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These gentlemen all expressed the same opinion of the machine as that of yesterday . The first engineers of England and France " have endorsed its merits !"— Times Correspondence . .
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NEWDEGATE AND SPOONEE . BY THEMSELVES . THE twin members of North Warwickshire addressed their constituents at Rugby , last week . The occasion was a feast of the distressed agriculturists of those parts , members and friends of the Rugby and Dunchurch Association—for what ? Some eighty of these sat down to dinner , and after they had eaten and drunken , instead of rising up to go , they encouraged each other to rise up and speak . Mr . Newdegate and Mr . Spooner obeyed , and talked at great lengths . We subjoin some specimens . After going back upon the failures of Mr . Gladstone , Mr . Newdegate came to " the recess . "
"Notwithstanding the Russo-mania of Lord Aberdeen , and the Russian writing of the Times , public opinion has manifested itself strongly in favour of England ' s maintaining what is called the balance of power" in Europe—not permitting the Mediterranean to become a Russian , as in former days she would ^ not allow it to become a French , lake . It is not always , unhappily , the case that the dictates of honour and of interest point in the same direction . That the honour of England is pledged to the defence of an ally who has for years faithfully maintained the freedom of our overland communication with India , and the freedom of our commerce to the East , no man can doubfc ,- and he would defy the scepticism to all moral obligations of the most inveterate devotee to pounds , shillings , and pence to doubt that the material interests of England aro deeply
pledged to the defence of Turkey—the only European Power which has to the full reciprocated the wanton liberality of our commercial policy . Let the man of pounds , shillings , and pence , but cast his eyes down the , tariffs of Russia and Turkey , he will find that , while the duties imposed by Russia upon our principal articles of export vary from 60 to 200 per cent ., upon all these Turkey levies duties of about three per cent ., and will understand the reason why the declared value of our exports to Russia , after having for years declined , have fallen ~ b y half , from 2 , 153 , 491 ? . in 1845 , to 1 , O 99 , 917 Z . in 1852—a value not
equal to that of the 733 , 738 quarters of wheat , at 30 s . per quarter , which we took from Russia in that year of abundance , while she took no produce or manufactures of ours inTeturn for all the tallow , barilla , and other merchandise she sent us ; he will understand why our exports to Turkey and her dependencies , Syria and Palestine , Moldavia and Wallachia , have increased by a third since 1846 ; and if he need an indication of what Russia will do with respect to our commerce , if she succeed in obtaining command of the commercial access to the east of the Mediterranean , ho may find it in the futile remonstrances addressed to the Russian Government by our Ministers ever since Russia
obtained possession from the Turks of the Sulina mouth of the Danube , the free passage of which is always of great importance for the transmission of those supplies of grain to this country which our free-trade measures have necessitated . While the Turks had possession of this outlet , of the Danube they kept a passage through the bar clear , with a depth of ' from sixteen to eighteen feet of water by a very simple process of dredging ; but the Russians have wilfully refused to do this , and now there are not more than nine foot of water over the- bar , to the continual interruption of navigation and the restriction of tho supply of grain . No commercial man needs further evidence as to
its being tho clear interest of England to sustain the Turks in possession of their rightful territory . Such facts as thfi . se have not boon wasted upon England . The cowardly advice of Mr . Cobdon , who no longer talks of crumpling up Russia , but , now that the Czar is fairly intent upon aggression , would rather see Constantinople in his hands Hum make an effort to Have our only European ally , who Rooms his only disciple , and has turned free-trader in earnest , from aggression , has fallen flat upon the oar of tho people of England , who have not forgotten Mr . Cobdon ' s thousand-times reiterated pro . ini . sefl of perpetual cheapness when the corn laws were repealed . "
Here is Mr . Newdegate'h view of the strikes : — A friend of mine has sent mo a placard which has boon extensivel y posted up in Manchester . Tho placard declared that tho League's big loaf was lost , and ridiculed tho liuluro of t , ho League ' s prophecies of p lenty . JYow , this document did not emanate from No . 17 , Old Bond-street , ' m ilOm ' ¦ something besides inoro flellishne . sH when they wnrncd -lioni | , ] m ( , || l ( , . |)( .,, ! of ( i 10 corn laws would entail oHoillaj ¦ ^ ^^ 'vri '"* ' * i «* * ' *¦ % ' t'l'l It fluff il || ^ ' ( ftii ^ i'PAit > r *^ ^ ' •*<* Maav ions
¦ in i ]) C ! ,,., ( . ( , of wheat ; - ¦• at oiiotiino n'Miiltiiifj in n JiinoiiK depression of tho agriculturists , at another bringing a I the Hoyority of unforeseen scarcity to bear on tlio poorer _ » H . s (> H o ( | r | 10 country . If it worn not too serious a . mibj ( || . (> O 11 ' ' I"ugh at tho rugo of tin * economists , who hoc ^ ' Mio oxtoimivo system of strikes a proof , from which thoy < ' « nnol , etienpo , ( , ] , „'( now > w | , ( ,,, | , l , eyliavo told ( ho working"nhch tha | . j , | u , j uw T 1 ( Vi | , .,. ] ) roi ( . (; tn fbeir indiiHtry nor O'lcoriiH i ( HolC < , 0 Hcc . uro thorn a sternly supply of food , tho Ixn-ativcH jiro determined to protect themselves . Those ^ 'Ji'ioluwtor oconomiHtH uro fairly brought face to face with i V ° . l ) tnv < d . ivon , and can no longer palm upon thom tho ( « 'UNion that , the dniriKMM of food , and tlioir own attomptu 1 il \ v ° ' Wtt (? > ( U ' ° 'ho consequence of , or aro juntifie < l by , Min "na < ; t ( J ( 1 f ' ' " ' l > on « lifc of thoHO whom thoy call Mio 1 U 1 P (*«« aristocracy , tho grasping landlords , or Mio
loutish farmers of England . They arc , indeed , attempting to persuade the working-classes that their present difficulties are the consequences of war—a war which England has endeavoured to prevent , and in which England has not at present engaged- ^ a war in which , if England does engage , it will mainly be for the purpose of securing' tho free transmission of those supplies of foreign gram which the policy insisted upon , and carried by these ycry economists , has done much to render necessary ; for it is idle to pretend that the present short supply of wheat is entirely the consequence of our bad harvest . The bad harvest ^ did not dissipate the supplies which used to lie stored in the bonding warehouses . Sir James Graham and theeconomists have preached and ' practised in vain
_ if as wide a breadth of wheat was sown in the autumn of 1851 , to say nothing of . 1852 , as had been sown before . They told the farmer to apply his land to the cultivation of green crops and flax—to lay down in grass the inferior soils , for that the people of England needed not that he should strive to grow wheat ; and to his own knowledge , their practice in repealing the corn laws , if not their preaching , induced the farmers to act in accordance with their advice ; while the agricultural statistics of Ireland , collected by the police , proved the immense diminution of the growth of wheat in Ireland since the year 1846 . The politicians of Manchester told their people to look abroad for food , and tliat every wave would bear them tons of meal . They have sown the ocean , and they have reaped the strikes .
Mr . Newdegate was great on the Reform Bill . If the agriculturalists ha d their due , he thinks that their share of the representation would be increased , and that of the towns decreased . As to Mr . Spooner , he confessed , in original terms , that "the wind had been completely taken out of his sails , " so far as related to the making of a speech , by the long and able address of his ¦ cullcag . ua , in whose views he had only to express his general concurrence . He , however , went on at great length concurring with his colleague , instead of imitating Burke ' s friend , by uttering a simple and expressive " ditto . "
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INCOME TAX AND WAGES . The subjoined letter will be read with interest by all our working-class readers : — " Downing Street , Dec . 5 , 1 S 53 . "Sie , —I am directed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer to acknowledge the receipt of your letter , written on behalf of yourself and the other compositors employed in connexion with the Globe newspaper , on the subject of tho extension of the income tax to incomes amounting to 1007 . per annum derived from tho weekly wages of labour . I am instructed by tho Chancellor ' of the Exchequer to inform you that the Income Tax Act applies to all annual income , whether it be made up of weekly payments or not
but the wages of labour are returnable under Schedule D , and no person is liable to the tax , unless he shall have actually received 100 Z . per ' annum , and upwards , on an average of three years . The principal point wherein you appear to think your case distinguishable from others , is that your employment is not certainly continuous for a year . Upon this it may be observed that if there has been any actual intermission of omploymont , so as to rodueo in nny particular instance a man ' s receipts below 100 ? . per annum upon an average of three years , ho is in that enso undoubtedly entitled to claim ¦ exemption . I have tho honour to be , sir , your faithful servant , " Mr . Thomas Eve . " " Fbancis Lawxey . "
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UNIVERSITY REFORM . TriK report of the committee of tho Hebdomadal Board appointed to inquire into the recommendations of the Royal Commissioners , which was in the hands of members of the Board on Monday last , has been to-day for the first time procurable by the public It is in the form of a tolerably bulky octavo volume , ; uid i . s priced at 5 . 9 . Ill pages ; m > occupied with the actual report ; the remainder consists of evidence from Dr . Pusey , the Rev . O . Cordon , the liev . 11 . JTussey , the llov . C . Marriott , the Rev . It . Muekle . stone , the Rev . IP . Meyrick , Mr . E . A . JJYeeman , the Rev . Dr . P . andinel , the " Rev . I ) . P . Chase , the President of Corpus , tho U . ev .
C . . 1 * . Chretien and others , the President of Magdalene , the Provost of Oriel , the Viee-Chaneellor , Dr . I ) : uibeney , Mr . T . H . Tristram , tho Rev . E . A . Litton Mr . C . Neate , tho Rev . . T . T . Round , Mr . ( I . IC . Rickardu , and the Hon . . Tustieo Coleridge . The chief recommendations aro- first , on tho subject of University extension , that affiliated hulls should be allowed and that to encourage the foundation of a new independent hall or lmlIn , under peculiar and stringent regulations , the sum of 10 , OOOZ . should bo advanced , by way of gift , from the UniverHity chest , but that neither private halln nor unattached students should be permitted . Secondly , on tho subject , of the constitution , that the necond Hebdomadal Board should remain in
its present position , but should Jm > iu « re . as « i « l by Mm addition of ' eight other member )) , to bo elected by convocation . Two of those , i ( . is proposed , should rotire yearly ; and retired members should not bo re-olii » ibl < i till after ; i . year . Thirdly , in regard to profewiors , it ] H proposed that hoiiio two or three should receive a small addition to their stipend ; that the two Arabic ProfofisorshipH should bo combined ; that , ( heS ; umerit IVofeHHor should be forced to reside ; and tluit new Professorships should be established " of hoiiio of tho modern Eastern languages , particularly Chinese . " Finally , with regard to < : h ; mgon in oollegrH , it is recommended that tho Mead and Fellows of o"oh society should be empowered to alter or abrogate statutes , mid to friuuo new ouch ; hucIi changon in every hiHtiinco
requiring the consent of the Visitor , and becoming-law by the confirmation of a new Court , to consist of the Lord Chancellor , the Chancellor of the . University , and the Lords Justices or other Judges of the superior courts It is not thought necessary that changes should be pressed on any College from without . Nor is it thought desirable to apply College funds to the endowment of professorships , unless hi cases , such as Magdalene and Corpus , where such a use was expressly contemplated b y the founder . Such are the most salient points of the long-expected report . —Times
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DEPUTATIONS—RELIGIOUS AND SANITARY . Two deputations waited on Lord Palmerston on Wednesday ; the first from the Irish Church Mission bociety , the second from Lambeth . The Irish deputation , introduced by Mr . Arthur Rinnaird , attended to pray for an inquiry into the case of William Smith , who distributed handbills in the streets of Dublin , and in so doing hurt the tender susceptibilities of Mr . O'Brennan . Our readers will remember the case . We need not go into it ; but the following conversation is interesting : — Yiscount Palmers ton—What were these placards and handbills— -the substance of them ?
The Ecv . R . Bickersteth—Tlu > y contain questions relating to points in dispute between the Roman Catholics and the Protestants . I have here an exact copy . This is one of the handbills . It is an advertisement of a sermon to be preached in Dublin . This is the part complained of . ( The reverend gentleman here handed a bill to his lordship ; it was on "The Supremacy of St . Peter , " with questions appended , and quotations . from the Bom an Catholics '
_ It was not this identical handbill , but it was one prceiPi ' ly similar . Viscount Palmerston—The question is , whether there was-anything in it that was needlessly offensive ?¦ ' The Eov . E . Bickers to th—In all' the proceedings of this society it is a fundamental rule with us to abstain % > m all- intemperate language , and any kind of conduct that could be justl y regarded as offensive- to the Ionian Catholics .
Viscount LifFovd—I can only state that , acting as a magistrate in Warwickshire , if English magistrates were to act on tho same princi p les , there would" be very great disturbances and complaints , because very often placards and papers are circulated respecting church rates and other matters , which are a great deal more offensive than any of these . The llev . It . Biekersteth—I think we have distributed about 44 , 000 of theso handbills monthly , for two or three months pas ? , and this is tho very first instance in which any complaint has arisen in consequence of our so doing-. Tho man simply offered the handbill to " the lady as she was passing by . lie was on tho side next her . And it was not until five minutes afterwards that Mr . O'Brenium ran after him . The lion . A . Kinnaird—It i . s what happens every day in London , as we are walking alonir the streets .
Viscount Liflbrd—You never win tell what is put into -our hands until iiftorwnrds . Viscount Palmerston—Yes , but in London tho handbills offer you cheap poods instead of a creed . The Hon . A . Jvinnuird—But the principle ! brought forward by . Lord Lilford , as to the church-rate , is perfectly analogous . Viscount Palmerston—Yes . The Rev . II . Hlekersteth -T should mention also that the Iionuui ( Vil holies are in the hiibil , of doing the sam « thing in Dublin , mid the Protestants make uo 7-omphunt . Vi . Mcount ; Palmers ! on- I think it , is absurd ! o . say that ft mini distributing tilings of that sort is roirunittin < r or likely to commit a breach of tho peace . Tim breneb of Uio peace is committed by those who may bo mude nn ^ ry by it , and who mnnot keep ( heir temper . ' .
Viscount LiU ' ord -Without driving things to extremity , it would be a great ; thing to have . such on expression of opinion as _ would deter ningistralos from taking . such an arbitrary line us we nro deterred from taking in Knglmid . I think it would bo a great , thing to huvcMomelliiiur of Mint sort U \ give securit v to the Protestimt . s . Lord I ' almeraton . said he would inquire into the subject . 'Phil Lambeth deputation , he-ided by Mr . Wilkinson and Mr . Williams , the borough Members , stated that they were there at the request of a public meeting , to cn ! l attention to tho defective drainage of the parish of St M ' ury . Large rates are collated , but little is done towanlH draining Mio parish . They prayed for representative iiiMtitutions . Lord P . ahnerstou promised to introduce tho representative system into tho management of nitcH .
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( . ' I T V M ATT E U S . At the sitting <» f tho Commission , on ' Friday week , Mr . ' lioigli I ' onibcrton , solicitor to tho Hoard of inland Ittsvoniio , gave ovidenee as to the right to tho bed and shores of the river , claimed alike by tho Corporation and Mm Crown . itappeani that Mio Corporation aro in tho habit of licensing pcrnonn to embank the Thames for purpoHOH of buHinoHH . Oases of tbis kind having cimiii t . o the knowletlgo of Mr . Pemberton , ho looked into tho law upon the-subject ; , consulted the , law oflioorH of ( . ho Crown ; and by their advice an information was filed in Chancery , reciting tho proceeding of tho Corporation , culling for a discovery of tho charters , lettorn patent , or other grounds tor tho exoreiHo of the alleged right , and calling upon the Court to nettle the point at
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December 10 , 1853 ] THE LEADER . 1181
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 10, 1853, page 1181, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2016/page/5/
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