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ordinary mission , was the bearer of the reply . of the Emperor of Russia to the autograph letter of the King of Prussia . " In this reply / ' says the Netty PrtttHan . Gazette , a the Czar offers to conclude pence ^ and to evacuate the Danabian . Principalities , if the rights which the Christian subjects of the Porte recently obtained through the intervention of France and England are guaranteed by treaties ; and if , in addition , the fleets of the Western Powers abandon the Black Sea and the Bosphoros . " If this nature of gnaiante « is accepted by the Western Powers and by the Porte , the Emperor of Russia declares himself ready to allow the rest to be settled bg the means of negotiation in a Congress , which might , for instance , be held atBerlin . **
Of oottrsftj this most be taken for what it is worth ; bat the fact that tome- proposals , have been made is generally admitted . It is looked upon as a step to facilitate the era-aon of Prussia , from the Western Powers . W 141 e there . is so much suspicion of the . Prussian Government , there is no room for doubting the sentiments of the Prussian people . Among the persons who gave confidential explanations to the committee tor considering the Government proposition for a loan was the Minister of War , and he is said to baye expressed himself thus : — *• Co-operation with Russia , under existing circumstances ,
said his Excellency-, may be set down amidst impossibilities . The union of Prussia with Russia would convert Germany into a theatre of war , with all its . fearful consequences . He wh « feels a spark of Prussian , or German love of country cannot harbour such a thought . Bat aneieat lawgivers , continned the general , omitted to include parricide in their penal code , because they held this unnatural crime as impossible , even , so most a union of Prussia with Russia be regarded , as totally unworthy ef consideration , since such union would have for Germany all . the character of murder . " The committee resolved to accord permission to raise the loa % conveying that permission to the Chamber in these VOMIM— - '¦ - " " - " /
"Whereas , 1 , in the present imminent' danger of way , there can be . no doubt as to the necessity of granting toe Gorernmentthe means required to enable . them to . upheld the honour and independence of the country , and protect the interests of the land ' ; and , whereas , 2 , the Governrnerit of his Majesty has declared its intention to abide still further by the pohcy It has hitherto * observed , and , in union with the Cabinets of Vienna , Paris , and London , and more particularly in plosest'co-operation with Austria and the rest of the German States , t « strive after the speedy restoration of peace on the basis of right and ius ' tice , the same as they are
expressed in the Protocols of the Vienna Conferences , while they at the sama'time reserve their liberty to decide subsequently on an active intervention , we recommend to the ' . Chambers to give their constitutional consent to ' the bill respecting the extraordinary necessities of the military budget for the year 18 ix 4 , and also the raising of the pecuniary means requisite for meeting the same " . There is reason to suspect - Baron Manieuffel of duplicity , and the Prussian Court generally with a- desire to side with Russia . The Prussian Princes have been appointed to high ootrimands ; one of them , Adelbert , at the express desire of Russia .
From Vienna-we get no news . General Hess continues to negotiate atBerlin . But , at the Austrian capital , it is said people talk of a , Convention of the Great Powers , the objects of which are to guarantee the integrity of Turkey and the rights of the Christians ; to make Cue Black Sea free to the flags of all nations ; to throw open the mouths of the Danube ; to place the Principalities under an European protectorate ; and to revise th « treaties between Russia and Turkey .
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The Sultan is reported to have taken one of the most daring steps La reform of modern times—second only , perhaps , in the history of modern Turkish rdle , to the slaughter of the Janisaries . He has declared that the possessions of the mosques are the property of the state , and he has deposed the Sbeik-a . 1-Islam for refusing his consent to the measure . To understand the fall force of this great stroke , it must be remembered that the Sheik is the leader and head of the wealthy Ulemas . Besides u the mosques and religious foundations of the Ottoman empire , " says the Time * , "form important spiritual corporations ^ exercising an independent , legal , and theocratical power in the state . The Ulemas , or masters of the law ' and the Koran , are the sole possessors of the vast wealth belonging to these
founda-General Uschakoff ' s corps between Taltsha and Jsaktsha was a sanguinary affair . General UschakoffT had either to silence three batteries or to take them at the point of the bayonet . In the afternoon it became necessary to have recourse to cold steel , and a battalion advanced to the attack . Within less than half an hour one half of the men bad fallen , and a second battalion was brought up , but it fared as badly as its predecessor . A third battalion , however , succeeded in gaining a firm footing on the right bank . While this sanguinary conflict was going on in the immediate neighbourhood of the batteries , other Russian troops , both infantry
and cavalry , had crossed the river and advanced on the flank of the Turks . The Mussulmans , although fearfully overmatched , fought desperately for their guns , two batteries of which , with the exception of one gun , they . managed to carry off . The third battery was defended by three companies , which were completely surrounded by the Hussiana , who , after a struggle of half an hoar , succeeded in securing all the guns , though , not until one-half of the Turks bad been killed and the other half taken prisoners . Private letters state the loss of the Russians in this engagement to have been 1500-menu .
Here is a German account of the passage of another Russian column : — It is related that tie passage of the Danube really began on the 17 th . Daring the preceding night , General Schilder had received instructions to be prepared , and in the morning of the 17 th the cannonade began from Brailow and from the Danubian island occupied bj the Russians . At the same time the latter began to construct a pontoon-bridge below Brailow , which operation the Turks affected not to observe . About 300 feet ' of tbe bridge had , been completed -when suddenly , between 11 and 12 , such a fearful nrefwas brought to bear npon . it , that in three-quarters of an hour » $ he -whole was either separated or totally destroyed . In this affair the Russians lost about 450 menieither killed or drowned .. On
the 18 th , the cannonade was continued by both parties without any result . Princ * Gortschakoff arrived jast in time to see the fragments of the pontoons which had been collected . On the 19 th , a Council of War was held by 26 Generals , at which it was resolved that on the . 22 nd the example of the Tories should be followed , and thepassage of the river effected , by means of rafts and boats . Early in the morning of the 24 th it was officially known at Bucharest that the Danube had been passed ; and on the 25 th . private intelligence of what had occurred was received from Bucharest , Galatz , and Reni . The passage was five or six tunes fruitlessly attempted on the 22 nd . The attempts were renewed on the following day with as little success , until between twelve and one , when a part of the . Turks , for some
unknown reason , began to retire , " slowl y and in perfect order , " from the entrenchments ( probably to oppose the lauding of the main corps from Galatz ) . By degrees the Turks disappeared entirely from the bank of ^ he river , x > f which , between four and seven in the evening , the Russians were in full possession . The Turks retreated in good order . Whatever be the fate of the Russians in the Dobrudsoha , they were certainly again defeated in their attempt to cross at Turtukai ; and it seems probable that the Turks have made successful counter-onsets at Sistova , J ^ alarasch i and Simnitza . The allied fleets are once more in the Black Sea . M . Metasa , the Greek Minister , has left . Constantinople .
? ke Vienna papers publish advices from Constantinople of the 27 th , according to which the Porte has resolved to expel all the subjects or King Otho from the Sultan ' s dominions . A declaration of war was expected to . accompany , the execution of the measure . The Turks have in , Thessaly and E p irua a force of 15 , 000 men , of whom 3000 are cavalry , with 120 guns . As soon as the roads are practicable thb corps will be reinforced , and the insurrection , < it is expected , will be attacked in its centre and home , which is Greece . Arta , the fall of which has so many times been reported from Athens , has a garrison of 3000 men . . Sir Henry Ward } Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands , has visited Fuad Effendi at Prevesa .
tions , and at the same time , as the expounders of the faith and fundamental laws of Islam , they enjoy nil authoritv to ¦ which the highest powers in the state have been compelled to bow . The insecurity of property under an arbitrary Government and many other causes have induced Turkish landowners , from generation to generation , to assign over the fee simple of their estates to the mosques , reserving only the usufruct to themselves and their direct inale descendants . Land thus held by the mosques or religious corporations became vacoof , or , as it is termed in India , ioukf , and is held for ever in mortmain . Such lands have hitherto been exempt from taxation and personal confiscation , and this tenure has so increased and extended by the mere influence of duration and security in an empire where
a . 11 other projwrty is fluctuating and insecure , that full three-quart era of tbe soil of the Turkish dominions are said to be held in this manner . " Arif Effendi succeeds to the post of the deposed priest . After this the news from the Danube is tame . In the first place , we are not a wldt further advanced in knowledge of the late Russian movement than we wero last'week . On the contrary , the accounts are . perhaps , more confused than they were then . One thing only seems certain : tho Russians occupy part or parts of the Dobrud . cha . First , it is broadly stated that the RusemiUB have taken Taltsha , Matchin , Juaktsha , and Hirsova ; in fact , that they are masters of the country up to tho very front of Trajan ' s wall . This id doubtful . Although tlie forts on tlio Diuiube oould not sustain a lun # uioge , yet lliey could ottVr n stout resiMinxv . Uucharum letters ttule that tin : imt-sji'i ' . ( if the Danube l . v
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Diplomatic relations have been broken off between Turkey and Greece . For want of better information of the process , we take the following account from the Trieste Gazette : — u On the 19 th , Kesset Bey handed a note to the Greek Government , in which he demanded as follows : —1 . The recal of . all the Greek officers who have taken part in the insurrectional movement . If they obey , they are to be brought before a court-martial , and if not they are to be deprived of their pay . 2 . The professor ot the university , Soutzos Manrocordatos , and the rector , Kosti , ar « to be dismissed .. 3 . The journals are to be forbidden to write against Turkey . 4 . All the Greek committees are to be dissolved . 5 . All those who opened the prisons at Cbalcis are to be punished . Tho reply of the Greek Government was discussed at a council of Ministers , presided over by the Kins . Ab .
how-Indmdua . 1 participation in the insurrection cannot be me-r vented by the Government . £ . Notwithstanding all theinquines made by the Government , it has Wn impossible to ascertain by whom the prisons of Chaksli were opened ; but tne Government will continue its investigations . This i « nlv was delivered to the Turkish charge d * a&ins on the 20 th After a conference with the French and English Ambassa dors ,-he , at midnight , demanded his passports , which were delivered to him the next morning , and he will embark on board a French frigate ' for Constantinople . "
lbe Ambassadors ot trance and England have presented to the Greek Government a note , in which they declare that it will be made responsible for the consequences of a rupture of diplomatic relations between Greece and Turkey . 4 * Trustworthy accounts from St . Petersburg , " says , the Daily JVeto » - " state that the war is very unpopular amongst tbe mercantile classes , and that in consequence of this feeune an order had been issued forbidding the assembling in the streets of groups consisting of more than two persons . " , The telegraph reports that the Russians are dismantling and abandoning the island of Aland .
ever it was wished , to ascertain the opinion of the country , tho Chambers were convoked . The Ministers , in the iirst place , communicated to the Chamber of Deputies the Turkish note and the reply , and demanded whether tho Chamber thought they had sufficiently protected the rights of tho Crown and the dignity of the country . The Chamber replied in the affirmative , and with great enthusiasm . In the Senate some members , who have an eye to office , endeavoured to shape their answer evasively , but the Ministers demanded that the Assembl y should declare itself oategoricaUy by a vote of Yes or No , without any restriction . On proceeding to the vote there was a majority in favour of the Ministers of 22 to 16 . The reply of th « Government is as conciliatory as possible , and it expresses itself with calmness and dignity . 41
It says—1 . Tho officers who have taken part in the movement have all given in their resignation , or have boon struck out from the lists of the army , und none of them receive any pay . They are therefore simple citizens , whose nets cannot be interfered with by tho Government . 2 . The professors of the university have not boon guilty of any net contrary to tlio interests of Turkey , which have yet come to ( ho knowledge of the Government ; but it is ready to institute : ui inquiry « m-the sulijc < t . H The ] hv :-h is free , aiwnliii £ tn cxia ' . i , i ; luw . i . 4 . Tbcic- ilo iiotc-vis ; any cuiiiiuiUi't :..
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From Madrid we learn that Don Francisco de Paula , the father of the King Consort , h&s ( imitated the Queen-Mother , and married his mistress * Teresa itc&ondo , a " woman of infamous character . " Extremel y shocked at this , the Coburg family , who were , it is said , on the point of marrying one of their sons to one of the daughters of Don Francisco , have Brolten off the match . -y- "? A man named' Boccfci , a turner , has been arrested on sus ^ picion of being the assassin of the late Duke of Parma } our it is not yet certain that he was the murderer . *
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WAR ARMAMENTS . Active preparations for the gresft war in which we have engaged continue * ° be made . During the v * & sent week upwards of 4000 m « iu have b ^ nv despatched from , England direct 4 o Turkey , ¦ ' $ * %$ & steamers , without stopping at ICalta . Four splendid infantry regiments , the 7 th , 93 rd , 23 rd , and 88 th have sailed-r-cheered on departing with , tiiat enthusiasm which makes the opening of . this , war so characteristic . • ... ..... r / . i- . {'¦ ,
The officers are fast leaving : for their arduous * duties in the field . On Tuesday the Tonning took out Brigadier-General SfoColin Camp b ^^^ Elriga ^ l 1 --General Pennefather , Brigadier * Gener | iJ E ^ r ^ MiJor Stirling , , Captain Shadweli , Captain ] Thackw $ ^ Captain Harding , Major , Hope , ^ eutenajt Giraham , Captain Walsh , Aide * de-Camp toXord # «> E 0 Si . Cj | &r . tain Woodford , Deputy ^ Assistaut-Quaftermaster-General ; Captain ZBlane , Deputy-AssisU&t-Quarter master-General , an officer % nd detachment of athe 19 th Regiment , Xieutenant , Pearce , and Genersl Brown's horses . On Thuraday ,. JhejCt « y < < y ^ Lqitdbh sailed , with Major-General Sir Met X . Ey : ans » Captain > , -. " iT i '" " -- ' ¦ ' 1- ¦ ¦¦ V '< - ^ tf ^ - ¦' . ' - •¦•»!' a *>« S ? feyv . f ' ' ¦¦ ' ¦ kim * iH ~' < ' ' &j > A . ffilV ' iitt Gubbin 8 , Captain Boyle ^ Captain ^^^ r ^ Cjw ^ ain Clifton , withhis Boyal Highnefls the Dufca of Camhridue ' a efltADii « hmenL . > Xieutenaht-ColdneL Gordon .
A 3 sistOAt-Adjuta ] Qt & General , and : I < ieutena « it ; C ^ lonel Herbert , As 8 istant-Quattermasj ^ rr | QeneraL , A company of Sappers fronx ^ c ^ lwicht a ] B 9 embarked '' xi $ this ebip , and another wJAl e ^ nj ^ k ^ flrbia ; Cji ^ raltar where she touches . To ^ day ^ . tiieli . "Emn ^ oK ^ . .. to . | t . s | yil ? taking ' out Sir Richard : E ^ gl ^ n !^ J ^ gj ^^ - | ye ?« Cator , Royal . A ^ tillerjj ^ iLordJe ^^ j ^ tJf ^ u ^ Pr termaster-Genera ] , Qap ^ ain . Ne ) vme , jUap ^ ain , Bradford , Captain Gage ,, Captain Fack , Captain ; Kings cote , with XKird , Eaglan '* , l \ orBe »; f , nd eatablishment , Lieutenant Caljihorpe ,, j ^ ieu ^ a ^^ Cur 2 » ii > -: Su ¥ gei )
Thirty-two army assistant-iujrgeons belonging , to depots of regiments have been ordered to attend , ki London to receive instructions previously to ^ heir immediate embarcation for the East , ' , u All the ahabraquea of the cav . ahry . ordjered to rtf ® seat of war will be discontinued , in order to lessen the weight which the horses have to carry . From Malta we hear of nothing bu ^ ' the safe arrival of regiments , and the excellent feeling that prevailed between the French and English .
A new steam mill for army purposes has just been sent out to Malta , which had been constructed in this country in compliance with an order from Odessa , but the exportation of which had been stopped by the Royal proclamation . It was much required at Malta , the Admiralty steam mill there being unequal to the pressure upon it , And the old mule mills of the Knights of the island not being suited to the requirements of the present age . An ample supply of steam coal has gone off from Shields to the Baltic for the use of the English fleet . Between thirty and forty collier vessels are employed in carrying out coals .
Colonel Colt has received a Government order for 400 O of his revolvers , which , it is understood , are to be supplied to the fleet . Within the past week orders hove , it is understood , been sent from Head-quarters , directing the instant reinforcement of the fortifications of Cork Harbour . Camden and Carlile forts and Haul bowline island are to . be immediately inspected , and the fortifications , where necessary , augmented , so ad to place Cork Hurbour on a footing with the most strongly ibrti ! i « d naval stations in the * world . The stores of lluulbowlino « r « to be immediately stocked witli ;; binkUnco uf ( wage fur horses , lor which purpose
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Aprix 8 , 1854 . ] THE LEADER . 317 ^ - ^^— " —————^——^— ^—^ i ^^^^ ——1 ^_______________ . _ .. ,
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Leader (1850-1860), April 8, 1854, page 317, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2033/page/5/
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