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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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There appears to be little doubt that the combined fleets have now entered the Black Sea , in company with the Trrkish fleet . The collective note and protocol reached Constantinop le on the 13 th inst . The Official Gazette of Vienna takes caro to announce that the entrance of the fleets into the Black Sea must not be considered a hostile act , but only a tutelary measure ; not to attack the Russian fleet , but to protect the Turks .
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It is positively stated that Persia , at the instigation of Russian Intrigues , and the promise of the Czar to waive the payment of the debt due to him from the Shah , has not only declared war against the Porte , and offered Prince Woronzow 30 , 000 men , but has declared war against England . This is not confirmed ; but it is certain'that Mr . Thompson , the British Minister at Teheran , has brokenoff all relations with the Persian Court , and , we believe , has retired to Bagdad . The statement of the Time * , that Admiral Dundas h . " . d advised that the fleets should at once intercept the return of the marauders of Sinope , awl that his advice bad been opposed by General Baruguay d'Hilliers , has caused great sensation in Paris , In explanation , it has been asserted that
Admiral Dundas could have given no such advice , because the Russian fleet could have reached Sebastopoi before the combined fleets could have entered the Block Sea . But this explanation does not hold good ; for the'Taif , which brought the news of the disaster to Constantinople , arrived there before the Russian fleet left Sinope . No doubt , had Admiral Dundas ' s alleged advice been followed at once , the Russian fleet might have been intercepted and destroyed , for the Numbering three-deckers engaged in the butchery at Sinope were so mauled by the Turkish fire , that they had to be towed back , against a strong wind , by the JRussian steamers . [ We have no doubt that the true reason why the British Admiral's pugnapious counselsr-were refused—if , indeed , he ever gave any—wasa fear lest the British and French seamen should meet the enemy , and come to blows . ]
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A , private letter from Persia , dated Ispahan , September 20 , has the following mysterious passage : — " All Persia is thrown into a state of suspense and anxiety by the disappearance of his Majesty the King of Persia from Teheran , tmh 30 , 000 cavalry , 1000 pieces of cannon , and 3000 camels loaded with ammunition . We are completely at a'loss to conjecture the object of the expedition or the place of its destination . " The Hamburg News says : — " Travellers from St . Petersburg state , that in the shops of that city are sold maps of Constantinople , in which the Turkish capital is divided into ilussian police districts . A copy of this mnp , which was brought to Vienna , produced a great sensation , as it is well ¦ known that at St . Petersburg no person can sell maps or engravings without the authorisation of the Government . "
Letters from Smyrna state that Mr . Charlton Whittall , with other British and several foreign merchants of that -city , have , in order to show their sympathy for the cause of Turkey , and at the same time their opinion of the peaceable behaviour of the redifs , or recruits , who have lately left ithat village to form the army , come forward , in a most considerate and charitable manner , to assume , during the absence of these in the defence of their country , the sole ^ Maintenance and support of their large families residing at Bonrna ' unt . The communications on the Danube are totally suspended . The " Czar lias published a ukase , proclaiming a htate of siego throughout Bessarabia and the Governments of Cherson and Tauris , and placing those provinces under martial law .
At Jassy a thanksgiving for the victory of Sinopo had been . solemnly celebrated . Tho Austrian , Prussian , and Greek Consuls were invited to attend on tho happy occasion , but they did not appear . The English and French Consuls had already taken their departure . The St . Petersburg journals have announced that tho Russian Baltic fleet has been dismantled , ttnd that the crews fhavo been oent to their homes . In order to fully understand tho bearing of this measure it is useful to mention that the Baltic fleet , which has tho beat sailors in the liussian navy , wore transferred throe months since to tho Black Sea fleet , « ' » id only fresh levied seamen remained at Cronstadt . It ia these m « n who have been sent to their hornet * for tho winter season , when tho fleet of tho Baltic cannot move on account of tho ico .
The anniversary of the Polish revolution was celebrated at Constantinople on the 29 th ult . by about 100 Polish emigrants . M . Baltnzzi , % vho some timo since mado an advance to tho l ' orto of 35 millions of piastres on tho tribute to be received from Egypt , has also furnished 10 , 000 pieces of cloth , "nd all tho wives of tho employe 1 * in the war department have been set to work to convert it into clonks for tho troop ? , a . krgo building has been converted into a work"hoj . f , ) r ti 1 B . ) Urp 0 , s 0 . Tho fcmulcs of tho harems are similarl y occupied , although they are lvot very export nt Needlework .
Ou tho 29 th of November , nn officer of the Sominoft fcunrd regiment wusshot on tho place of mum at St . Pctcrfs"UrK- He had supplied Radzevitz , Prince Gortsch akoff 'a secretary , with tho materials for his treasonable cormtpon-« l > nco with Omar Pasha . Rudzovitz , or Gadsovitz , as Bomo ' ¦^ "respondents call him , waa shot at Bucharest aa aoon us a trt ) ' » cheiy wns discovered .
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i > V ° i Inil e " > n >| ty and civilization of Kussia mid tho 0 lU : have been Htrungely contrasted aiiico the breaking out
of hostilities , not only in the method of warfare , but in the treatment of neutral flags and commercial interests . A letter from Odessa of the 3 rd , states that the Egyptian steamer and the Turkish merchant vessel taken by the Russians were lying in that port . Tho Egyptians , who were taken , to the number of 130 , had been sent to prison . The Medjoie-Tedjaret ,- a Turkish steamer of 200-horsepower , was captured by the Russians before the delay accorded to commercial vessels had expired , and while a score of Russian merchantmen were lying and loading unmolested in the
Bosphorns . A Russian merchantman-took shelter in the Bosphorus , and was well received ; every assistance was given to the crew by the Turkish authorities . Redschid Pacha , in a dignified and noble letter , in reply to a request of the Austrian internuncio that the delay accorded to Russian commercial vessels should be extended , says that he declines to imitate the Russian proceedings in the Danubian provinces , and grants a further term of 45 days to Russian thips loading grain for the Black Sea , and three months to allow Russian ships on the coast of Europe or of Africa to return to the Black Sea through the Dardanelles .
Contrast these acts with the conduct of the Russians . The Czar already treats the Black Sea as a Russian lake . He has ordered all merchantmen to be searched . Two British merchantmen were " roughly handled" at Sinope ; and a third , the Phcebe , was fired into by a Russian ship , on her passage from Constantinople to TrebizonJe .
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M . de Fontin , till lately the Russian Consul-General in Servia , and who it was stated was to have represented Russia in the conference , is now reported to be charged with a mission to the Shah of Persia .
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The most interesting continental news , not from the theatre of war , comes from Turin this week . Every thing denotes steady and hopeful progress in Piedmont , and a religious and ; commercial freedom are officially proclaimed as the policy of the Government . The legislative session was opened on the 19 th ifist . The King delivered a speech , which was warmly applauded . He congratulated the Piedmoutese nation on its political sagacity , and recommended the Parliament to encourage that spirit of union , by the aid of which the "Government might find force sufficient to maintain intact the dignity of the country , and preserve the noblo principle of national independence from any insult . The King concluded as follows : " Have confidence in me , find by our union we will crown the grand edifice raised by the hand 3 of my father , and which , mine will defend and preserve . " M . Brainier , director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in France , and having the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary , was present at the royal . sitting in the diplomatic tribune .
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An interesting and significant event took place at Turin on the loth instant , on the opening of the new Protestant church of tho Waldenses , whose name , and simple and devoted faith brings to the proud recollection of Englishmen the great days of Oliver Cromwell , when England was not palsied by dynastic complicities , nor slow to assert her might in the cause of justice and liberty . The church of tho Waldenses , Valdesi , or Vaudois , commenced in the autumn of 1851 , was consecrated by tho performance of two full services , one in Italian and one in French , the congregation in the morning amounting to about 1200 , and that of the evening to about 1000 or 1100 . This congregation counted among its members , besides thoso who belong to tho ancient
and pure faith of tho Valleys , including those who have joined this church lately , many liberal Catholics , not only Piedmontese , but Lombards , Tuscans , Romans , and Neapolitans ( noble exiles who have taken refuge beneath the only cis-Alpino constitutional flag ) . A few Swiss , and Germans , and English were also present . Tho ancient protectors of the Vaudois , England and Prussi . i , were represented by tlio English Minister and his attache ' s , and by the Prussian Charge d'Affnires . The church , which is said to hold about 1200 , is in one of the best new streets of Turin , Via del Kc , a kind of Boulevard , and its architecture , tho Lombard o-Gothic , recalls that of the purer times of Italian religion . A lar ^ e concourso of people was present at the solemnity , so full of happy auguries of Italian freedom , and tlio proceedings passed oft' in perfect order and harmony .
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Italy has just sustained a nevero loss by tho death of ioram . Mso Gross!—next to Manzoni , hoi- most distinguished literary man . Though the author of several pooiitMl works , he is best known in England as tho writer of " Marco Visconti , " one of tho few n ° u . l It'ili . iu novels . Ho whs tho bosom friend of Manzoni and ALis . iimo d'Azoglio , and although , like tho former , lit ) did not take any activo i > \ rt in politics , curiousl y enough ho was tho notary who diowup and attested tho act effusion between Piedmont and Lombardy in 18-18 . The treaty of commerce and navigation hot ween tho Zollverein tuul Belgium of tho lnt September , 1841 , and tho additional convention of tho same treaty , dated tho 18 th February , 1852 , willecaso to have effort at the end of the your ; and tho negotiations with Belgium for ' the conclusion of a now arrangement by convention have not yet led to any result .
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There has boon a very heavy fall of . snow at Vienna . A duel has taken place at Madrid between tho Duko of Alba and Mr . Soulo " , jun . sou of tho United States envoy . Tlio parties fought with nword . s , but fortunately without either being wounded ; and it ended in tho uecond . i drawing up a minute of tho proceedings as having been conducted in r ninnner satisfactory to tho honour and reputation of bofcli parties . It whh also agreed thnt tho Id torn which hnvo passed between tliein should bo mutually withdrawn . Tho Bank of Han Fernando advances tho money required
to pay the Christmas dividend on the home and foreign debt . The terms are 6 per cent , interest , with £ per cent , commission on the foreign dividend , and £ per cent , on the home dividend . Political matters are in complete suspense in Spain . . The Queen is expecting her accouchement ; the Prime Minister « ill : and the . coup d ' etat is at least deferred . It is reported that Sartorius contemplates the abolition of the Seriate , and the creation of a single Assembly , elected , as in France , by ' universal suffrage—under Napoleonic conditions of votingwe suppose . Russia is causing apprehensions in the North of Europa as well as in the East . According to advices from Copenhagen , it is asserted that a line of defence round the capital against an attack by sea is to be thrown up as in the year 1848 , and that a corps of artillery has already received orders to undertake the necessary works .
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In the China SDas "the Russian squadron is displaying considerable activity . It has been well received by the Japanese whom it had visited , following in the track of tho American squadron . One of the Russian ships engaged in this expedition bears the ominous title of "Prince MenschiJcoff . "
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CITY MATTERS . The festival of St . Thomas is a great day in the City . Then the wardmotes are held , and the Common Councilmen and ward-officers are elected . This year it fell on Wednesday . A 3 was to be expected , the Royal Commission Was discussed in several wards ; and as the resolutions agreed to express the feelings of the citizen we append them . - , In Aldersgate the following resolutions were carried : — " Proposed , —That this ward congratulate their fellowcitizens on the inquiry now in progress before the Royal Commissioners into the uses and abuses of the corporation of the city of London , and have reason to hope that by the manner in which that inquiry is conducted such information will be elicited as will insure an efficient measure of corporate reform .
" That it is desirable that the city of London should take some public means of expressing their undiminished attachment to municipal institutions as the best bulwarks of constitutional manarchy , the preservers of self-government , and the true barriers of feudality . " That the great obstructions , sa much and so properly complained of , to the commerce of the port of London in tha obsolete enactments under some of the lute charters are matters with which the corporation have no connexion whatever ; they are chartered rights conferred on a class , and the knowledge of their existence , and their galling injustice , were patent to the Government , and published in tho Commons' report previous to the passing of the general measure of municipal reform in ISoa . " " ounrcrt ok a rnoposKD new cokpokation .
" That it confer the franchise on all paving-scot and bearing lot ; that the magistrates shall be elected by their fellowcitizens ; that the whole of tlio elections in Common-hall shall be by the citizens generally , and not , as now , by the liverymen ; that the Court of Aldermen , as a court , shall have no separate power over the city purse ; that the right of calling on the livery companies to produce accounts and see to the due administration of the funds entrusted to them shall lie in the Aldermen and Court of Common Council ; that the old oflicers bo eligible for re-election . " Here are expressed the views of Cripplegatc Within : — "That this wardmoto accepts with much regret the resignation of its late representative , Mr . Francis Itaunoch , and , while ottering the expression of its sympathy with liirn under the circumstances which have led to his retirement
from the Court of Common Council , desires to place upon record the expression of its hi ^ li estimation of his upright , consistent , and earnest advocacy of all measures calculated to promote , not only the reform , economy , and improvement of the corporation of London , but also tlio happiness and wellbeing of his fellow-men ; that it . views with great satisfaction the inquiry under tho Royal Commission , wlndi promises to result in placing on a more satisfactory basis the affairs of the corporation ; that ic ia nioro deeply impressed than over w th the necessity for Mich an enlargement of tlio municipal constituency as shall g ive to all ratopnyern a voice in tho election of its ollieers , who have control over the expenditure of the funds of tho corporation ; « n « l it further expresses tho opinion that all restraints upon trade and its free and legitimate exercise within tho city should bo abolished , anil that th « prohibition of individuals- other than freemen from trading within its walls is impolitic and unjust . " Tho ward of i ' arringdon Without canio to these
conclusions : — " That this wardmoto , forming a largo proportion of the city about one-fifth of tho whole , views with deep interest tho lfoyiil . Commission now inmiiiiug into tin ; cprporation o £ tho city of London , mid trusts that it will lead to a great improvement in tho inhnngcment of its aA ' . ura , ho that it may bo restored to what it once was , and ought to bo , a pattern of sound , efficient , mid useful municipal government to tho metropolis and to tho country . " Thnt , in tho opinion of this wurdmoto , all encroachments on our municipal institutions ar . ) dangerous to tho Hbortiea and prosperity of Kngland ; and tho wardmoto pledges itself ; to support all eil ' orta of the Court of Common Council to perfect mid strengthen the corporation of tho city of X ^ ondoa us an iimtitution of true and genuine nclf-government . "
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deceive even Lord Aberdeen . The attack was sharp but E ffectual . The Russians made a reconnoissance with two * l mor « five cun-boats , and four battalions of riflemen , Sis s « d destroyed the Turkish batteries below Matsa T . Their - loss waa severe . Matschin is a Turkish fort ° m , the rigMbank of an arm of the Danube , which ( says the Times ) the Russian * probably intended to convert into a tete : dej > ont opposite ( there own fortress at Brailow .
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December 24 , 1853 ] THE LEADER . 1231
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Count Valentine Estcrhazy goes as the new Austrian ambassador to St . Petersburg , and Count Appony , late Austrian miuister at Turin , ia appointed to the embassy at Munich .
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According to an inquiry instituted by the Eoyal Agricultural College at Berlin , the deficiency in the corn harvest is found to be ten per cent , on wheat . .
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Abd-el-Kader is living a very retired life at Broussa , engaged in study , in the cultivation of poetry , and the education of his children .
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 24, 1853, page 1231, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2018/page/7/
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