On this page
-
Text (5)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
other . Thus the roads connecting Tiflis and Erzeroum will be the lines of operations for both . There are three roads ; one by the tipper Kur and ' " Akhalzikhe , the other by the upper , Araxes and Erfvan , the third in the midst between these two , across the mountains by way of Kars . All these roads are guarded on either side by fortified towns and posts , and it would be difficult to say which would be for Turks or the Russians the most eligible . Suffice it to say that the road by Akhalzikhe is the one which would lead a Turkish army the most directly upon the insurgent districts of the Caucasus , and the object of the Russian general would probably be to turn the advance of the Turks by a corps advancing from Batun up the valley of the Tchorokh by Otti upon Erzeroum ; the road from Batun joins that from Tiflis only about fifteen miles from Erzeroum .
^ The key to the theatre of war in Asia , and on either side of the hills , then , is Batun , and considering this as well as its commercial importance , we need not wonder at the efforts the Czar has always been making to get hold of it . And Batun is the key of the theatre of war—hay , of all Turkey in Asia , because it commands the only passable road from the coast to the interior—a road which turns all the Turkish positions in advance of Erzeroum . And whichever of the two fleets in the Black Sea drives the other back into its harbours , that fleet commands Batun .
JNow , it is exceedingly probable that Captain Slade ( Mushaver Pacha ) has only left with a division of steamers to . support the enterprise of Selim Pacha , and we must expect to learn soon that the Eastern coast is cleared of all the obstacles which the Russians have taken pleasure in creating . As soon as the Turks shall have done their duty , we may be certain that Sehamyl will do his , as , though abandoned to his own resources , he has for twenty years successivel y combated the most renowned Russian generals . Schamyl was born in 1797 . His beard became greyish at an early age , but his hair is li ght , and his constitution , though apparently weak , has been so well preserved and exercised that he
possesses almost all the advantages of youth . He is the first horseman , the first marksman , the first swimmer of the Caucasus , though in that country able horsemen , swimmers , and marksmen abound . But Schamyl is not only an excellent general ; he is also a most able administrator . Religion is in his hands an instrument of rule , and also an instrumeat of moralisatiori and patriotism . Since 1834 , when be succeeded Cha ' si Mollah , who died at his side at the breach of Himry , in an engagement with the Russians , not a single act of weakness can be alleged . against him . Sober t
, chase , active , comparatively enlightened , he has never employed the power with which he is invested for the sa tisfaction of his personal passions . The sect of which he is the chief is called Muride , and its object is to destroy the schism which exists between the followers of Ali , of Abou-Bekr , and Omar . He has nearly succeeded in the Caucasus ; and of one hundred tribes d ifferent by origin , traditions , and , to a certain degree , by language , he has formed a people ready to die for their faith and their country . Let Selim Pacha give room for operations , and let him supply ammunition to auch a man , and Russia will noon feel all tho conquests which , during tho last fifty years , she has made by cunning , intrigue , and corruption in Mingreha , Gouria , and Georgia , tremble in her hands , and then slip from them altogether .
Untitled Article
THE NATIVES AND THE BENCH OF INDIA . The last files of Bombay papers contain the following energetic documents . The signatori es are the mos t distinguished in the Presidency . To tho Right Honourable Sir Charles Wood , Bart ., President of the Board of Control , London . RronT iroNOUitAui . E Sin , —Wo huvo taken tho liberty of addressing-you on behalf of Messrs . LoCieytand Grunt , kte Sudder . Tudg-es of this Presidency , and to point out ; a mistake which appears in your reply to Mr . Otway in tho House of Commons , on the 22 nd July last . You are there made to state , that , having regard to tho feelings of tho Native , population , you did not feel justified in directing tlie restoration of the removed JudVes . "
J hat the natives were , all in favour of tho two JiuWs , tlie , accompanying copies of addresses to Government on their behalf from the chief cities of the Bombay Presidency Avill sufficiently certify that their restoration would bo hailed by all parties as an act of justice .. Messrs . Le Goyt and Grant wore loved and honoured by tin ? whole nativo community ; Ihoir ability was undoubted , tlieir honesty and impartiality unquestionable . ; and to their xc . nl and integrity in oflico were added those , higher qualities which link man with miin , and which acknowledge no superiority of race and colour . It in not for us to dictate any line of conduct for you to pursue ; but we are at liberty to protest ' and now do so , against the . statement ( hat tho ' restoration of Messrs . Le Geyt and Grant woidd not he in accordance
Avitli tlie feelings oi the natives . As an act of justice , and to . strengthen tho belief that there is an authority in lOng . bind alive to the feelings and interests of the native popuhition , we humbly beg that you will see justice done lo these two men , who have boon ho nnjiiNtly 7 lcii . lt ; with , in support of our application , and to prove tho truth of our assertions , we beg to forward tho addresses above alluded to We have I he honour to be , 'Ri ght Honourable Hir , your most obedient servants , ( Signed ) . Jamsotjeo . Teojeobhoy ; Nowrojeo
Jamsetieononiimjee Hornuin ) ee ; Mee . r . Tidier Ali Khan , of Hura . t-( -ursctjee Jinimetjee ; Rustomjeo . TauiHotjoo ; Sorabieo . raniMefjee . ; Matuickjeo TCeMminvimjeo ; Limjeo Mnnuelneo-Oowiisjeo . ( chunked ! - ; 'Mahomed Ibrahim Muclilm ; Ai ' da-Noor Oursetjeo Dady ; Nuccamm Lusimonjeo ; AH '' Mahomed ; Vtirjeewiindiiss MndowduHH ; i ' ursotum ' lnsH TM ohunda . su ; TVurrotimidaHS . MudowdnsH ; GulliandasH Mohundass-I'Ymnjeo NiiSHurwanjee ; Morwnnieo . lojoobhoy Dhuu ' joehhoy lYussunvaMJee Ca . nn , ; ( Jursotjeo WoHHonvunieo ( Iiuiiii ., and up wan in of 1 ) 00 others .
JJoinbay , October , IHC > ' , \ . To . / ' . lf r . Lo Gcj / fi , Maqniro . Dkar Slit ,- -We , (>!»<•> undersigned inhabitants of Hornbay , huvo read uitlio London . Mad of the 7 M , August last with much num and HurpriHe , the report of a reply made , on tlioiiiindol July last in tho House of Commons , by tho I ' rcjHidonfc oi . tho JUoiird at Control , to a question pub
by-Mr . Otway , in which'Sir Charles Wood is made to say , among other tilings , - that his reason for not complying with the application of yourself and Mi-. Grant to be restored to the Bench of the Sudder Adalut of Bombay ; ' was a regard forthe . feelings , of the . Natives of this . Presidency ; thereby infplymg that the feeling of the Native Com-Sr ^ pSST «** ** «»» <* y * ^ in in your Atthe time of your removal , in March last , addresses and petitions from this and the other princip J towns in / ± ? 5 Z ? SCnt (; d *? Government ing for
^ SI ; pray your restoration , and expressing in the strongest terms the unshaken confidence which the community at large had always placed m your integrit y , judicial ability , and uprightness . We are , therefore , astonished that such a mistaken opinion as that expressed by Sir Charles Wood should have been conceived by him . We deem it necessary , in justice as well to ourselves as to you both , to come forward at this juncture , and to express in the most unqualified language , that we entertain the most entire coniidencein your integrit y and in your judicial ability and uprightness , and that it is our earnest desire and sin < wn
wish to see you restored to your former position in the budder . Adalut . We feel confident , that such a proceeding ¦ mil meet with the cordial approval of the millions livinf within the jurisdiction of that Court , whose interests are intimatel y connected with its integrity and character . We remain , dear Sir , your sincere and faithful friends _ ( Signed ) Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy ; JSTowrojee Jamsetieo : Bomanjee Hormusjee ; Meer JafFor Ali Zhan of Surat Cursetjee Jamsetjee ; llustomjee Jamsetjee ; Sorabiee Jamsetjee ; Maneckjee JSTusserwanjee ; Limjee Maheckiec-Cowasjee Jehangeer ; Mahomed Ibrahim Muckba ; Ardaseer Cursetjee Dady ; Succaram Luximonjee ; Ali Mahomed ; Vurjeewandass Madowdass ; Pursotumdass Mohundass ; WuiTotumdass Madowdass ; Culliandass Mohundass ; Eramjee Nusserwanjeo ; Mcvwanjee Jejeebhoy ; piiunjeebhoy tfusserwanjee Cama ; Cursetjee Nusserwan ' jee Cama , and upwards of 900 others . Bombay , October , 1853 .
Untitled Article
THE CITY COMMISSION " . "Various gentlemen have given evidence since our last notice . Captain Williams , Government prison inspector , testified to the excellence of the management of the new prison at Holloway—" a pattern prison for the country ; " and the completeness of the pr ison visitations by the aldermen . As to stipendiary magistrates he thinks one could do the whole business of the City .
Mr . Pratt , Secretary of the General Steam Navigation Company , and Mr . Matthews , a , solicitor , much engaged in dispute s about river matters , complained about the neglect of the conservancy of the Thames . Mr . Philetus Richardson was a solicitor , and deposed that he had professionall y purchased the copyright of a newspaper called the Citizen , on behalf of Mr . Benjamin Scott , a city officer , and Mr . Toulmin Smith ! The object of the paper was to give reports of Corporation proceedings .
Mr . William Hickson , formerly proprietor and editor of the Westminster Review , and Mr . Williams , M . P ., gave evidence to show that the accounts of the cityare in a most unsatisfactor y state , largel y quoting figures , and putting in estimates in support of their " views . Including all local expenses for public purposes in the city , Mr . Hickson estimates its revenue at 1 , 107 , 154 ? . It is in the cost of management of the city—120 , 000 ? . per annum—that he finds the great sore and grievance of the Corporation . Mr . Hickson is in favour of a metropolitan municipality .
Mr . Williams gave a history of his efforts as auditor of the city accounts in 1830-4 , and as Common Councilman . He showed that great mystification prevails in the accounts , and fully sustains Mr . Hiekson ' s charge of cost of management .
Untitled Article
OUB SANITARY CONDITION I The mortality of the metropolitan districts , says the Registrar-General , has risen considerably during the week . In the preceding week the deaths registered were 1162 ; in the week that ended on Saturday last they were 1339 . The mean weekly temperature has suffered a great fall . In the last week of October it was 55-5 deg ., in the fou r weeks that followed it was 48-9 deg ., 45-7 deg ., 38 S deg ., and ( last week ) 36 * 7 deg . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1843-52 , the average number of deaths was 1093 , which , raised in proportion to increase of population , becomes 1202 . There is an excess in last week ' s return amountin g to Io 7 .
-Diseases of the respiratory organs have suddenly become more fatal ; they rose from 180 in the preceding to 297 in tho last week ; in this class bronchitis rose from 68 to 134 , pneumonia from 92 to 124 . Phthisis was fatal in the two weeks respectively in 133 and 1 C 6 cases . Cholera , it is gratifying to observe subsides , and last week was fatal to only 4 ( i persons ! In the first fourteen weeks of the epidemic of 1848-9 ( reckoning from 1 st October ) , it destroyed 529
persona ; in the same number of weeks of tho present attack , commencing 21 st August , it has carried off 744 , or 215 persona more than in the former . But tho epidemic beginning at an earlier . season in 1853 , the mean temperature has been on an average 5 deg . higher , and making- allowance for thin circumstance , there does not appear any sufficient ground to conclude that the distemper now prevailing is of a more virulent character than that of 18 ( 8 .
At the meeting of the City Commission of Sewers , on Tuesday , Mr . John Simon , their able officer of health , read his annual report on the sanitary condition of the metropolis . It is a document of immense length , and we can only hope to give our readers . sonic idea of its contents by Humming up the chief points , and giving- a Hpeeimen of the document itself . Mr . Simon reported the number of deaths which had taken place in the iifty-two weeks previous to Michaelmas last at , ' MHO , being 25 fewer than in the , last preceding similar period . Ah the population of tho City was about 130 , , the average rate of mortality during the last five years had been twenty-four per thousand per annum . The lioaII . hie . Ht ; sub-district ( tho
north-west sub-district of the Wost , London Union ) showed a do ; ith-rate of only eighteen in the thousand whereas , in the unhealthiost ( t , ho north west sub-district of tho City of London Union ) it was above twenty-nine per thousand . Tho lowest death-nite which li . 'id boon obtained in any largely populated district , throughout the country during ( he term of soven years wan fourteen , or less than one-half of that in ( , h ,, worst tfub-distriol ; within the jurisdiction of the commissioners , The average den , th-rato amongst all t . ho City population above live years of ago was nearly 17 per thousand , while for children under five yearn it was nearly eighty-live per .-uinum . The annual ' rate of death per thousand persons in the < liH ' orent unloim had been as follows : ¦ --,, , ,. ., ° wr five yoin-M . Under fivo voivrii East London I (( . ( IH 01 i )» Went London 20 . 58 01 . 8 . 1 , City of . London ]/> . <)(! 71 . 7 U Average KJ . 85 84 . 7 a To tho annual avorago of yi 20 doatha , typliua had
Untitled Article
THE OXFORD TUTORS' REPORT . A committbe of tho Oxford College Tutors' Association have issued their report on tho relation of the professorial and tutorial systems . We have not space , tins week , either to insert the report at length , or to enter into any comment on the subject . We must content ourselves with ji very brief indication of tlie principal suggestions , and the main points in which the tutors differ from tho commissioners . The defects in the present educational system are stated as follows : — 'he first in the want of n body of in . structor . s , who confining their attention to a single branch of study , "hall be capable of prosecuting it to its utmost limits , Jwul who may feel themselves at liberty to lecture up J « tjio requirements of the subject , rather than down ™ tho capacit y of inferior pupils . The second dofieioiu-y ih the want of an adequate means of producing ° » " retaining within tho University men of eminence in l » -ytieul ; u- departments of knowledge . " In fcluj CoiniHiHsio nors' Report it wan proposed to supersede the existing arrangements by : i development of the pro- I ^' -SHonal system -to carry on the work of instruction \ Y means of professors and assistant professors , and to I j'oinponsato tho college ttitors , by l ; he hope that would .. lloI ( 1 ° » t of rising to the position of leeturersqr pn » - essors . It was proponed to ' "leave tho patronage of all now ^ profoHsoiHlii ps in the ' hands of the ( Iniwii , and that ™ < ' * H Uiose not vested in Convocation , in the hands of < M . ow con gregation . " Ifc Wiu « UojkkI that , imrior Hiioh "yntoni , private tutora would bo rendered uhhoooh-Hary . j lut tll '" rf ) rof ? ar < l them ) proposals " an far too rovo- I 'loiHu-y , " anil diH ! ,, gree with the commissioners in al- I <><> s | , overy point „(• detail . They do not regard pro , i '" ° , It !(!< . nreH , "as especially favourable to the inii ! ., U ! o an < 1 H « H ' - <« Imaitii ) M of the j ) upil ; " they look oub } 1 ) OMition <) f t !»» ! l » Hwtant j [) rofoHH < . > ni as ainbigu-»» nd do not ignoro tho ncooasity of private tuition aa I
a means of special training . When the commissioners recommend that examination should be in subjects , the tutors ^ declare their preference for books . When the commissioners consign the main- teaching to pro-. fessors , the tutors . ¦ recognise a marked distinction between the duties of professors and tutors , " regarding the union of the two as necessary to the full development of the university system . The tutors purpose to create new professors , but to limit their spheres of operation ; to leave the appointment in the -hands _ sometimes of electors chosen by Convocation , sometimes of the examiners for the time being , sometimes of a delegacy appointed by the legislative body , sometimes of the Vice-chancellor . The Report is very elaborate , and contains several criticisms on the present condition of the professorial chairs , but we shall resume the whole subject on an early occasion .
Untitled Article
December 8 , 1853 . ] THE L E A El E R . 1161
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 3, 1853, page 1161, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2015/page/9/
-