri , Terni , and Kami ; the conquerors overran the sacred patrinrony—to purify it ; on ' . the other side , thosewho had outlived the people ' s battles were scattered ,
pursued , and , if unable to escape , fell into the hands of the Pontifical jailors , or of the foreign executioners . The prisons . were- full , the sentences immeasurably-severe , executions frequent . The Holy City was illuminated ; it was desired to insftrgurate with solemnity the second era of the Pontificate . Frenchmen and Croats werecharged , under martial law , to become its guardians , its executive powers . to watch , together with the carabineers of the Pope , over the safety of the State , to judge and to punish . Silence reigned through the Roman provinces , broken only by the Te Deum of the priests , by the
heavy step of the foreign battalions , and by the half-stifled groans of the prisoners and the dying . This silence was called tranquillity : the Catholic world applauded the -return of the Servant of Servants . France promised , in case of necessity , to send more troops by sea ; Austria , through Lombardy and the Tyrol ; Naples , by Rieti . Although the priestJy government has but 3000 of its own troops , there is scarcely another power that could count on so many elements of material defence ; without speaking of its spiritual influence , to the exercise of which so many means ,
so wide a field of action , are given . In the centre of the Catholic religion ( a fact never sufficiently noted ) , the dominion of faith is all but null ; all is force , and brutal force . The priest rules not by the aid of conviction , but by that of the native and foreign police : and the secular arm never fails him . This state of things has now endured for four years ; the foreign troops have not diminished in number ; the severity of punishments is redoubled ; Forli , Sinigaglia , Ancona , Bologna , have been purified , by powder and ball , by the rope , and by sentences of perpetual imprisonment .
This system of terror has availed nothing ; the provinces are overrun by marauders , the political prisons are insufficient ; gibbets are pemmnently erected , untold torments are inflicted on the prisoners ; though assisted by the soldiers of two nations , transformed into gendarmes , the Papal police is insufficient for its mission : rovolutionaiy agents traverse the Roman provinces in all directions , under tho ' guardianship of an cntiro population . The priests , blinded with rago at being unable to seize these daring spiritH , ilog , and
imprison , and torture , at hazard , whomsoever they suspect ; and such atrocities nro related regarding the unfortunate men who fall within their gniHp , as fills every human breast Avil , h horror . A correspondent of tho I ' nrlamcnto writes thai , in liologna , » woman with child was scourged on her arms and under the hoIob of her feet ; men of feeble constitution are flogged to mortification , tormented , in abort , In a way to make one shudder , and such as a priest , supported by an Austrian , alono could not invent . Thus we hoc , that four years of tho restored Papal Government have promoted neither good fooling nor tranquillity ! resistance , hatred ,
conspiracy , and the spirit of vengeance exist in August 1853 as they existed in August 1849 . The long array of victims that have passed over these wretched countries , some put to death , some buried alive in-the . prisons , has not subdued the indomitable race of spirits that persist in their magnanimous protest and holy purpose to free themselves , whenever it may be , from the iniquitous Government .
The clergy say , "It is the fruits of anarchy . We must extirpate it from the roots . " Puerile argument . ' they said the same thing when first they returned , on the morrow of their bloody victory ; yet four years of their domination have been unavailing , not only to eradicate the revolution , but to prevent its being the hope of all . Puerile ai'gument ! Such is the reasoning of all tyrants who will not confess that they are hated , universally hated . What then ? Can it
be that four , or six , or ten months of anarchy , as you call it , should have caused such extensive mischief , such profound evils , in a population that you , and you alone had governed , since 1815 , with the system so well known as your own ? Have , then , . the reign of Pius 9 th , of Leo 12 th , of Gregory 16 th , so many years of absolute and overbearing power , amid the long triumph of European re-action , left no faithful'followers ' , no deep traces ! whilst the hundred days of the people have called up a faith that created martyrs , and blesses martyrdom ? .. ¦' ¦¦
In all this where is the truth ? where its efficacy ? With you are deposited -the' " eternal truths /' with you the arms of the Catholic world , and , if you so please , of the schismatic world alsoj you reign despotically , and are unable to inspire faith in the multitude around you . A few months of free popular government suffice to detach , a wholopopulation from you , which , even now , when compressed by force , persist in remaining estranged from your pulpits and your throne . Five months of anarchy destroy this great work of agejs , in the minds of upwards of two millions of your
subjects . The revolutionists possess nothing in this world , save an Idea , and a hope that It will triumph . Pursued like wild beasts , punished like assassins , they daily meet death in exile , or in prison , or on the scaffold ; by foreign governments they are either consigned to the executioner , or treated with scorn , or forgotten . And yet the revolutionarists , all , in short , who seek , by one ' way or another , to free their common country , to see its people happy , glorious , and powerful , although themselves so poor in material , means , and substance , awaken tho deepest sympathies , and are everywhere followed by blessings , proselytes , and martyrs .
Which , then , is the Pagan world ? Which , then , is the world of tho apostles ? The answer were easy . It were easy to show that the Pagan world is in the government of tho priests , the world of liberty and love with the revolution : but , on this subject , tho multitudes in Italy need no long comment . The multitudes in Italy , thanks to God and the Popo , are convinced . The conclusion at which we arrive , after examining tho present
condition of the most oppressed of all populations , is that we , in Italy , liavo within us elements so numerous and unsubdued , as to suffice for the powerful vindication of our rights ; that , to theso elements , a direction , at once bold , vigorous , and contemporaneous , alono is wanted ; that this direction can como only from men who beliove in . the people , and light for tho people ; and that revolution thus organized , must , after sacrifices sustained in a common interest , finally succeed .
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TIIK LAWSON OJJSEHVATOltY . DniUNii tho week the committee huvo made every exertion to rai . io llio Mini not : e . s . sury lor tho completion of tho observatory to bo endowed in ill" first instance by J \| r . JLuwhon ' n magnificent , tlonntvon . To- « liiy is llio lust day for receiving isuh . soriutious . JViiuo Albort 1 ms forwarded onp hundred guineas n . s his donation . t
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\ [ THE BIRMINGHAM GAOL CRUELTIES . On Tuesday night a meeting was held in the townhall , to protest against the justices appointing another governor and surgeon to this gaol . Such a hall has not been seen for years . From seven until eleven o ' clock every inch of space was occupied , and a crowd surrounded the building . Mr . George Edmonds , the clerk of the peace , presided . Mr . Alderman Laroden , several town councillors , and the leading clergy of the Establishment were present . Great excitement prevailed , and some degree of exasperation was caused by reason of the
refusal of the mayor to grant the use of the hall , which was subsequently obtained by other raeano . Among the resolutions passed unanimously was one to the effect that the meeting viewed with-feelings of indignation the horrible system of cruelty and oppression which has been carried on at the gaol , with the implied sanction of the visiting justices , and the meeting expressed its strong disapprobation of suchf inhuman treatment , and also expressed a hope that the people of England would acquit the
people of Birmingham of any participation in these barbarities . In a subsequent resolution , moved by Mr . Councillor Allday , the visiting justices were declared to have entirely forfeited the confidence of the people of Birmingham , and the meeting solemnly protested against these justices participating in the appointment of another governor and other officers of the prison . A gentleman , partner of one of the justices , ~ attempted to move a counter resolution . He made some remarks amidst a
torrent of disapprobation , and ~ finally gave way with the simple expression of his dissent , he being the only person who did dissent in the vast assembly . The Rev . G . S . Bull moved a vote of thanks to Lord Palmerston , which was carried by acclamation , as was also the _ following resolution : — " That this meeting is of opinion that the appointment of a . stipendiary magistrate for the borough would greatly facilitate the proper , orderly , and impartial discharge of magisterial business , and would tend to inspire the inhabitants of this great and important town with a confidence in the administration of the criminal and especially judicial decisions and summary convictions , which tho borough justices do not at present possess . " Tho immense crowd departed quietly at cloven o ' clock .
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A CONVICT PRISON . Now that " penal servitude" has replaced to n fixed extent transportation beyond tho seas , the following account of Spilco Island prison ( Queunstown Harbour ) will bo of interest , ft is taken from tho Morning Chronicle correspondence ) : — Thoro aro at proHonfc upwards of 2100 convicts confinod upon tho inland ; it would lmrdly bo correct to uny confinod in tho priwon ; for our common notion of a prison gives a a vory inadequate idoa of tho treatment of tho convicto at Spiko Inland and at tho other Government workn whoro convictfl aro omployod . From six in tho morning till six at night ull who aro not disabled by uickiiosH are out in tho open air . They work in gunga of from twelve to twenty
purnoiiM each , but they are not chained together nor mauaclod in anyway . Tho only apparent rontralnt , upon thorn in tho proaonco of a turnkey , who , with a loaded musket , attends and HiiporintondB each gang . Home of thorn are employed in quarrying rock and levelling the ground within tho oncloBurofi ; othorn aro engaged in dragging tmelcn loaded with tho materials ho obtained to other partu of tho ground ; a few who liuvo boon taught in prinon tho craft of tho ntonomaHon aro at work hewing tho h ( , oiioh or building the rampart ; tho i ' eoblor oiioh aro employed in laying down turf upon tho glaein ; hut all aro kept from morning to night in occupation of one kind or another . Nor in thoro much account taken of the previous * hahit . H or condition in life of it criminal . Once ' placed under tho wirvoillaiioo of tho authoritioH on Hpiko Inland , tho thowH and ninowti of the man aio
hiovo looked to than tho delicacy of liin former habitn , or tho roHpoctabilil . y of hln former ponit ; ion in nooioty . An a proof of thiH it may bo mentioned ( hut no dlHtinetion in in ado between tho convict Kirwin , who in here , and moaner vulliaiiH —ho in wet to the name hard and degrading tattle woiiq with the roHt . BieknoHH alone in allowed hh an oxoiiho from labour , and a man i « no noonor ho convalescent an to bo out of bed than ho in not to mioh light tanknan hl « ntrongthwlll permit . ThiiH ( i number of convietHwho aro not qualified for hinder tankHworo ongngodknittingMtooking / i for thonuielvoH andthoir ooinpanlonn . Tho knowledge of a trade in aluo allowed in eomu dogroo to determine tho nature of a convlot ' H occupation : for all tho requirement of the eon vlctu in food , clothoH , &c , aro proeured within tho prinon itnoir . At nix in tho evening , their work te nnfcihod , whon , if they please , fio
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the oiiuitou in ipswich . fi'swron , like biltle I ' edtiliii ^ ion , him a perpetual curate—for the parish of HI .. NirholiiH—e . ledteil liy the rnto-puyerti . Two cimdiclutos—VoitcHtie ami Weed—lately contented it . One of tho voters received the following letter uoiiui duyo liefore the election : " Dcur bii ' ,-An ' » lViisml well-known to you , mid 1 boliuvo , rcupcctr . d , 1 write a line ol Hokum wiiming * un to your vole tomorrow . I don't know hew you will vote , hut I know hew you long ago nroiniHcd to vote for Mr . Venc'HHe . That promine ia rtfL'is-( r . rwl in hriwn . That pi-online will hUxtI up before yon in your ujhiX hour , when , if you lirmlc it , all you hou . schh will not cancel your erinio . And iii ' liu death cometh thu judgment . And who will clear you in the couit et ( ied V I itiii euro you know what in
right . Do not let any one persuade you to sin against God and array your dying moments with the terrors of a guilty conscience . Life is most uncertain The cholera has carried off one in the town .- Who can tell who nay he the next ? Act likePa man : Act like one who knows he must give account to God , and you will Lave your rcwatd . Youmust soon give an account of your steward , ship .-Be not like the wicked one , a deceiver , for God's word says that all deceivers shall have their part in the lake which bumeth with brimstone and fire , which is the second death . Your sincere well wisher . Wa ^ nSen ehS ""*** * ™ £ 17 ° ^ ™* ** .
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0 CTQBERI , 1853 . ] THE LEAD E R . 945
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 1, 1853, page 945, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2006/page/9/
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