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(Myi l . A m tllM^ffnti*^ ;&/£*( I (14-4*1 fi* - • ¦ " ' ¦¦ '¦ ¦¦
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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(Myi L . A M Tllm^Ffnti*^ ;&/£*( I (14-4*1 Fi* - • ¦ " ' ¦¦ '¦ ¦¦
ttetatt .
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Cms TOtolr i&e news reaches us of the death ^ of 8 wno Psuo&o , whose [ M | £ h . e . ti $ story of his wrongs Le Mie Pngiane is taown all ov « r Europe . Be vxuu i » his j&tj ~ fl £ xth year , and it is only wonderful that he lived so tfeitgr ^ differing at he did iron th « pulmonary , disease brought on by the li « dsh ^ PB joif' tenjrears * imprisonmenti Headers of Italian are familiar with l& etigj&tngedy of Fraiicesca da -Rtw * i » f-i , and read it with some reflex of Ultafest . from , the author ' s owa story . ffcvraa in 1820 that Fhixico was «? Sfltoc | ttrQne'Of the Carbonari . For tea : years he remained ia Spielberg - ^ praaon he and Andbtanb have made a familiar horror . The Amnesty ^ iaat * r « ieajtt > d . hain since that period hie has been Librarian to the Marehea Babolo . J » Italy of late years he forfeited the sympathy which BSl ^ ^ wQet ^ Qgshad excited , by renouncing his old opinion * and siding with the ^ . ^** ih ^ 1 ^ * ' ' ¦¦ ¦ ¦ . .
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¦ Jk&ant&Qtaa&mtmxi tin& tQ uaoa the disputedBacouiajs phrase " Know-It ^ g ^ : i » pO ( iceai ^ " a «^ 8 it is not in the Advancement o / Learning nor the Z ? e Jt>iimtia r ; i ^* fc 1 fc& ** e to seek the phrase , bat m t&e fflomtm Organum ^ of ^| h |^ j 6 hft i ^^ agihorisni £ a Strientia et patentty huntana in idern- coincidunt , ^ 9 t a ^ ^ &m ^ ^ ioxM ^ ledge andhamaa power exactly coincide , " is sorely the « nncsf ; thna ^;^ Ifctaij ^ that knowledge ( with awn ) is power ; especially when •' l ^^^ jjKfijtiiHrifigffl ' % ; oanjiexion with the nee ampltits sett a » Bpotest ( n& ^ 4 l&j ? # s ^^ ; V % ^ rap 4 ^ ^ r ^ th ^ apJiorism ,-as ^ -translated by Wood , ia order to ; ^< ii ^^^ i |!^^^| ' the phrase knowledge is p < Mrerj i » bat an- el&p * is o £ iS&B&S ^ i ^ &B ^^ " Knowledge and human power are synonymous ,
tftlffBi fliji igawiiarci of thei entse frustrates , the effect ; tor nature is only 4 mbdned by submission , and -that , which m eonteniplative philosophy cor-^ B ^|^ , i ! p || : |^|^^| SiGi : ^ iii fpiactical ^ cienfie become * the rule . " J » Bacos s | i |^ t 0 i ^^ f ^| : j 0 ^^ V ,. -. ^^| idte /^ jjft ^ paSb ^ ie ^^ ' yitlfc , tfaq € h % anum ia W 20 , .-and i ^| iEt ^ l ^|^ e ^ pr ^ d | y ^ ; , lmi ' ' izttpiroperfyi pr « &c ; e < d ; fo' the Zk ^ 4 « gr ; neK ^ published ^^|^ ip ^^^; e ^^| nter ^^ hce similar to that which allows the ifejgyilteiig ^ occupy its present place , in * tei& ^ : |» fcg < ^ there is this afcuanoli ^ minister and interpreter of nature ffijjj ^ ttjjTwa ^^ iW ^' - , po far as he haa oSserverf tne order , the worts , and mind of wtB ^ , a ^ c 0 a | WocoMi » o J&riher . „ ^ * whence those twin , intentions , Jl « jtoW * n < wk ^ a * rf ftuman tw ^^ ... ¦ i ' vffi . ij- &Vj .-fi jmjfr S \ . -- ' . i' • ¦ ¦ » - ' - 'filke . British JSeview
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1 ^ . ^ l ^^ si , ^ pii ^ fv 4 ^ KV ^ £ &NSir C ^ C North opens yr ' tih sat elaborate mrix ^ tm Shmisperian Jjsxt ^ in which that delicate and intricate subject il difieaAsed ^ witfai * n amotmt of common : sense rarely combined with such ^ e ^ al Knowt | edge ^ Xt is hy far the best criticism we have reed , and must unti bftpMffti Trrr by any etudent . No fears of " dryness"" and fribblefeaiiitle about wqrds need deter htm from this essay ; the writer has knowteftgi and uses it : he does not parade it . He makes it an instrument , not a tWK $ .. A ^ a , apeeimen of his style , here is a passage easjly separable from the testy aafefturih , separating : it relates to the connexion between Thought 3 J U * JsxpresBion . ' 4 ' ^ IjafcCOWMffiWiWbich expression has with thought ia nraeh more intimata than many jjCOTijtotagmtun , They have , been taught to regard it as merely something in which thought 'U . tjra ^ f ^ . Rttt-facpreawion is much more than the dress of though t . It would be nearer thfty > a rlp ^( i call uVth * blossom of thought , or to say thai it was to thought and emotion wl >§ f theflune / k to its sustaining heat . It is not a foreign annexation to thought , but its outgrowth or jrodttCt , its continuation , a part of itself . It springs from the thought , as ^ o nch w tfce portion- of the phunt that ia visible above the ground springe from what of it is Ittfttan below . Tfec two-ar © really , so to speak , one substance , or the one is only the other mfcdiflElgent fern * . Thia seta expression very high . It ia the reflection of thought , if you ^ yfll ^ o ^ itecpictnre ^ oar- ite impression , or it is thought crystallised , or reduced from the fluid « C ; gueflMite > tb « solid state . ; , in any way of looking at it , or figuring it , i t is still niimjtjillj thonght . It follows , that , generally . speaking , or in every case in which the <« BDBiMgioa . is of , anj moment at all , there can be only one adequate expression for the same ^ gffj rh < L Change tihe expression , and you change that which is expressed . You change , if SU ) i aettwlly the thing said , at least , in a greater or less degree , the effect with which it is 4 Hlld ^ ~ AhaT the more complex , or subtle , or delicate the thought , the more liable it is to be -afftietyd ^ any alteration of tne words in which it is conveyed . In . no writing that is reallj ajrtfiftic ' dm even » , 8 yU * We be altered except for cither the- botter or the worse . '** 3 t i&cammoa 1 o > tawtf both in talk and in print , with the notion that it is only the writer cf iftforipr gwunir . « r loo true , genias at all , whose compositions are very much dependent for their effect upon the words which he employs . The original thinker , it is argued , or the great imrinfcivw po « t ,-i » ed « car <»| y mind m what words bo expresses himself . His power , whichx xfflidet in lu * matter ,, will make * itself be felt through any disadvantages of manner . Or . Utlum ^ h bin expresau > n should to a considerable extent b > e lost or corrupted , it would bo « £ lime consequence . So long ** enough reinnins from which to gather his meaning , we have all that we need to care for . And the example which is most frequently appealed to by oar English preachers of this doctrine is that of Shakespeare . Any of his plays , we are told , witt , after all , interest and cbarm an unsophisticated reader as much in the worst text or edition as in the best . The other qualities or ingredient * of the work make as , or ought to make us , quite forget the words .- We hav « the story , we have the characters , the situation , the meeting and contending passioDS , all that constitutes the action of the drama ; we Lave alLftnat really makes the imitation of life and nature in the ever animated and pictured pajje ; even the twh and felicitous imagery , and the deep philosophy , cannot be more than very sli g htly obscured , and that in most cases ouly for a moment , by any injury which the expression may have sustained . Nothing , in short , is destroyed ; some things are only made perhaps , a little , more difficult of apprehension , or a little less striking at first sight , than they would otherwise have been . The royal form is unmistaJteable , for all the beggar ' s rags thit flutter about it . ^ Kow we will not deny that something of all this does or may oc casionally happen , What-« VOr-be the field or the object of contemplation , only let the mind he strongly excited , and there
is aerdly any deformity in what it admires that it will not overlook , or anj deficiency which k will not in some sort supply out of its own resources . But the creative power thus called into activity is always dependent , at least for the character or quality of what it produces upon the native capacity and acquired intelligence of the mind . * • * * * * " People who believe that the perfection of the expression is little or nothing in writing , are usually ,, in truth , indebted for their simple creed to their want of the requisite amount of qualification and perception to enable them to judge of such matters . They are much in the condition of those lovers of music with whom the neglect of the sharps and fiats counts for nothing , and wfeo sometimes think their taste for melody all the truer and . pnrer on thafr account . It is no doubt an advantage which such a reader has over others in the perusal of a corrupted text of any great writer , that he is insensible or less sensible of its defects . What distresses a finer ; organisation , or a more learned and cultivated taste , gives him no annoy . ance . Flats or sharps , true concords or false , in tune or out of tune , it is all * within certain liberal limits ,, the same to him , and very satisfactory music . It is as . good as he has any notion of or feeling for . But any higher excellence is a thing for which , he has no sense , and all art properly sq called is thrown away upon him . - His coarse and ondiscriminating voracity is a hunger only , not a taste . "
The rest of the Review is less remarkable than usual , but there is a paper on Arago ' s Life and Discoveries and one on Herodotus , done with great care which will interest classes of readers . CkambertP ' 8 Journal , which commences a new series this year , and in that new series a novel by Leitch Ritchb and a work on America by WIuliam Chambers , is but slightly altered from its old familiar character ; one change , that of giving a monthly retrospect of the Sciences , Arts , and Literature , is , a good change , but it will need more careful execution . One more suggestion : in the last number it has copied into its columns , the article on Bstffos ' s misquoted , aphorism , which appeared in the Leadery but there is no acknowledgment of the source ; in future , when that compliment is paid to us or to others , it wiH be well to complete it by acknowledgment .
A new political and industrial journal lor the workings classes ha * been started by Mr .. William Kbwton , under the title of The EngUs } iman y in three halfpenny weekly numbers . Its object is well stated in- the followin g ftirect and calted-for remarks r— ' u This Journal haa been commenced with a definite object and distinct aim . The establishment of a Journal which shall represent the working classes is one- of the necessary steps in the coarse of action , wlieh must sooner or later be entered upon . The age of miracles has long since closed , and that of works has commenced . It will not do to have faith in the-old watchwords which have so long been used to console those who are treated with , injustice . A belief in the rights of the people , and that those rights will grow into facts in the natural course of events , is as foolish aa looking for the harvest without -sowing t 3 ipi KOorl Tfc Ttuwr Ik > t . rnp fchni . in t . hn Inner nin frnfh ia » nn > tn nrovoil . hnf fkof -mil nnln ¦ m ^^^^^ b bvwh k ¦» k ¦¦ mwt % VVkK flv
w ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ v ^^ v ^^ ^ ^ r ^ m ^ - ^^^ ry ^ - ^ ^^^ v ^ ^ v ^^^ - ^ -v ^ ' « a vr ^ ^^ m ^ ^ nmr ^ m v ^ v * ^ v ^^ P' *^« ^ 0 ^ w ¦ ^^ v VKaw ^^ v ^ vV » 4 ^ a ^* mmmj happen where truth is backed by efforts as persistent and well directed as those which now uphold falsehood . In short , trust in abstractions will -leave us just where it finds as ; anc . the onl y remedy for our social and political evils is to labour , for . their overthrow :. We do notvwisb , when wesay this , io damp that enthusiasm which is necessary for the success of every cause , but to state our conviction that that enthusiam , when it takes the firm of a blind feith , ia right without' might , is justice without power , is . moral power without determined action to back it , is one of the most fertile , causes of tyranny and , serfdom . While we , believing in the justice of our cause , rely upon it rather than upon ourselves for success , those w , ho are on the side of injustice are striving earnestly- to fortif y their position . We are tempted to say that a bad cause without active courageous defenders is of greater importance and practical power than the good cause which is left to defend itself . "
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The article in the Times on cheap literature can enly be accepted with considerable qualification ; but the main truth it desires , to establish , of a decisive and prosperous tendency towards cheap literature , is oiie well ¦ worth consideration . The writer forgets , in the first place , that the Railway books are not books in the library sense , they are only another sort of newspaper or magazine . He forgets fhat his arguments mainly apply to works of amusement , and all that the Railway Literature really does is to supplant the Circulating Library . It would be of little use to publish Dtt « aij > &jewabt , or Sir William Hamilton , or FabadAt , or Owen , or Ghote , or even Horace Walpolb ( to select a few typical names ) , in Railway Libraries . Moreover the writer , in his historical sketch , omits at least two very striking examples of cheap publication of hooks , via .,. BLb » xlet ' s Standard Novels—a large series containing first-rate works—and Chapman and Hall's cheap edition of Dickers and Bulwee , in three-halfpenny numbers , commenced seven years ago .
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DOUBLED AY'S TRUE LAW OF POPULATION . The True Law of Population shewn to be connected uiith the Food of the People . By Thomas Doubleday . Third and Enlarged Edition . Smith , Elder and Co . Tnxs is a ve * y interesting-work , crowded with suggestive facts and statistics ; but the " True Law of Population" is assuredly not here set forth , for it is not a scientific law at all , and could only be accepted , even by those who accepted it without qualification , as an empirical generalisation pointing towards the law . Its value as an answer to Mat thus is one thing ; its scientific value another .
Mr . Doubleday is so modest in his statement , that the summary verdict just delivered must be substantiated , lest we be accused of the dogmatism he , in his own person , repudiates . To begin then , we believe it may be said that a Law of Population , to be a scientific law , must be a physiological , not a metaphysical generalisation—it must be the expression of the generalised facts or Reproduction . In other Avords , before we caju express tlxo Law of Population we must understand the conditions which determine the phenomena of Reproduction—until thai \ s accomplished , we can only make approximative and empirical generalisations . Now the present condition of science aeems not sufficiently advanced for such a deduction to be made , and Mr . Doubleday , indeed , makes no claim to any scientific foundation , modestly avowing
that" Tile nuthorby no means wishes to assume to himself credit for any { ronerul knowledge of physiology or natural bintory . Quite tho contrary . In truth , his knowledge of tliia class of subjects of human inquiry is extremely limited , and altogether imperfect . " He haa understated hFs knowledge , as this work allows , but we accept tha admission as bearing out our objection ; and having indicated tliia point we .
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itttica w » aofc tiie ljBg 0 alftfcoxsk bub th « judges and police of literature * The ; do not-XOftke ] aro » Hsh . ey interpret and try to enforce * them . —Edinburgh B&view .
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138 THE LEADER . . [ Sattjri > ay
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 11, 1854, page 138, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2025/page/18/
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