On this page
-
Text (4)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
iron * and mischievous in ite tendency—a principle alike ibversrVe of the nehts of the working man m the disposal F his labour , and of the rights of the master in the employi * nt of hi » capita ) . ** The committee , entertaining these views , respectfully Kane . ' an the part of the Associated Masters , the proposed lfitiatifflHi * " I am , Gentlemen , your obedient servant , ' Jas . A . Ewan , Secretary . »• Messrs . W . Corless and G . Shaw , Hon . Secretaries ¦ to a Mediation Committee , 320 , North Koad , Pwston . "
RBPIjT OS * THE MEDIATION COMMITTEE . , „ .., , « Preston , April 19 th , 1854 . * To Mr . J « A . Ewan , Secretary to the Masters' Association . ( . VSir . rr-We are requested by the Mediation Committee to idmomedge the receipt of your note , in which yon courteously . state the determination of the committee of the Aatjoci&t £ dMasters to decline any services which it might be itt ' jtffl ^ power of the Mediation Committee- to give . Xhej deeply regret this determination , especially so , as iu their opinion the reasons you allege on behalf of the committee of u » Associated Masters will not bear the test of any very strict erprofound in vestigatioa . i : **> Tlie Mediation Committee , in accepting offices imposed
npon jbUem by the anaoimoos consent of a large assemblage of tbefc fellow-townsmen , bare had no intention of allowing tihetnsclves to be drawn into . any discussion , concerning dispttted ^ points in political economy . In reference , however , to yonrremarks about supply and demand they cannot forbear expressing the , op £ nion that the state of the town of Preston is ^^ a ^ st fUduig exemplification of the fallacy of the doctrine yon havemvnncwKlitbsally enunciated . Labour here is in great demand ; the supply is small , and yet the wages offered are ConaidCTably less than such as- were paid some six or seven months a ^ gow : . There are evidently other elements , not perhaps a | r ^ e jtt ^^ deibjied or . scientifically determined , that enter xi ^ tlie true solntion of this question . that to admi of
. ; ^ , X <* ii state t mediation , in such a case as tliiS ^ Jwocdd be the admission of a principle dangerous and imfchi ^ yons in i ts tendency . Such a supposition appears to tfa ^ tfe&atibn Committ ee" to be based upon an exaggerated nomir of the - necessity of defending and enforcing abstract individual rights . Now , abstract personal rijghts ;< if irigidly forced , ttend'not tothe consolidation bo * $ 0 the dissolution O ^ tta # bpjidsu of society . Society , in shorty is made up of compromises . iloreover ^ ther& is aJegalnaaxini , tothe effect tlut ^ jBons sball so use their property as not to injure the property Mothers ; Whether in law the maxim be sound or Mwnsrorse , it evidently is eo in equity and common sense . Now ' tbe ^ kuL industry , and capital ot classes unconnected
witn jtotB dispute are materially damaged and depreciated by tt . j . arid they , in the opinion of the . Mediation Committee , fiwgyB / perfect right to use all legitimate means in defence of their yropertiy—even to the extent of applying to Parliament font p « wers to do , what our chivalrous allies the French are , njQ ^ ex similax circumstances , in the habit of doing , namely , toinaVVtb e settlement of this dispute compulsory . The ifedia ^ n Committee are suye that the members of the comxnifte ^ o J ^ the ^ Afasters' Association will , upon calm consideranbn , couicide in-the principles now propounded , inasmuch aa to bold : the contrary would be equivalent to maintaining that , persons may , when they choose , appropriate to
themselves aui toe . advantages which the institution oF society orfginates and secures , and repudiate the obligations of that inglttntion when it suitstheir convenience to do so . u We are , Sir , yours truly , . «« G . Shaw 7 ^ . J ; Honorary Secretaries . " TbU week £ he Spinners' Committee has vindicated its morality in an extraordinary manner . The secretary / Michael Gallaher , an Irishman , as his name imports , and said to have been educated for the finoan Catholic priesthood , having- been detected in ttpi ^ ce of connubial infidelity , some scandal resulted , and the committee has marked its sense of his conduct by dismissing him .
Untitled Article
AMERICAN NOTES . Tine / Veto York Herald lias long acted as one of the fiercest opponents of General Fierce ; and part of its policy is to attribute all the absurd articles in the Wtuhittgton Union to presidential inspiration . Ii has recently given a striking instance of this tactique , by publishing a letter from its Washington cbrrespohdent commenting on a recent article in the Union . The " old George Law muskets . " referred to ' fylYe beej | & bugbear ever since 1848 . Whether they exist at all , we know not ; but they always figure in " articles " in troublous times : —
"The Union blows us a powerful blast of war on tho Cuba question . It says that there is ( lunger of war with Spain , and that we might « s well begin to buckle up for it as not . It throws out some strong hints on intervention , according to the programme of Kossuth , Mazzini , and Ledru Bollin . And this is , perhaps , the plan of operations of the Administration in reference to Cuba and the European war . George Sanders , in behalf of the Red Republicans , has bought up all the old muskets of George Law , at 4 dols . or 6 dols . a-piece . Now , mark you , our Administration is advised of
is declared , and the Filibusters , and all * the dogs of war , including the Japan expedition , which is to bo recalled , are let slip upon the island of Cuba ! And , to prevent Englard and France from giving any aid to Spain , the whole lot of the 200 , 000 second-hand flint-lock muskets of George Law are to be shipped for the west coast of Ireland , and for those parts of France most convenient to the city of Paris , with tho exception of 50 , 000 muskets for Italy and 25 , 000 for Hungary , together with the cavalry saddles ordered by Kossutb . in Cincinnati before he left the United States . As nearly as we can get at the distribution of the 200 , 000 muskets , it is to be as follows : — Muskets . For the south-west coast of Ireland . 100 , 000 For France . . . . 25 , 000 For Italy . . ... 50 , 000 For Hungary .... 25 , 000
all this : but , not wishing to appear to have a hand in the game , Sanders , as consul to London , wna rejected by the Senate , though he will probably remain in his office for several months yet to come . Well , England and France send their fleets ) to the Baltic and the Black Sea , and their armies to the Danube and across tho Alps and tho Rhine , in the meantime , Mr . Soule" kicks up a row with th « Spauieh Cabinet , gets himself turned adrift , and our flag , arid our wT ? . ' M - country . and People , all insulted , and especially the Administration . Ho cornea homo blazing for War . Ibe Gcrwunvnt tins up , tho country fires up—war
Untitled Article
Total muskets . . . 200 , 000 With the arrival of these muskets at their destinations , the Republicans of Ireland , France , Italy , and Hungary , are to spring up to the bloody work of revolution . Ireland , with the volunteer aid of John Mitchell and liquid vitriol , will be liberated—Louis Napoleon will be put down—Italy will be made free , including the re-estaWisbment of tbe Roman rcpublio— -and the independence of Hungary will be made good I But the most important feature 3 a this grand programme is not George Law ' s muskets , but Kossutb / s policy of intervention , which is threatened by our Government organ . The interference of France and England in our quarrel with Spain about Cuba will be the signal for armed co-operation , therefore , with the- third party in the European war—the revoluuionarv elements—who ' vet to rise od and make i viwi cniucuw iruvaiv iv itw uuiav
are ^ T iuuaijr ' jw u £ r wuu the contest a grand triangular fight . And these are to be the three parties In the struggle—first , Russia and her allies ; second , Turkey , France , and England , &c >; . 'third , the revolutionary elements of Ireland and , the Continent . In taking side * with the revolutionary societies we shall be able , in th « transportation by the Collins ' , steamers of arms and munitions of war , to say nothing of vitriol , to accomplish the overthrow of all the monarchies of the Continent , except Russia , and her alliance is to enable us tbe more effectually to introduce our muskets , artillery ,- and munitions into Ireland , Italy , - and Hungary t Our Government organ aays : ~ 1
It is evidently © ur duty to begin to prepare for the worst We must demonstrate to the good of every landthose entertaining sentiment 8 kindred to onr own—in an unmistakable manner , that we have not only a good cause , but tliat we are so prepared that , with God ' s blessing , we shall be enabled to maintain it- We should thus contract an alliance more formidable to onr enemies than any ever contracted between crowned beads for the suppression of political liberty . ' And this oracle simply comprehends the plan of operations we have laid down . Is not George Sanders in the secret service of our Government ? Rely upon it , we are to have a hand in the European war I "
We don't believe a word of this statement ; but print it as a curiosity in journalism . At the regular monthly meeting of the New York Chamber of Commerce , on the 6 th instant , Mr . Walter R . Jones moved a series of resolutions condemning , as contrary to the dictates of sound morality and the principles of justice , the system of privateering , and declaring * that the " time has arrived wheat it should not be tolerated by the laws of civilised nations . " They also declare u that the efforts now making in . Europe to extinguish privateering , by arrangements to be consummated among the
diplomatists of the Old World , call for the co-operation of the Government of the United States ; and that the treaty made by the United States and Russia in 1785 , negotiated by the far-seeing and keen-sighted Franklin , whereby both Governments bound themselves not to issue commissions to privateer ? , discloses the policy of that early day , and it is well worthy of our support at this time . " The resolutions further lay down the principle that free ships should make free cargoes , providing they do not carry goods contraband of war ; and they call upon the " Government of the United States to exert a leading influence in this reform . "
The explorers of Darien , Mr . Gisborne , the American , Lieutenant Strain and his party , some time missing , are ell safe . The Governor of New York , has vetoed the absurd " Maine Liquor Law , " which the Legislature had passed . In Cuba the Captain-General had issued a decree forbidding any but regularly certified graduates in the universities from writing in the newspapers . One of the reasons for this proceeding is , that the uneducated " fatigue their readers by their wearisome productions . " It is also remarked , that while the censors can restrain those who assault religion and morality , they have no power of control over " the irruptions of ignorance / 1
Untitled Article
THE CHOLERA : AN OFFICIAL WARNING . We need do no more than call the serious uttcntiou of our readers to the subjoined "Notification" prepared and issued by tho Board of Health . The maxim , that " the least said tho soonest mended , " however valuable as a specific "in . certain cases , " is of no avail as regards cholera . Too much of the hearty and manful BOrt can hardly be said ; because it is obvious that without much speaking , « t least in England , there will not be much doing . To Mr . Tom Taylor ' s forcible warning- we can add nothing .
General Board of Health , Whitehall , April 17 , 1854 . The General Board of Health deem it their duty to warn boards of guardians , local boards of health , parochial boards , and other local authorities against placing a false security in the present apparent disappearance of epidemic cholera . It is of the last importance to bear in mind that a similar decline of the pestilence took place at corresponding periods of its progress on both its former visitations . The attack of 1831 was premonitory of a more severe and wide-spread outbreak in 1832 .
The epidemic of 1848 , which in the autumn of that jear numbered nearly 1000 victims in the metropolis , almost wholly disappeared in the spring , yet returned with redoubled violence iu the summer , destroyed nearly 2000 persona weekly for several weeks in succession , and produced , including deaths from diarrhosa , a total mortality of 17 , 000 . In like manner , the outbreak of last autumn , which commenced with greater virulence than the epidemic "of 1348 , and destroyed iu the metropolis during the farst months of its course double the number of victims , has been followed by a lull , winch has been more complete , than that of 1849 . bu t within the last month the disease has again become more active , and a gradual increase has taken place in the number of deaths , raising , for this month , the total deaths in
England and Scotland to twice tbe amount of tbe corresponding period , of 1849 . The analogy of the preceding visitations therefore justifies the apprehension that the . disease , instead of having ceased , is in its perk-d of incubation , and that the epidemic , in its decided form and full force , is yet to come . The modifications ia its character which tbe pestilence lias recently exhibited , are of a nature to render it doubly necessary that the first indications of Us appearance in a locality should Tie vigilantly watched . In the majority of the places which it has hitherto attacked , it has seized its victims more suddenly and harried them through its fatal course with greater rapidity than on any preceding visitation . One stage of the disease , formerly well rn » rked , and of the utmost value with reference to the opportunity afforded for
the application of the means of prevention , is now generally much shorter in duration , and often even , suppressed , namel y ^ that denoted ' , by the term " approaching cnolera . " Premonitory diarrhoea does still indeed exist , but that also is coramonfy of shorter duration , and passes more directly and rapidJy into cholera , and cholera itself into collapse . During its first visitation in 1831 and 1832 , tbe attacks of the epidemic , with few exceptions , were confined to the poorer portions of the population residing in tbe most neglected and unhealthy diatilcts . In 1848 tund 1849 , it was fatal to larger numbers of the middle classes inhabiting better conditioned localities and houses . As far as tbe disease has vet
advanced , the proportion of the better class attacked is still greater than in 1849 * In that year , among the total number of persons who perished by the epidemic in the metropolis , 81 per cent , were labourers and artisans , and 15 per cent , -were tradesmen ; but La the places in which the . disease has lately p revailed , the proportion of deaths among labourers and artisans Jo # s been only 72 . per cent ., while the mortality amongst tradesmen has reached 24 per cent . In like manner , in the epidemic « f 1849 , the proportion of the deaths of the gentry and professional persona to the total deaths was 2 , $ per . cent ., but recently it has risen to 3 . 2 per cent . In other countries the disease baa not spared the highest classes , and if the safeguards against it are neglected , there is no reason why it should iu our own .
It is further indicative of an increasing activity and intensity in the pestilence , that while the interval between its first and second visitations was sixteen years , the interval between its second and third visitations has beeu only four year *; and that its second visitation was far more extensive and mortal than the first . la the absence of more efficient precautions against it , there appears no reasonable ground for the expectation that the third will be less extensive and mortal than the second . Besides the loss of life , the pecuniary loss occasioned by these local outbreaks demands attention . Irrespective of
the permanent expense entailed on towns both by public rates and private contributions for the maintenance of widows , orphans , and others pauperised by the epidemic , the losses sustained by individual tradesmen , from the interruption , and in some instances , the almost total suspension of commerce , are most severe . In some recent instances the sum thus lost would have sufficed to defray a very large proportion of the outlay required to place the town in a permanently safe and satisfactory sanitary condition . It is estimated that the total cost of the visitation of 1848 and
1849 to England and Scotland , exclusive of the cost t » . Ireland , could not have been less than 2 , 000 , 000 / . from these considerations , the board huve learnt with great regret that , since tho lull in the epidemic , local authorities in numerous instances have suspended the preventive measures which they had actively commenced , under the assumption that the visitation of cholera is over , and that therefore tho occasion for further watchfulness and effort has ceased . While it is satisfactory to state that a great and growing number of local authorities now manifest an earnest desire to enrry into effect every practicable means of prevention , there are some who show the sume reluctance as formerly to admit the plainest facts evidencing tkie near approach of nn outbreak . Instead of preparing to meet the danger , they
uh ut their eyes against it . Claaes of diarrhoea occurring in uuusuul intensity , in unusual numbers , and at an unusual Jteasou , they regard as of no rcul significance . Successive deaths , with the symptoms of malignant cholera , they call deaths frojn English cholera , as if changing tho name altered the evil . They suppress as far and as long as possible tho knowledge of all local forewarn ings , whence a false uecurity is maintained , which , on tho outbreak of the pestilence , gives jpluce to panic . On the arrival of one oi tho board ' s medical inspectors , who under such circomatanccs is usuiilly sent lor . he finds tho union medical officerB diatmeted with tho sudden demands made > ui > oit themdemands greater than tlicy could possibly uatisty wero they to devote day unil night tu the servwa , which indeed many
Untitled Article
368 ,. THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), April 22, 1854, page 368, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2035/page/8/
-