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against the commecceT of fcer foes . * It ie r indeed , time that tbe practice of privateering—or father buccaneering , should fee abolished . It ia suggested that * convention to tha * effect should fee agreed oh between England , the United States , and finance .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . Thb following i& the text of tiw manifesto of tbe Emperor Nicholas to his people , dated $ U Petersburg , February II "We , Nicholas L &c . We have already informed oar baloved and faithful subjects of tbe progress of our disagreements with , the Ottoman Porte . Since ; then , although nostJUties have oomnaenped , yre have not- ceased sincerely , to ¦ vriah , as we etairtmb , toe cessation of bloodshed . We entertained even tbft hope thai reflection and time would convince tbe Turkish Government of its misconceptions , engendered by treacherous instigations , in which our just demands , founded on treaties , hare b « en represented as attempts at its- independence , veiling intentions of
-aggran--disement . Vaia , however ,, bare been our expectations * bo far . The Enelishand French Governments haftre aided with lurkey , and tk& appearance of the combined fleets off Constantinople served as a ^ further incentive to its obstinacy ;; and now both the Western Powers * , without previously fle-< : laring war , have sent their , fleets iafce the : Black 15 ea ,, pro--clahning their intention to proteetrthe Turki c and to impede the freenavigatwo of our vessel * of war for -the defence : of cur coasts . After so unhesrdUof a Courar of proceeding among civilised nations we rscalted « or JSmhaseics , from England and France , and have broken off ail political ^ atercourse * itb . . tbos& Powers ; Thus * , England : m £ France lave sided with the enejaaies of Christianity Agalost Russia combating for tber orthodox faith . B « t Russia will not
id . My confidence is in God and in Hiftrjght ; and Russia , I will guarantee it , will know how " to . llhbw herself in 1854 what she was in T 8 T 2 . If , hbweVef . t ^ ar"Majesty , less indifferent to my honour , should franiw ' iretjiirn to oar programme—if you . will offer We a cordial Band , ss I now offer mine to yon , at this last moment— - ! ifflt wilfingty forget bow offensive the past has been to ia | ffcfeliogs . TBen . sire , hut then only , we may dtscusfc , ana perhaps come to an understanding . Let yonr fleet confflbti itself to pretest the Turks taking new forces to tbe theatre ; of war . I iwllihgly promise they shall have nothing to fear from attempts of mine . TLet them send me a negotiator , ofrcl I will give him a fitting reception . My conditions are known at Vienna . ' They are the only basis upon which t can trfcat . " . The French rejoinder to this hatijghty letter is in the
shape of a circular , issued by , the Ministry of Foreign Affairs lo a the diplomatic agents < if France . TJiis document in Its dignity , force , and moderation , ' is Worthy of ' the ' precfdiug papers from the same hand . M . Droayn de Xbnys einphaticaDy •* disavows the responsibility of results' * which Russia " will have to account for to history and to God . " He insists that the French claims ab 6 ut tha Itofy Places were settled in a conciliatory manner at the time ofth « arrival of Prince MenscWkoff at Constantinople , and that ; k Was the ^ claim raised By that ambassador upon , one point , after he ) fod obtained satisfaction umn another *" vrbich had , " tdttsed we : whole world . " The French Sfitifster fittiftttJtes t % th « failure of { attempts" at conciliairon to " ftn 4 > # ^ neibie b&riand that ea ^ tble
Sh « w ? ^^ T ^ Sl ^ S ^ * ^** *« & » sstfffif «^ 2 ssaaffl a ^ BthaHferSel * ' ^ S ^* ^*****! on the The Emperor , accompanied Ijy Isord ^» Res , Marshal Mgm » , arid the Cftamt Marshal of th * PaW . wentoi Friday afternoon to the Fort of Mont VatorWoi where soma experiments in battering in breach w « r # b « iag made in pr * . senqeaf a commission of central officers of the artillery ani engineers . ' The practice succeeded udmiraMy , th « waU faHingd « wn attne time calenlatsattodif , andafterthe ezftct number of straits indicated beforehand , tb * maBonarr whieh was built tea years ago . is 9 m . 6 « , thick , and is Wr streag : ' - .- *•¦ . .. ....-. ]* Th « Asgerttbl&Nattondte , Baslaan « 8 d F " tt * ionist organ , wndef the direction « f M . QuiKoV . has bc « a suspended ' 1 > t decree fist , two months , fur 1 t& ; persista ^ in advocating an an ^ i-national policy . It ha * issued a 4 fttioe to its-&& ScrlkertJ , that at the expiry of to * fWi ttofiths it wffl r ^ appeairSr - • ¦ . ¦ ¦ " ' < ¦ Vv : ¦¦¦ ' ¦ ' . At » 'fecent cdncert given at the'Tiiiterte * , Signo # Mario , M . Battaille , Madame AlboniVand Hdlb . Cravelli wen the
ttacy ^; affirms domon | tt ; ati 6 n of Westerh Power ' s was preceded hy an tygr ^ ife act btt thepart of Bussia . " He contrasts the " appeal , to the EecoUectSbns' of T 812 " with the " unanimity of tfie ( Great Qabinctei '' and calls to witness tine conduct and poliicjr 6 f U «^ j | i ^| 0 ' *¦ Th > whole ; conduct of the Emperor Nap ^ feSfi SuMcierillj attests ttiAt . if he . be pfoud of the mhentance of ^ lory Ifeft him % the Bead of his race , he has neglected notKSg in ordei td tender fas accession 16 the throne a pledge of fl ^( S peace and tranquillity oftlie wt > rld . " , : ' The cohclacbng . ( passage , an tmansw-eTiible rtbnke to the religions cnisade annotonce < l by the Czat ^^ CjfcB en tire ;^~ - " Our epoch ^ -however troubled , had At lewt b ^ een etx ^ nipi trom one or tne enis wiucn mow aittWKathe watiqin
^ . former days—I mean tne Tt'ara ' of " rnipon , ^ Tow , Sdtvev ^ t , an echo or these disastrous tfrhes is made t 6 resotind in the ears of the Buasian people . There is an affectation of oppoS-1 ing the Cross to the Grescent , atsd an appeal ikinitdetpl fanaticism for that siipporl which canncfc be obtajhed fr 6 m j reason . France and ptigland need tdt defend tu « i »!< elves from the imputation mtm agaittsitheitt . They do not stip > j port Islamism against the ' orthodox < lreek faith . They ' l go to protect the Ottoman Empire against' the am- \ Hfious covetonsness of Russia . They go there with the conviction that the presence of their armies in Turkey j will destroy the prejudices , already much weakened , ! which still separate the different classes of the subjects i
of the Sublime Porte , and which cannot be resuscitated un- \ less the appeal sent from St . Petersburg , by prorokihgi hatred of ijaceand a revolationary explosion , should paralyse the generous intentions oT life ' Sultan , " Abdul-Medjid . For -us , sir f We ; 8 etkn » 8 ly belier « thati by giving ma support to Turkey -we shall be of wore use to the Christian faith than ih * CtovernriMOtj which uses it as an instrument to advance its temporal ambition . Russia is too oblivious , in , the-repreaches she makes against others , that she ja far £ f 5 m ' exercising . in , her own empire , in raexence to thesects . not j professing the dominant fiaitb , a tolerance , eaual to that to 1 which the Sablime Porte has a good right to Jay honourable claim ; and that if she were to display less apparent zeal for the Greek religion beyond her frontiers , and more . charity ;
towards tlie CathdUo reugion , at home , she would better ) obey tbe law of Christ , wfcuch she so pompously invokes . " The Monilevr announces that on . Tuesday evening the Committee of the Legislative Body , headed by its President , went to the Tuileries to present to the Emperor tae bill authorising the loan proposed by the Government , which was unanimously agreed to on the preceding day % the 288 ' members present . Tho whole chamber accompanied the Committee . The President , M , vETilfault , addressed the Em-, perora » follovB : ~ " Sire , —We bring to your . Majesty the law i which you presented to as yesterday , and which we lave today unanimously agreed to .. Upon this occasion the whole Legislative Body was desirous of accompanying 'its
Committee in order to exhibit to Europe the testimony which it offers to the Emperor of its entire confidence and its most , determined support . ' * Tbe Emperor replied . — " I feel much emotion at the enthusiasm ( empressement ') displayed hy you in agreeing to this bill . Tour concurrence proves to me that X was not mistaken in the course £ have adopted . How could I do otherwise than reckon upon your support ? We have all the same sentiments ; we all represent the same interests , for you as well as I were elected Thy France . " In the report of the Committee the following reply to an
insolent allusion of the Emperor Nicholas ocenrs ; - — " Our country , which is reminded of the disasters of 1812 . has no peed to remind its enemies that they , then bud on their side the rigour * of a winter more invincible than their arms . It might oppose to them otter glorions souvenir * , but it is better to oreata new one * . In accord with the . country , the Emperor did not wish to draw the sword . But since we are drivm to it , the war must be rapid , energetic , and decisive . " On Thursday the Senate met to nea r nnd discuss the report on the loan of 260 , 000 , 00 Of ., which was votod without hesitation .
Marshal St . Arnaud as expected to leave for Turkey im - mediately . Ha has had . a relapse , but persists in the command of tho expedition . His wife accompanies him to Constantinople . Ho is to receive 60 , OOOf . a month over and above his ordinary pav and other emoluments , besides 400 , 000 f . for his preiinainary expenses , outfit , &c- Prince Napoleon Jororao , it is aaid , will not leave before April . Ho has attached to his peoon , and will take with him a rich Polish refugee , Count Branioki , who La lieutenant-colonel of tho staff of the National Guard of the Seine . Ordera have reached Toulon for a large embarkation of troops between tho 15 tl » und 20 th inst . Four men-of-war from Toulon are destined for tho reinforcement of tie Baltic
Defray her hody callings and , 3 fi pnemies infringe hex ; fron--tiers , we-are -ready to meet them with the firmness bequeathed to us by our forefathers * Are we not still the : * ame Bussian > nation * of . wheae exploits the memorable events of 1812 bear witness ? May the Almighty assist ns -to prove this by deeds .. "With this hope , conabatinj ; for our persecuted brethren , followers ( rf the faith of Ghriat , with -one accord Jet-all Russia exclaim— O Lord , oar Redeemer ! -whom shall we fear ? May Gcd be glorifieti , and His ene-^ mies be scattered I' ' , " St- PetBEshurg , 9 f 21 ) Feb ., 1854 . " The reply ( signed in the original by his own band ) of the Emperor of Bassia to the Emperor of the French , is published in the Journal de-SU Petersburg in its number of the
12 tb < 24 tlO Febmary with thi » introduction : —k " The Moniteur Zmiversel having , in its official part published a letter addressed to his Majesty the Enaperor , by the Emperor of tlie French ^ we are authorised to publish , whilst we reproduce that document , -the reply of oar august Sovereign . " The letter is dated ( LSt . Petersburg , 28 th January ( 9 th February )^ V 2 &W ¦ . We briefly-condense this imperial catalogue of falsifications , availing ourselves of the very able -and searching abstract we find in the Austrian journal , . the Lloyd , : ¦ . . The Empeior begins in a strain of irony , ' by re-appropriating the words which concluded the appeal of Louis Napoleon , and which were in effect the very "words employed on a former complimentary bocasion . br the > Czar himself ini a lattar nf orni « n > iifnlafinn tn Iraa '' imnA , € r ' mnft immaAiatairrl
after the coup ( £ eUU : —~ , * ' I dare affirm , and my conscience tells it to me , ' that I have remarn , ed true' to ' tbit programine , ' viz . : 4 the maintenance of order , the love of peace , the respect of treaties , and mutual ! ffoo&vnlU I have ' always endeavoured to maintain friendly ( ftfertweBsntes ) relations with France ' in the affair which' separates ws ^ and tftc origin of which ¦ does not come from me , " The salient points of the letter , after this promising introduction , are :- ~ l . That Rnssia- had demanded no more than the continuation of the rights and privileges guaranteed ! to the members of . the < Gr *» k Church by the existing treaties . 2 . That the occupation qf th « Principalities 1 'was principally brought about by the appearance of the
French fleet at Salamis . 3 . That the object of France « . nd England ought to have been tb persuade Turkey to yield to Russia , and the neglect of this duty is considered the principal cause of th . e hostilities . The veracious and orthodox Emperor declares that h « has " demanded nothing else than what was consequent upon treaties ; " that he had " declared his wish to remain on the defensive , bvA before the exjilosian of the war ( a superfluous engagement ^ , < xs long as mil honour and interests allowed me ( an elastic promise ) , as long as it Yemaimd within certain limits- ( which he could at any time overstep ) . " In other word * , the Emperor of Russia was to be the master and not the slave of his ¦ word , and in all his solenw , promises to include certain mental reservations . But a- still more unconscionable assumption , on the part of this meek soldier of Christ , is , that the appearance of the combined fleets in the 2 Egean , a sea open to all the world , was a sufficient justification for
Russia's invading the territories of another power . An error of dates , which the Journal des Dibatt corrects , may be given as a final specimen of Russian veracity . The Russian Emperor states the occupation of bhe Principalities to have been " prece&ati , and in grmat part brought about , by an important previous occurrence , tlie arrival of the combined fleets in the neighbourhood of the Dardanelles . " Now , it has been demonstrated that the instructions to the British Ambassador to send for tho fleet were not despatched from London till tho lat of June , and could not have been known in St . Petersburg before th « 7 Uh or 8 th of that month , wrhereos the resalution of Russia to occupy the Princi palities had been taken on the 81 st of May . Tho missive , af ter resuming the conditions offered by France , concludes as follows : — " Would you , sire , yourself , if you wore in my pUoo , aocept snob , a position ? Would your national spirit permit you to do so ? 1 boldly say no . Grant to me , then , tha right to think as you do . Whatever yonr Majesty maj decide , it is not threats that will make mo give
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According to the latest advices from Constantinople , Jiostinties were still suspended in Asi « , in consequence of the extreme cold . Sixty piecos of artillery had been landed at Treblzond and Batonm . The news of tho rupture hetwreea Russia and tho Western Powers had been received with tho liveliest satisfaction . On tho 18 th the French steam-frijjate Hfotiador returned to tbe Bospborns , after a reconnatssetnee as far as Kuffa , where she saw six RusBun line-of-battlo ships and several frigates . „„ ., « . The Sultan baa given Omer Pacha a new proof of his confidence , by nominating him Generalissimo of the Turkish army of tho Danube . Hithertp the Marshal has been Commander-in-Chicf of tho army of RoumelU .. The new Cnp-udan Paclid has arrived from Adrianoplo , th « people of which were sorry to lose him . Oh the 23 rd ReBchid Pacha ' s son . All < Xalib Pacha , was married to the Sultan ' s eldest daughter .
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Max «» 11 , 1854 ] * H E L E AO MR . ^ lM < ^ " ^ " - - ^ ' ¦ g ^^ g ^_^ _ jMMMi ^ — ; — _ — _ ¦¦ ¦ . .. . . * _
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, tfW £ n ^ S ^^^^^ Niil ^ «^ hL » nMMl » j- « id ha ^^>^ ^ jum ^ tl ^ mpeiw . Prince Lucien Bonaparte , ^^^ . ^ M ^^ m ^ Wmxia . haf left Paris for Italy ,, on a ' Bge <^ -m ^ fi $ ^ $ r ^ miTxenSU Goyerament ^ . ; , ' J V'" ~ V ' . _ j- ' ' ' _ „ Th ? fimnerbr of BussTahas wcttten a t ^ uffl $ ffi $ & Mathilde daughter of Prince Jerome BonapaHef an ^ pnfe & the Bussian Prince 3 ) emidoff , from whom , Bhe is jserarafed . reconamending , her to make ; use of tor ; iiQ ^ e ^^ wShe oji ^ nionaof the Emperor Napoleon in orderfjoa ^ idithe honK * of a seedless -wa ^ As tohiin 6 e ] F , he declar ^ ^ if ^ fic > be not done to his demands , he is perfectly determan . « t , TO maiatein the struggle . . „ > - . ^ V" ^ ^ Tfiipapers-havfbeen occnp ^ d : fbr aome ^ m ^ M . Mb . tU law proceediass instituted bv the- sbarehoiders of the
Conttfutibnnel nevvsp * per a ^ uwt ^^ eroOjUtS ilaie part Jtropnetor and manager , on the ground of an alleged ' unfair listrabution among them of tlie prtweeds of , tiBe « 4 e . The trial ^ which had beenjtoihjgjrti for severrf daya , vh 1 i 8 been jlist trpoght foa close . 9 f 5 ie ' pgfyaupniof ibejfearlS that TDr . V « roui shall refund to tbe shartholders tHe eiiqrnious suin of l , 18 C 0 O 0 f ., the proceeds of the sale hmngr been nearly 2 , j ) oe ^ oppf . >• .... ' , .. ; ¦ ' . * ¦ / - •' . % . * ¦ ' . ¦ .. . ' ; Spain is externtlly qniot agaia , and at Msdndthe CarnaTal has reigned supreme . But the political atmosphere isdarlfc and threatening . Senor Jfotvit ^ the Spanoah mn ^ teic ^ thepouyt of . St . James ' s , ' ;' lijka , " ibeen rec ^^^^ Jensiblyfor thie purpose of cbnsulting hini oricnn ' porl * ntfafS ^ , ; But ' liHe -nMlf-cnntm \ n Vrnnwn ' to h <> tna lniffinrtnttivn « vf l ? l «' 'in « ti » i- «»» iS .
cai . kct of ^ u&im % mimwS jmSmt their flagrant invquitiw ^ ^ o ^ tti ^» ^^ C 3 ^ lli press . Queen Christina ' s ^ org ^^^ pEspd ^ lj ^^^^ fif Sepqr Egana ,, ex < -31 inieiter or . ttej , I ( aterjor t , pfJnts . a ^ fumn& diab ; il ) e m this sensey , Qaeent ^^ t ^ liasMi ^ observed to pax ' particular , « ii « n ^ 6 n ^ 'to ^! M ^^ M ^ & weJJwe ^ wM . ^ Siiipart of some of UieJeaders ' ofibe UilejMfcX ^ iMime ^^ the ^ part of others , « hol theibeence of-a , i& lini ^ ., ah ^ ec ] S « SI porjpose , caused it to prove alwrtive . ^ , " iti . ^ o ^ r ^ T ^ irrilai - the ^ Madrid correspondent : of . & ^ i ^ m ^^ Ti ^ jjlAm ^ thence to argue that Spain » . cont ^^ ed ^^ a ^^ inoi ^ i ^ and above all , full of , respect and , afi ^ tio ^^^ t > tueen .
tented , miserable ,, ppverty stric > en ^ and eaiei ^ w a profound contempt For its Sovereign , " , * frt , ^ eyidlmfibr ) C « & ^ - tioaea that writer ^ the ^ aiiji of the ; P « flferit Idinistrj to ape the Govorument of Francfe ,. and to 8 ttt > stftnte material improvements for that politica ] l liberty which the SjWr iaiords have certainly not shown thenas ^ jlves capable pi e » j « ying . Weary / of discord , t ^ e , nation voiilil , probably ¦ . p 0 sfttiflffeflf to see tts mafcerial condUion ana « liorated , and td tronble itself no further for the . present aU constitutional sights . But lie case is very different We and irt France . "The lamentable state of the iiniincee , the corruption prevailing ; in , every department , the wholesoje f / audis upon the rev * nu ^ the inability pf Spanish capitalists . ^ om ^ fee further
advances , and the repugnance shqwn , by foreigners to risk iqwey , i ^ i a country by wliich thejr have so frequently 1 > eei » losers , and which offers no real guarantee , cripple the hands oi the Government , and threaten long , to confine their schemes to the paper on which they , are sketched . " 2 ^ 0 soUdiersof the Spanish , regiment of Infantry ! called the regiment of Cordova , which lias been dissolved , arrived on the 28 th ult . at Pan . They were accompanied by 45 civilians , who took part in tbe late revolt . The Lieutenant-Colonel who commanded them had died pu the march , of fatigue nnd cold . 142 aoldiers who ^ deserted from the regiment of Cordova made their submission on the 27 tto , and tho next day Lieutenant-Colonel Latorre , their commander , was taken aad conducted to Saragossar
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Leader (1850-1860), March 11, 1854, page 223, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2029/page/7/
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