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from the Austrian and Saxon police . What were , then , the reasons why Bakounine hid himself in Leipzig-, and afterwards in Prague , and had connexion with no party beyond a few intimate arid confidential friends , and never used to go out without being accompanied by them , " and in the evenings only ? Such precautions would have been unnecessary had he been well secured from the Austrian and Saxon police , as you believe . you state further : " In the insurrection of Dresden , Bakounine was made prisoner , with arma in his hands , by the Prussians , and his less guilty companions were put to death , whilst he passed unmolested through the hands of the Prussians , Saxons , and . Austrians . "
Bakounine , Heubner , &c . were arrested early in the morning of 10 th May , 1849 , in Chemnitz ( the first town which acknowledged the provisionary government ) , placed in solitary confinement by tie bourgeoisie of that town , and afterwards delivered into the hands of the Prussians , and sent to Altenburg . The chief instrument of this base action was Dr . Becker , Heubner ' s brother-in-law . I was at that time in Chemnitz till noon of that day , and up to that time there was not a single Prussian soldier in the town . The companions of Bakounine—Heubner , &c- — were not put to death ; they are still alive in the dungeons of Saxony .
Bakounine did not pass through the hands of the Prussians , Saxons , Austrians , as you relate ; he was , together with his companions , sentenced to death in Dresden , as well as afterwards in Prague , and of all the prisoners in Konigstein and Gradscbin , he was most strictly and cruelly watched . His execution would have been certainly carried into effect , had not at that time the punishment of death for political offences been abolished . These are the undeniable facts of the case , which can be opposed only by falsehood and calumny . The statement in your letter is a mere invention , which only a writer whose pen is bought to stab a man in the dark would dare to employ against such a man as Bpokounine .
Everybody who had an opportunity of knowing better the political character of Bakounine will share with . us the persuasion that it remained always without any stain ; and his well-known political life will challenge the strictest investigation . This illustrious man has incessantly worked with rare energy and self-denial for the cause of liberty . Hekemann Daeumer , German exile . The undersigned , who took part in the struggle of Dresden , from the beginning to the end , and many times witnessed the revolutionary energy , courage , and rave self-denial of noble Bakounine for the cause of liberty , certify the above-mentioned explanations . Heineicii Maktius , 1 Geokc Wilh Kirchhofker , f German Julius Meismbeugeu , f exiles . Johajjn Engels , \
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THE WELLINGTON MONUMENT IN SOMERSETSHIRE . The subjoined correspondence has been placed in our hands . It is , we hear , the List appeal to the Somersetshire gentry on the subject of the local and national monument to Wellington near to the town from which ho took liis titlo , and in the hea rt of the district from Which his ancestors derived their family name . It certainly appears strange that no greater amount of subscriptions should have been received . The present Hat does not yet reach , we are informed , 1000 / . We trust this generous letter of Sir Arthur EJton may quicken tin ; lagging zeal of the county . Surely Bath , Bristol , Wells , Frome , and Yeovil ought to manifest some slight interest in the success of a monu ment which would 1 ) 0 not only a mark of public spirit m the subscribers , but a permanent source of attraction to the county of Somerset . Many of our readers Avill remember that we drew their attention to tho subject of this monument wmio months since . Wo mako no apology , therefore , for publishing- this last appeal in its behalf . It is a sign of greatness in a nation to honour its great men , and death , the universal democrat , ia neither envious nor partial in its consecrations .
Wenton-Huper-Mure , 12 th October , 18 G 3 . . S ' > —I huvo received a communication from Hir Arthur lliMliu nEHon , in reply to my letter , requesting- hi ,, _ '"• notion for the Wellington monument ; Wr . Arthur ' s itppeiil to the county ol \ Somernol , is ho earnest andwoll-tiined ! ' » u : o m the ' opportunity of giving il , the publicity which it incvitH . The gauntlet mis been thrown down , and are not Mie knights of the pnwnfc day rondy to accent ( he ehal-< nig < -t or will they , counting the ooHl , ' pontpono tho combat Jor a iihhy « -onvenient neummP
It 1 H '''»« wealthy of the lnnd who should rairni nnd eom-)>» ' •« public monuments to tlie great ; and ( o thorn nneertnd "p pca jh luiule . Hy their doed . s it will bo shown , whether "'« pillar now in progress of reMtoratioii will provo n . noble ¦ »«>> uimon | , of Mm peoples love Cor tho patriot warrior or a nu'liiiM . hol y memorial of neglected opportunities , and of wuintmfr natnotitini ,--whieh HeeltH to do what in j UN | , im , { ^ 'K " ¦» y <* t tilwinkn from tho mu-rifico it involved . ' Lot mo iau , er hope thai Homoi-Hetuhiro , rich in her noil , will be louna richer in her windom ami her virtues : < u « l that her
fair name will not suffer in history by neglecting to honour the memory of the illustrious dead . There is one portion of Sir Arthur Elton ' s letter which conveys an impression that this subject has not been prominently brought before the notice of the public . In . this view of the case he has . formed an erroneous opinion . The great ; county meeting , convened for the purpose of adopting measures for the restoration of the Wellington monument , was supported bv the presence and influence of the Lord Lieutenant , the High Sheriff , and a large assembly of our Somersetshire gentry . The proceedings were published in the Times , the United Service Journals , and in all the Somersetshire papers , and the widest circulation was given to the meeting , consistent with an economical disposition of the funds .
For many months I have perseveringly laboured in the cause , with mingled feelings of satisfaction and disappointment . Unnumbered applications have been made for Subscriptions , and in some instances I have received prompt and substantial replies—from , others , silence ; whilst many have excused themselves from subscribing to the Somersetshire monument , in consequence of their previous contributions to the Wellington testimonial in London . I am , sir , your obedient servant , Aethue EryGTiAKH .
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THE WORKING CLASSES . The Preston strike overshadows all the industrial tidings of the week . Nearly 25 , 000 persons are out of employ , and the usual circulation of 12 , 000 ^ . wee kly is stopped in the town . The masters have done it all . Their men were contented to work on at present wages , but they were anxious to help their brothers in . some other factories to obtain the name wages , and for tliia generous sympathy the masters have " locked out" the men , and deprived fully 20 , 000 families of their daily bread . The contest is carried on fiercely , and whichever side wins , the loss to trade will bo heavy . Tho united operatives are able to contribute about 2000 £ a-week for mutual support , and tho masters boast of being able to keep the mills idle . At Wi < l < w , the strike of tho colliers still goes on : about 1 / 5 , 000 arc- out of work , and coals are very dear . Tho dyers in Manchester ( 1600 ) are still out : they propoHo to establish dyeworks . The weavers in the employ of Mr . J . It . Kay , of Bass-lane House , Jhtn / , havo been " locked out " because they persisted in thoir determination to assist the weavers on strike . About 200 weavers , in the employ of Mr . Alcock , Free Town , ceased working on Saturday last . About 260 of the weavers in tho employ of Mr . John Walker , JWylnriilijo , are at present on strike for an advance of 10 per cent . Mr . Walker had previously given the advaneti ; but as his conduct had not been followed by the other masters , ho gave notice to his hands that he should reduce them to tho
former standard ; and , to resist tlio proposed reduction , the weavers turned out . Tho weavers in tho employ of Mr . Fish turned out , but afterwards roturnod to work , having a promise of advance . Tho . weavers in tho employ of Mr . Ilowarth have turned out , in consequence of notice being given that tho recent advance of 10 per cent , would bo taken off . A portion of the weavers in the employ of Messrs . Proctor and Evans havo also turned out . The London carpenters demand
that their masters should not work their men overtime , but employ extra hands when nioro work has to Ixi done . Tho London hairdroraoiH mo preparing for a movement . ( They aak tho Qvieon to restore tlio old elaborate stylo of arranging tho hair \) Tho Kilmavnock block printers ask to bo paid fortnightly instead of monthly . At Holnworthy , Homo carpenters and joiners havo struck for higher wapjoH , but it is probable that an wrangomont will aoon bo oomo to between
them and their employers . The following fact shows , not a demand , but the necessity for one . In Somersetshire , ablebodied day labourers receive only 8 s . a-week , and carters only 9 s ., and this while their cottages , without gardens , average 31 . a-year , coal 20 s . a ton , new wheat 8 s . a bushel , bread 8 * d . the 41 b . loaf , butter Idd . a lb ., bacon and cheese Shd . a lb , lard 9 d potatoes from Is . to Is . 4 d . the peek of 201 b ., grinding barley 5 s . a bushel , new beans 5 s . 6 d ., ditto ( boiling peas ) 8 s . 6 d . per bushel , and they are still charged the old price of 5 s . per lb . for tea of very average quality . A correspondent of the Times describes the dietary of the class : —Weak tea , without milk or sugar , potatoes , and poor skim cheese , with their bread , is too ' often their sole dietary throughout the week . Seldom even on Sundays , can they afford bacon ; butchers ' meat is almost , if not entirely , unknown to them .
The ' successes this week are not many . The Torquay policemen have got their wages raised from 16 s . to 18 s . a-week . The strike of the shoemakers at Devonport is now over , and all the men are again at work . At Brixham there was likely to have been a turn-out on a small scale a short time since , but terms were soon come to between the masters and the men , and the ill effect of such an ill-timed step was thug averted . The London slopworkers have got advanced wages . The Birmingham tinplate-workers have generally obtained the rise of ten per cent .
But general facts of a pleasant kind are plentiful . A few days since , the workmen in the employ of Mr . Truscott , of Nelson-square , Bl&ckfriars-road , the Government contractor for vellum binding , printing , &c , memorialised that gentleman for permission to cease work on Saturday evenings at six o ' clock , instead of eight , as heretofore ; when he , in the most handsome manner , cordially acceded to their request , thus allowing upwards of 150 individuals the opportunity of availing themselves of whatever means of improvement may be within their reach . Every loom in the
north of Ireland is at full work ; the new powerlooms are well tended by hands at good wages . And the Belfast Mercury writes : — "We are gratified to learn that the class of work done by the embroiderers in tlie west of Ireland shows considerable improvement , and that the good wages which numbers of the-girls and women in that quarter are now able to earn , have already created a desirable change among the labouring ranks in those remote districts . " Touching the wages of labourers , William Dargan has written the following letter to an Irish journal : —
"I had already observed tlie misroported passage in my speech at Limerick , on the 5 th instant , on whieh you have commented in your papev of . the 8 th , but fully appreciating the difficulties which gentlemen connected with the pre .-s must have in the discharge of their onerous duties , and not attributing po much importance to any observations of mine as you do , I did not trouble any person with a correction of tho error . You have been pleased to attach sorao importance to what I said , and as your comments are made on a iniarepovt , I beg leave to give you , as nearly as I can remember , what I did say , and which was this -. — ' I havo hoard a great deal of regret expressed about emigration , in which I fully participate ; but you may rely on it , emigration will continue until the working-man receives in this country as much for bin labour as be can get in other
countries . 1 do not know Avhcre the limit of wages can bo fixed , but it is somewhere , and we are not at all near it yet , ' &e . You will nee , then , that my observations tended to the opposite inference of that suggested by your comments ; even tlio context of the inaccurate report must have shown , that what 1 intended to express to tho meeting , as my humble opinion , was , that wages wero too low ; that their inadequacy to the proper support of the working-man promoted emigration ; would continue to promote it , nnd that it would be checked only by raining the standard of wages . I may i ' uri . licr add , that I believe it to be tho interest of those who employ labour to deal with their labourers as considerately and tin liberally as they can . Iran quite sure , if justly paid , and wkilfully directed , they would be oh laborious and efficient at home as they admittedly are in nil other countries . "
The working-men in Glasgow , who lovo to make good uso of Sunday leisure , have won a new triumph . Sir Tames Colquhoun applied to tho Court of Session for an interdict against tlio binding of the Emperor passengers at tho Careloch quay . Lord ItobertHon refused to grant any interdict .
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CBIMINAL K EC OR IX Wni . r , T ! sorting loltora at Charing-eronH , dleorgo Clement felt a little letter nnd found a coin in it . lie threw bin hand .-kerehiof over it , * and whipped it into Jiin pocket , . lie wan seen , and is in tfiiol awaiting trial . A dog-stealer Iiiih been again playing his pranks in town - - ¦ tryiiifjf to fjot money from Mm . ( h-su-n Leslie and Lady ( - 'hire by olleriiiff to brin ^ back stolen do ^ n . Thin man ( William Thomas ) has been committed at every
polieecourt in London for do / r-. st . ealiiig . A yomi £ man in Wells loved MiHM Sophia Clarke , dressmaker , but wan too poor to have a home for two . They worn therefore privately married , and Mm lad y lived with her friendo , while lie ' r liiiHbiind in another town was striving after independence . Imt one day itv a pardon tho Neerotly wedded frenlloninn accidentally put out tho eye uf a Mim » Mem I , im « l thenceforth won " attentive" to ' her . Afterwardn ho niarrind her . He i » now to be tried for bigamy . A servant girl , living in Bromley , was to be married to n , yountir man , whoiu sho lovod very much . Who went out ouo
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October 22 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER , 1015
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TO AETH 0 B KlNGLAKB , ESQ . Clevedon Court , 6 th October , 1853 . My Deak Sir , —I regret to learn , from your letter , that the amount of subscriptions hitherto received in aid of the restoration of the Welhiigton Honument falls very short of what might have been expected . I cannot believe that the Somersetshire gentry are behind the rest of their countrymen in admiration , and respect for the great warrior , the wise and honest statesman , who lias been so recently taken
away from us . Tiie subject can scarcely have been pressed upon their attention with sufficient energy and perseverance . If I recollect right , Mr . Escott , in his eloquent address to the meeting held at Taunton in furtherance of the restoration of the monument , stated , that when he contemplated the goodly assembly round him , he felt proud that he was a ' ' Somersetshire man , " I do not know what his feelings are at present , but I trust that the enthusiasm then kindled has not yet wholly evaporated .
Bad as it is to allow the monument of a great man to fall to decay , it is yet worse to take measures for its restoration , and to fail ignominiously in tlie endeavour . This appears tome to be adding-insult to injury . I trust , therefore , that tho numerous resident gentry of this rich and important county will speedily awake from their apparent apathy , and send in subscriptions from all quarters . By Avay of making a commencement , I would add , that I shall be happy to raise my subscription to 251 ., if half-adozen gentlemen will subscribe tho same sum . I would also venture to suggest that advertisements should be inserted in all the local papers , stating the precise sum required for tlie restoration of tlie monument , and the amount contributed up to this date . I am yours very faithfully , ARTii ' urc II . Ei / rosr .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 22, 1853, page 1015, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2009/page/7/
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