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Mora " Ihnocents . " —Last Wednesday week three bills were disposed of ; this week two more have followed them . Mr . Hume ' s "bill for making boroughs and counties liable for hustings' expenses at elections was debated on the second reading . The principle of the measure was that members of the House of Commons ought to bo returned free of expense ; the bill was a limited application of that principle . It met with little favour and was rejected by 154 to 57 . V The" other bill was Mr . Brady ' s second attempt at Medical Inform- —a measure repudiated by the reformers of the profession , and thrown out on the motion for going into committee by 118 to 69 .
' > ^ Gbauge Kivek . —Mr . Ajdderlky moved an address , graying that her Majesty- would reconsider the order in Council for the promulgation , on or before the 1 st of August ¦ &&t , of a proclamation abandoning and renouncing aU soveigjgnty over the Orange River territory and its inhabitants . Supposition "was that Government had no ri g ht to abandon the Orange Eiver territory without the sanction of Parliament . Mr . Peel , Sir John Pakington , the ATToatsreTGknkkal , and Sir Frederick Thesigek , all concurred in approving of the abandonment of the territory , and in the opinion that the sanction of Parliament was not required . Motion withdrawn .
Gkown Forests . —On the motion of Mr . Dbummond a select committee was appointed to inquire into the present management and condition of the crown forests in England , with a view of ascertaining the responsibility of the present commissioners , and whether it would be for the public interest that some of the smaller forests should be sold as being unfit for the growth of timber for lier Majesty ' s navy . Mo . Stoetob ' s Case . —Mr . Sotheron moved the addition of Mr . Moore , and of another member to be nominated by the general committee of selection , to the select committee on Mr . Stonor ' s case . After a brief discussion , in "which Mr . P . feel and the Chancellor of the Exchequer stated tliat the Duke of Newcastle did not wish to be represented , bat would Jeave the matter to the committee of selection , the motion was agreed to .
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REFORM OF THE CORPORATION OF THE K CITY OF LONDON . The commissioners appointed to inquire into the existing state of the City of London have issued a comprehensive report , which has just been presented to Parliament . They recommend that , -with due modifications , required by the peculiar circumstances -which distinguish the corporation of London from other bodies of that class , there ' should Tie ap--plied to it the leading provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act , - which has now been the law of the land for nearly twenty years , and which appears on the whole to have "been attended with beneficial effects , and to nave given satisfaction to the country . The heads of their principal recommendations areas follows : —
" 23 . That the money and securities of the corporation be lodged in the Bank of England . " 24 . That the election of auditors be amended . " 25 . That the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Acts , with respect to the mortgaging of lands , and the making of an annual return of revenue and expenditure to 4 he Secretary of State , be extended to the corporation of London . " 26 . That the Irish Society be dissolved ; that its trusts be declared by act of Parliament ; and that new trustees be appointed by the Lord Chancellor of Ireland . " 27 . That the external boundaries of the city remain unchanged ; but that the municipal connexion between the corporation , of London and a part of the borough of Southwark be abolished . - ~
" 28 . That the rest of the metropolis be divided into districts for municipal purposes . " 29 . That in the event of such division being made , a Metropolitan Board of Works be created , composed of members deputed to jj £ from the council of each metropolitan municipal body , including the Common Council of the city . * " 30 . That the coal duties now collected by the corpora tion of London , so long as they remain in force , bo under the administration of this board ; and that , in case the coal
duties which expire in 1862 should not be renewed , the 4 d . duty now levied on behalf of the city should cease at the same time . " 31 . That this board be empowered to le ^ y a rate , limited to a . fixed poundage , for public works of general metropolitan utility , over the metropolitan district . 82 . That no works be executed by tlis board unless the plans have been approved by a Committee of the Privy Council . *
** 1 . That a new charter be issued , containing aJL such provisions in eoristingcharters of the corporation of London , and aU such customs of the city , as it may be deemed expedient topreserre . <( 2 . That the Lord Mayor be elected by the Common Council , from the common councillors , or from persons Qualified to be onunon councillors . ¦ ** & That the aldermen be elected by the burgesses of the wards for six yean , and be re-eligible ; that they be justices of the P £ * oe during their term of office . 41 4 . That the powers of the Municipal Corporations Act with restwet to the appointment of stipendiary magistrates be extended to the corporation of London . *• 5 . That the Court off Aldermen be abolished , and that its functions be transferred to the Common Council .
" 6 . That the number of wards be reduced to some number not less than 12 , nor greater than 16 ; and that their area and population be , as far as possible , made equal *• 7 . That each ward return one alderman and frve common councUmen to the Common Council ; and tbab their qualification be that prescribed b y the Municipal Corporations Act fox the larger Glass of boroughs—namely , the possession of real or personal estate of lOOOL , or being rated on an annual value of at least 302 . " 8 . That the voters in the wardmote elections be the occupiers of premises in the ward rated to the amount of 10 / . per annum , without any additional qualification .
" 9 . That the elections in Common Hall be abolished . " 10 . That the sheriffs be elected by the Common Council . " 11 . That the Lord Mayor ' s Court and tho Sheriffs ' Court be consolidated , and that an appeal be given from such court to one of the superior courts at Westminster . " f 2 . That the- Court ofHustings be abolished . 11 18 . That the court at St . MartuVs-le-Grand be abolished . " 14 . That all regulations prohibiting persons not free of the city from carrying on any trade , or using any handicraft within the city , be abolished . " 15 . That the metago of grain , fruit , and other measurable goods be no longer compulsory . " 16 . That the Fellowship of Porters be dissolved , and that other privileges of porters be abolished . " 17 . That the admission of brokers by the Court of Aldermen bo abolished . " 18 . That the street toll on carts not tho proi > erty of freemen b « abolished .
" 19 . That the city police be incorporated with tho metropolitan police . " 20 . That tho conservancy of tho rirer Thames b » transferred to a board consisting of the Lord Mayor , the Fire ! Lord of the Admiralty , the President of the Board of Trade , the Deputy-Master of the Trinity-house , and tho First Commissioner of Woods . " 21 - That the exclusive privileges of tho Company of Watermen and Lightermen on the river Thames be abolished . " 22 . That tho accounts of the revenue and expenditure ot tho corporation be consolidated .
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while the child is under the age of five and after it has SS ? SAi 5 °£ twelve * the ™ I ** remaia as many am 968 , 557 children between five and twelve , whose absent from the school-books cannot be explained by either illness , occupation , professional . home instruction , or legitimate excuse of parents . Further ; it appears that some of the existing schools are inefficient—ill adapted for their purpose ; bo that , to have made the state of things of 1851 completely satisfactory , there should have been 968 , 657 more scholars between the age * of five and twelve upon the school-books , while some of those already there should have been found at more efficient schools . " This would establish a proportion of 16-8 per cent , of the total population ; 1 * 5 per cent between three and five—1 * 6 per cent , between twelve and fifteen—and 13 * 7 per cent , between fire and twelve . "
The number of wholly self-supporting private day schools is 30 , 524 , containing 721 , 396 scholars ; and the number of aided public is 15 , 518 , containing 1 , 422 , 9 S 2 scholars . These form the twx > great classes of schools . The public schools may be divided into three classes : —1 . Supported by general or . local taxation , of which class there are 610 schools , wfth 98 , 826 scholars . 2 . Supported by endowments , of which class there sJre 3125 schools , with 206 , 279 scholars . 3 . Supported by religious bodies , of which class there '' cu ^ ei . l $$$ fc schools , with 1 , 048 , 851 scholars . * 4 . Outlier public schools , of which class there are 1081 schools , with 109 , 214 scholars . The total number , of public
schools therefore is 15 , 411 , containing 1 , 413 , 17 $ scholars , 795 , 632 males and 617 , 558 females : In Cl * ss I . there are 35 military schools , with 3348 scholarji 14 naval schools , with 2348 scholars ; one Woods %$ d Forests school , with 259 scholars ; 3 _ corporation schools , with 2394 scholars ; 523 workhouse f ^ polfl , with 38 , 067 scholars ; and . 34 prison schools , itph 2410 scholars . In Glass II . there axe ; . G& 6 collegiate and grammar schools , with 35 , 612 scholars j and 25 # 9 other endowed : schools , with 170 , 667 scholars . Tie annual value of these endowments is estimated at 500 , 000 / . In Class IIL , the number of schools has increased from 766 before 1801 to 10 , 595 now
exist-MB . MANN'S REPORT ON EDUCATION . This report of the Census Commissioners on the educa | £ ctnal establishments of England and Wales , and the progress of education , together with other statistics -relating to this important subject , has just been printed . The report itself is most comprehens | y % and the copious tables and appendices annexed to it make its length very considerable . From a summary of the report published by the Morning Chronicle We male some cuttings which will interest our Tenders , and perhaps lead them to the report itself . The report states at the commencement tnat the
difficulties encountered in prosecuting the inquiry were considerable , inasmuch as , owing to delay in giving an authoritative interpretation to an ambiguous section of the act , it was deemed advisable -to continue the extensive preparations which had been already made on a purely voluntary basis , with respect to the filling up of the returns . The course pursued was upon that principle , and 30 , 610 enumerators delivered schedules of thequestiona to upwards of 70 , 000 heads of schools . When the returns were delivered , it appeared that in many cases no information had been given : — ' Stated summarily , the result of th « inquiry is , that nfnima fiaWA knan maaaivmuI Ak ^ m % A A OO /> J __ _ <_ fl . _ fL / IB At * returns have b ived fr 44836 schools 15411
een rece om , day ( , public and 29 , 425 private ) , from 28 , 137 Sunday schools , front 1 , 545 evening schools for adults , and from J ^ 057 literary , scientific , and mechanics'institutions . But in addition to the above number of schools , from wlich returns were received , the lists supp li ed by the enumerators make mention of 1 , 206 other day schools ( 107 publio and 1 , 099 private ) and 877 other Sunday schools , from which no returns were procurable . If we assume that each of these last-named schools contained upon an average , as many scholars as did each of the schools which made returns , the ultimate result of the educational census will be this : —Day schools : publio . 15 , 518 ; private , 80 , 524 ; total , 46 , 042 . Scholars at public school * , 1 , 422 , 982 ; at private ditto , 721 , 396 ; total , 2 , 144 , 378 . Sunday schools , 23 , 514 ; Sunday school scholars , 2 , 407 , 642 ; evening schools for adults , 1645 ; scholars ,
Comparing the present position of education with the past , and dealing only with totaLs : — ' It appears as to day schools that while in 1818 there was a scholar for every 17-25 persons , and in 1833 a scholar for every 11-27 persons , in 1851 there was a scholar for every 8 * 36 persons ; and as to Sunday schools it appears that while in 1818 there was one Sunday scholar for every 24 * 40 persons and in 1833 one scliolar to eveiy 9 * 28 persons , in 185 L there was one scholar to every 7 * 45 persons . The increase between 1818 and 185 L was , of day scholars , 218 per cent , and of Sunday scholars 40 4 per cent . ; while the increase of population was but 64 per cent . *'
So far then the rate of progress has been satisfactory , and this progress is all the more encouraging from the fact , that the greater portion of it must have been effected any > ng the working classes . The report deals with the question of how many out of the population , which on the 31 st March , 1851 , amounted to 17 , 927 , 609 , ought to have been at school on that day . After considering the various causes which keep children away from schoolnamely , the sick , those educated at home , and those whose labour is valuable , and other impediments , it isr at once perceived that the present standard is considerably below what It ought to be . After these deductions the result appears to be
that" The number of children in England and Wales of an ago appropriate to school instruction ( . say from three to fifteen ) ia 4 , 908 , 696 ; from which must be deducted , as unable , on account of occupation , serious illness , or domestic education , to belong to day schools , 1 , 246 , 485 ; leaving a residue of 8 , 663 , 261 , witli respect to wtom there ia apparently no reason other than the parent ' s pleasure why they should not bo at ucliool . Allowing tho parents' discretion to be reasonable ,
ing : — , " The cost at which the schools of religious bodies ar ? supported may perhaps , be g athered from the statements as to income which were furnished with respect to 5761 of the number . Accurate returns , however , of financial matters are proverbially difficult to be procured . Tho total" income , for the year 1850 , of the 5761 schools , from which , sufficiently authentic statements vrere received ^ waa 459 , § 27 i . The number of scholars in thesa schools being 684 jl 84 , tnis makes the average annual expense of eachto ml « . BdVilf it can be assumed , that the income of the remaining 4884
schools was the same per scholar as that of the above 5761 , the total annual income of the -whole 10 , 595 schools in Class III . having 1 , 048 , 851 scholars , will be 760 , 218 * . arid if the 2113 schools ^ belonging to religious bodies—which have been placed amongst " Endowed Schools' in Class II . —be tiMen into account , the total income will be 960 , l 83 £ for 1 , 188 ^ 786 scholars . The following are tbe sources of-this income : — Permanent endowment , 25 , 7791 , or 6 < L per scholar ; voluntary contributions , 876 * 840 / ., of 7 s * 2 < L per scholar ; grants from Government , 42 , 0642 ., or lOd . per , scholar' ; payments by other scholars , 259 , 1856 , or 4 s . lid . per scholar ; other sources , 56 , 900 / ., or Is . Id . pet scholar . Total 760 , 2181 ^ or 14 s . 6 d . per scholar . , "The number of teachers is returned for 8282 of the schools of religious bodies . In these there are 44 , 167 teachers ( 22 , 176 males and 21 , 891 femalea > thus composed , viz ., 14 , 858 general teachers ( 5902 masters and 996 & mistresses ) , 8312 paid monitors and pupil-teachers ( 4418 males and 6894 females ) , and 20 , 997 unpaid teachers ( 11 , 856 males and 9141 females ) . These teachers instruct 875 , 288 scholars ( 484 , 112 males and 891 , 126 females ) . " The following table shows most concisely the number of schools and the scholars in connexion with the different religious bodies : —
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May 13 , 1854 . ] THE LEADER . 437
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Schools . Scholars . Schools Scholars . 10 , 595 1 , 046 , 851 12 , 708 1 , 188 , 786 Dbnomi n atio stal . Church or England ... 8 . 571 801 , 507 10 , 555 019 , 474 Church of Scotland ... 5 846 S 946 United Presbyterian Church 3- 217 3 217 Presbyterian Church In England 25 2 , 447 28 12 , 72 a Scottish Presby terns . l 845 1 345 Presbyterians .... 7 1 , 321 18 2 , < ttO Independents .... 481 47 . 400 403 50 , 186 Baptists ... lift 8 , 005 131 9 , 8 « 0 Society of Friends ... 23 2 , 247 88 3 , 026 Unitarians 80 3 , 736 89 4 , S 0 O Moravians 7 306 7 8 « 6 Wesleyan Methodists 303 80 , 764 381 4 , 1 , 144 Methodist Ifew Connexion 18 1 . 815 14 1 , 841 Primitive Methodists 25 1 , 297 26 1 . S 42 Bible Christians 8 367 8 » 67 Wesleyan Association 10 1 , 112 11 1 , 170 Calvinistio Methodis . 41 2 , 614 44 2 , 9 > 29 Laxly Huntingdon ' s Connexion 9 644 10 714 Now Church 0 1 . 581 9 1 , 551 Dissenters 4 $ 6 , 392 49 5 , 805 Isolated Pro tost ant Congregations 14 1 , 144 14 1 . 144 Lutherans 1 157 2 221 French Protestaiits ... 1 15 1 15 German Mission 1 100 2 110 Roman Catholics 811 38 . 583 830 41 , 382 Jews 10 1 , 284 12 2 , 361 UmDBNOMINATTONAX . Britlnh 614 82 , 697 514 82 , 597 Others 4 1 . 062 4 1 . 0 C 2
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Leader (1850-1860), May 13, 1854, page 437, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2038/page/5/
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