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VOL . Y . No . 202 . ] SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 4 , 1854 . v [ I ^ ieB Si » bk © £ . . t '¦" ... . : " . " ... 1 /; , * ,- ' ¦ . j
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"VTOTWTTHSTANDING the signs of embarjl \ rassment which preceded the opening of the session , Ministers have succeeded in taking up a better position than any Government has occupied for a long time . The anticipated difficulties were considerable : Ministers "were committed to a Reform Bill , by their own voluntary pledges at a time when Reform itself ^ however popular in the main idea , would be an entangling trouble ; they were suspected of anti-national conduct —
unluckily for him , unrecognised ; the Turk recognised at once by the costume of himself and hia suite , and cheered with the heartiest cry that English lungs can throw forth . ~ - Within the House of Lords of course all was magnificence and order ; save in the rush of the Commons , who showed their loyalty by tumbling in like school-boys . From this point the proceedings became more unequivocally unsatisfactory . The Speech which the Queen received from the Lord Chancellor , suited to her clear and emphatic utterance , was succinct , plain , and business-like ,
should be encountered . It has been officially announced at St . Petersburg that the Russian Ax } :: miral was prevented oKon attacking Trebizond only by the weather . . - The Russians , therefore , are to attempt that which the joint fleet is to prevent by force of arnasf a state oiPintehtiOn on either side which > implies the necessity of speedy collision . . ¦' ;• ¦ : *¦ : ¦ ¦¦¦¦ .
In the meanwhile the most energetic preparations are made in all quarters to increase the strength of our forces , afloat and ashore . The enlistment of Voast-guard volunteers , and the construction of fortifications , are pushed with vigour ; while high wages and pressing orders keep the dockyard hands in full work . The English fleet in the Tagus is ordered to' the commanding position of the Nore . Thought even has been turned to the arming of the commercial steam-ships ;
pronounced , however , to "be onl y ; fit for use as armed troop-ships . In short , . Ministers are preparing , at home and on impOrtani stations abroad , for action . The position of Austria becomes critical . Lord John Russell * explained how Ministers stand towards that power . Sbd has already , with Prussia , joined in the declaration of the Pout Powers , that the present war in the EaBt ought not to alter the territorial relations of Russia and Turkey ; arid diplomacy regards this statement aa a gain , though of course it will be superseded by altered ^ circumstancea . Lord John hopes that Austria may se . e
her own interest in acting with the European powers , by which she would prevent war from being introduced into the heart of Europe . A distinguished capitalist , who deals with states , lately observed that " Austria will side with the strongest ; " and if we slightly correct that statement , and say that Austria will side with that power which appears strongest , we shall perhaps be near the truth . At present sbe is evidently puzzled between consciousness of the strength of Russia and of the W « st .
Whatever may be the technical success of the mission entrusted to Count Orloff , for drawing away Austria from the union with the Four Powers —whatever may be the decision of Austria to the request of the Czar , that her neutrality sball not be hostile to him , —it is evident that the neutrality is imperfectly sustained . Austria , who lately compelled Turkey to retract from the attempt to reduce her own subjects in Montenegro ,
and helps Servia to " be neutral , grants a free passage over Hungary for the officers of the Russian army . ( Still , the language held by Ministers a , t
though still keeping to the vague and stinted language which is the set fashion of such . documents ! . It announces a state of war between Turkey and Russia , the failure of the endeavours to restore peace , and the desire of the Queen for an augmentation cf her arms in order to support her representations as to the necessity of peace . ' This meagre statement of the Speech , however , was followed up by explanations on the part of Ministers which are complete . Lord Clarendon , Lord Aberdeen , and Lord John Russell collectively supplied the explanation , and { he published despatches support their statements .
It seems that the account we have had through the French press is in the main substantially correct ; the Governments of France and England throughout , and still , acting together as one Cabinet . Every effort has been made to facilitate Russia in retreating from her hostile attitude ; but Ministers do not conceal that they expect no success in their continued
endeavours for peace . Having learned to distrust the word of Russia , they do not lose time because Russia still " negotiates , " but are actively preparing for war . Indeed , Russia may be said now to have ceased to negotiate ; after demanding a categorical reply to questions respecting the attitude of the allied fleet ia the Black Sen , the Russian Ministers in Paris and London have received their reply , which of course informs them that the attitude of that fleet is not purely neutral ; and the Russian ambassador at St . James ' s , breaking off diplomatic relations with the British Court on Thursday , was to leave London to-day , simultaneously with his colleague in Paris . We are , therefore , formally in a hostile attitude , and by this time wo must be practically at war . The English fleets have received two sets of orders , one enjoining them to defend Turkish vessels and territory from aggression , and the other giving more peremptory directions incase Kusaian vessels
English backwardness ia the East ; and they were -supposed to have connived at the" unconstitutional encroachment of the Prince Consort on the authority and functions of the Executive . Differences had existed in the Cabinet , and it was averred that Lord Aberdeen , absolutely repugnant to undertaking the responsibility of war , would as long as possible subject the honour of the country to sacrifices in favour of peace , and would then abandon his post . The very ceremouy of opening Parliament was threatened with a kind of
disturbance unprecedented in the present reign . The last prognostic was not altogether wanting in fulfilment . The crowd gathering to witness the progress of the Queen to Parliament was immense , and it presented all the characteristics of an English mob . There were in the balconies , and in a line along the streets , crowds of welldressed people , whose manners showed comfortable life and education ; but there was also lining
the streets a dense mass of Londoners , some of them stunted in stature , too large a proportion squalid in condition , suspicious in eye , rude , and undisciplined . The Queen and her Consort approached in state ; their path kept by soldiery , and the carriages surrounded by household officers in the sumptuous costume calculated to impress the English mob with the most material signs of the luxury and power that reign at Court . Tho Queen appeared unaltered in
aspect ; the Prince , it was generally observed , looked a little paler than usual , and on his guard . Tho cheers were more partial than the Queen has been accustomed to hear ; nnd under the cheers , occasionally interrupting the friendly sound , there was something between a murmur and a hies . It did not come out ; as if the discontented only tried the effect of their own voices , waiting to see who would answer . An Ambassador occasionally dashed by , before the Queen came ; the llusaian
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NEWS OF THE . WEEK— " « Sanitary Movement at Oxford ... 108 I What is Court Dress in America ? 110 LITERAWRETfce Parliament of the W « ek 98 Wreck af the Tayleur-Iuquest . 100 The Lancashire- Strikes md "I T r * — - Sitting of Convocation 102 Miscellaneous ioe Lock-Outs . —II . Lancashire ^^^ ' ^>"' % "'^^ ir ' lY U 5 Lord ^ almerston and Re forma- PUBLIC AFFAIRS- * Cotton-Spinning 110 c iP 8 r * 2 - m — - Y ^ W * nm . tory Schools 102 PUBLIC affaixs A " Stranger" in Parliament m Memoiw-n .... 1 . U .. J ., / . -116 Political Banquets .-. 103 - The Position of England 107 The Qermau Powers—lit . Alii- ,- ;— : — . ,. ?; letters from Paris < 103 Manning of tho Navy \ m ance of England with a " Con- Birth * M&rriairAq andTtoatfco * lif Continental Notes 103 Omissions in the 8 pe * h "Z 2 108 stitationall ^ russia . " 113 ^ f ^ 'Jw ^ JJ ™ " UT War Symptoms at Home 104 Prince Albert ; . 109 «„ - .. # ~/ v ... i ~ .. COMMERCIAL , AFFAIRS— ¦>' . ¦ / > Strikes and Wapes—the Center- The Conference of Strikes and OPtN COUNCIL- Cifcrliitelifeeiuse . Markets AH " ' eneeattheSoctetyofArts 104 I *<* -Out 8 10 » The labla-Talk of the Czar 114 ^^ mtef ^^ S .. ^ " U 7 * 120
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 4, 1854, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2024/page/1/
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