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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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oat of sight of the Crimean shore—but in vain ; the Etissian ships did sot stir from their anchors all the time we -were thus waiting for them . " It was ascertained , however , that there were twelve ships of the line ( probably fourteen ) , three frigates , and twenty - Bix Bteamere in the harbour . How the allied fleets comport themselves we learn from another letter from an Englishman in the fleet : — " On the 28 th the offing of Sevastopol was reached . ; and on the 29 th , cruising closer in , with a strong breeze , the Sampson and Arethusa ( the light infantry of the British fleet ) were sent in , to reconnoitre , and on their return reported one three-decker , ten other sail of the line , four frigates , and four or five steamers afloat . Durine the day
£ he Tiger and , Fary joined , having been back to Odessa for a reconnoittre , ' and steamed round by the coast of the Crimea , without . falling in with a single vessel . At about fire { p . m . on the 29 th , when the fleets were abont twenjtv-five miles distant from the port of Sebastonoi , a steamer was seen , and coming from that direction , which left no doubt of her being a Bunao . The Tiger was ordered down upon her , when w soon went round * and stood back again to port , into which sbe got by dusk , tb Tiger haying chased her nearly within shot of the batteries , followed at a distance by toe Inflexible and Vauban , to guard against its being any decoy or snare ; which no doribt was the case , since from the Tiger ' s deck five steamers were
observed to have their steam up , and the four frigates had rnn up their topsails ready for a start . The appearance of J&e Inflexible and Vauban in the distance no doubt spoiled tie sport , and induced them to weigh tie odds as to the result , if they ( the Kussians ) put out to sea . It is . to be hoped the next decoy will be a little bolder , and venture out a raw miles further ; for the mere nabbing of transports and . merchant craft is not altogether the work which either the EngUah or French seamen would prefer . " . In a second , despatch the French admiral states ^ that Admiral Dondas and himself had planned an expedition against . the coasts of the Crimea and Circassia . Rear-Admiral Lyons was m command of the detached squadron , which
consisted of aie English steamer Agamemnon , bearing tlie flag of -Rear-Admiral , Lyons ; of the French steamer the Charlemagne ; of five English steamers , and two French—rnamely , the Mogador and the Vauban ; and the admiral was ordered to attack and destroy , on the shores of the Crimea and Circassia , the Bosnian establishments and vwsels , and to open frays of communication with the Circassians , especially with taeirchief Schamyl . \ A telegraphic despatch from Marseilles , dated Wednesday , eays :-r" Accounts were received at Constantinople on the 15 th . that the Russians , unable , on account of the blockade , to defend the sea-board of Circassia , had evacuated all their positions from Batoum to Anapa—an extent of 200 leagues . They burned all their own forts , and retired to Kutais , in the interior . The Circassians came down from the
monn-4 ains and took possession of all the posts which the Russians had occupied , making prisoners 15 O 0 men , whom they surprised at Sukkum-Kaleh . The Circassians had proclaimed a provisional Goverament , under the presidency of a irother-in-law of Schamyl . " This statement would imply that the expedition had been -successful . But it is fair to state that no other reports from the Turkish capital of that date mention the story . Another subject of great public interest , the loss of the Tiger , receives full confirmation this week . But nothing is certain beyond that ; the details differ very much , but agree in the main . It would appear that the Tiger , 16 , run aground on the 12 th May , near Odessa ; that the ians b
Russ rought down batteries and fired upon her ; that v she could not be got off ; that Captain Giffard struck his flag , but not until after he had lost a leg from a cannon-shot ; and that the Russians , unable to get her away , took her crew prisoners , burnt her , and earned some of her guns as trophies to Odessa . Another story is told by the Vienna Presse , but cannot be entirely relied on : — "We bave received direct accounts from Odessa relative to tlio recent events , and communicate them to our readers without changing anything . Tho inhabitants of Odessa are now ia the greatest uneasiness . The Russian batteries have cannonaded an . English war-steamer which , on her return from the mouths of the Sulina , was driven by stress of weather into tlie
roadstead of Odessa . This vessel made signals of distress and lioisted the white flag , but the Russians paid no attention to it and fired red-hot shot at her until she caught fire . Notwithstanding the shower of balls the vessel approached the shore , and tuo crew were able to land . The vessel is now in the port of Odessa in a very bad condition , and tlie crew are prisoners of war . Several line-of-but tie ships an . l corvettes of the combined fleets have sho-vvn themselves before the port . The inhabitants are in great alarm , not knowing what may happen . At the moment I am writing , a vessel with a flug of truce is approaching tlie -port . "
The flag of truce , it would appear , was carriccl in ; ita bearer demanded tho surrender of tho prisoners , and for answer was told that tlio naval allies had only to come and take them . The Wanderer of the 20 th says that letters from Lemberg , of the 17 th and 18 th , confirm the intelligence of a renewed bombardment of Odessa . A second letter . speaks of seven English steamers having demanded the restitution of the Tiger and her imprisoned crew , which being refused , they proceeded to bombard the town of Odessn . When this letter was posted tho firing had ulready Listed six hours , and si ill continued
So much for tho naval operations . On the Danube tho chief interest , at present , centres in Sili . stria ; and wo havo < a regular diary of event * near thu place , forwarded from Vienna in tlio usual way . "On tho 15 th Marshal Paakiewitch , with his staff , crossed tlie Danube btlow Silibtria to reconnoitre . On the lGtli terms of capitulation were offered to tho Commander of tli . it fortress , anil tho bombardment suspended . On the 17 tli Muss . i Pnslui njectel aill terms , and on tlie sumo day this bombardment recommenced . On tho 18 th Marshal t ' nskiRwitsch had his licad-ipinrtera tit Kalarasch . " General SchilderH , it is said , had seventy cannon in position opposite Silistria . Tlie Hua-« an corps under Liiderd ia nflirimd to have broken Out from the Dobruducha ; turning tlio TurkLih position at
Rassova . That requires confirmation . General Liiders must be aware that the eagle-eye of Omar Pasha watches every step he takes in the direction of Silistria . The Russians have 40 , 000 men at Kalarasch ; but that is on the left bank or the Danube . Omar Pasba remains in Schumla , drilling his men , while the allies must by this time be advancing towards him , both by way of Varna and Adrianople . Russian movements indicate signs of retrogression . Xh * munitions of war are being moved northward ; and the . ;|) M& forcements halt on the line of tho Sereth , thus keepurairai strong communication between Marshal Paskiewit ^ jM $ * ne Russian force on the Austrian Frontier- All nqpr Jbepends on the allies ; and at the latest date they w ej * jj | pm g for their cavalry and artillery . * - ' - r
The Wallachians are reported "to be e n £ * £ j *} S $ firing the Russian stores in many puces . Ab ^ j #£ g | p 3 flralWhiana of the better class are in pfisiOT < M 4 % ttl 8 J& . ^ f sympathising with the lurks . ; A return of the Turkish armj in Europe has jnst been made , and presented | orthe commanders of the English and French , anoattk . Q £ regular infantry there are 126 battalions v of chasseurs four battalions , cavalry , 64 squadrons , ariiQer ^ 224 gaii £ k The irregular infantry are 13 , 745 in number , the cayalry 14 ; 355 i wia battalions consist of 700 men , the . squadrons of from . 100 " te * 145 . The number of artillery iac 6 tiinatedat 4000 . "There are , besides , two battalions of engineers ^ each bsttaMan composed of two companies each 300 strong . Thitteiaagenwal interchange of festivities at Constantinople among the high andLmkbty people th , ere assembled .
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The news from St . Petersbnrg merits attention , even if it be only as the shadow ^ * coining cloud . . ThauSuigsbwrg Gazette , of the 20 tb , says ffttat several Frenchmen had jast passed through Berlin , haying been obliged to leave St . Petersburg . They state that ai ^ erfect paralysis is seizing trade and commerce in that citjr ^ H ^ dcred moce grievous by the enormous price of provisiftUB : Many bankruptcies are imminent . Paper anoney had fallen considerably below its nominal value , and gold was eagerly sought for . Economy in every branch of the nstianal expenditure was being attempted . Thus , the building of the Church of Isaac was suspended—a most ominous and momentous matter in Russia . The patriotism of tlie wealthy inhabitants was perpetually racked by the crying 'wants of private misery and distress . The bullion in the treasury was removed to Moscow , "
Still stronger than this is a story coming from Paris , on good , because Russian authority , to the effect that Count Nesselrode has been ** hissed , hooted , and menaced" in the streets of St . Petersburg , and reviled as the cause of the war , the casualties of which he Tiad not provided for . Advices from St . Petersburg of the 12 th inst . represent the Emperor's last ukase , requiring fresh recruits for ^ both army and navy , as his manner of replying to the information that General von Grtinwald lately brought him from Vienna . This calling out of fresh recruits for the reserve levies , first of all , nine in the thousand souls in the eastern provinces , to set them even with the western provinces , and then three in the thousand more , making altogether twelve . Of the Jews , ten out of every thousand are to be levied . The levy is to commence on the 27 th of July , and be concluded in a month . The Czar has also called for an extraordinary contribution of money .
The English Consul-Genexal at St . Petersburg , Mr . Micliell , passed through Koningsberg on the 18 th on his way home . Eiga , Windau , Libau , and other Russian ports , are now under strict blockade . The news w " hich arrived from Berlin , early in the \ ve « k , of the taking of the Fort of Gustatsvern , on the island of Hanjo , near the cape of that name , commanding tlie entrance to the Gulf , of Finland , and the pass , leading to the Archipelago of Abo . is not ( as w « write ^ ( vffiri . illv ennfirmrrl . Tliousrh .
however , the report may liav « been merely the echo of a heavy cannonade heard at Stockholm on the 16 th , we may perhaps regard the news ns rather anticipated than absolutely false . The range of tlie projected operations of Sir diaries Napier is pretty well understood , and it is natural to enthusiasm , if not to speculation , to discount the probability , if not tho certainty , of events . One fact is certain : the public spirit of the Swedes k ripening into an active alliance with , the Western Powers , and a resolve to wrest Finland from the Czar .
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The German news is of moment . It is tins : — " The representatives of tho Four Powers have dra . vm up and signed a protocol , by which the Four Powers recognise and adopt thu separate treaties already concluded between Trance and England on the one hand , and , Austria and Prussia on the other . " Count Alvensleben and II . von der Tann , from Berlin , have been at Vienna in communication with the Emperor . Troops are continually rnurching to tho Eastern frontier . A telegraphic dospntch from Berlin snvs : — "There is no doubt that , in spite of the efforts of the partisans of Russia , the Prussian Government has refused to take jiny direct Kti ' p . s in tttvour of Greece . Tlio Russian Ambassador continually protests against the hostile language used by the press of Berlin toward : * ltui&Li . Tliesa protests ure met witli tho reply tliat the libvrtjr of tho press exists in Prussia . "
Tlio lrtter in which tlio Lmpcrorot Austria , announced that he wanted 95 , 000 more men ia worth notice ; — " ¦ My Joar Baron de Bach , —The menacing turn which political circumstances in general have taken , tlio large bodies of troojis which inconsequence of the troubles in the lviat have b « en put in motion on tlio frontiers of my emp ire , niul iu particular tho fact that concent rations of troops fiuvu taken ~ phc « on tho frontiers of tho east und north , lnive rendered nucchsntry tho adoption of niensuroa « ith a vinw to protect thu moiuuc-hy ng : iins > t all eventinilitios , ami offeiing at tho suine time all gu : imiitees for thu proHervntiou of the int « resUof my empire , fiiavoly memtceii by this ii » g rot able conrlict , tnul wecuring tlio position wliich becomea it us » European l'owcr . From Lliia consideration , 1 liavo given ordoiH to havo the military forces in south-rust an < l northeaat proviucrs increased , aud to Unit effect , 1 have ordered a
levy of 95 , 000 men . In charging you to place yonrs « lf , in relation \ nth the general in command of my army to atrange everything which concerns this order , I feel it necessary to exwe ^ s my conviction that my faithM subjects viU Pje v itt 0 m execution of this measure , and of every other tSpatng-to the safety of my empire , fresh proofs of then * de-PP * " 0 ® 88 and their readiness to make every sacrifice that , « an be inspired by a patriotic feeliag , as they nave done > t ^ previous conjuncrtires . " F » akcm-Josi » b . " Vienna , May 15 . " The Augsburg Gazette has one Vienna correspondent who is singularly . well informed on all military matters , and he now writes that there is a tremendous accumulation of the munitions of war on the Servian , frontier . Among other things he mentions 20 , 000 packhorses . and omvimftn * fa *
120 , 000 men for eight months . The 12 th aimy corps has been sent to Transylvania , the 4 th reserve army corps to Lemberg , and the 2 nd < anny corps from Moravia to Cracow . Each corps will be 30 , 000 strong , but the 12 th will be reinforced By 1 * 5 , 000 men' from Hungary . The Transylyanian army has been plnced under the command of Pield-jWarshal Lieutenant von Parrat , who is one of thp best officers in the Austrian armr . * / . <* ,.,.. " . - . , .., " ,. A criminal prosecution has been ihstitotcd-aeains ^ ir . j ^ Qe Archbishop of Freiburg , so notarious of l ^ e . | ot . haying abased his power , and for haying disturbed ^ olift oraer , ati 3 t repose by his ordinance concerning tlie application of chuttjh property . '¦" . ' <; " . . ' , ' ' ¦ ' ¦ - ^*
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Paris reports state thatthe Generals d'Hautpoul , Onun , < J « and Baraguay d'HiUiers , are aboat to be made Marshalffiof France- , ... , . ; . . . . ' ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦• • i " »¦ ' ¦¦¦ ' ¦ .. " ' . ' ¦ >^ .. The Mmiteyr pablishes a convention for regalating th > mode of judging and awarding prizes captoced by the combined fleets , which was / concluded on the 10 th betfeeti England and France . " ?
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WhOe piracy ^ isjBpreading 4 tt the Archipelago , and flie armed ships of all nationa nre "hunting the ruffians from isle to isle , burnine or capturing them ; whUe t ^ inHurrec tion languishes in \ Slkicedonia , is extingnished in ^ EpirnB , aihd bursts forth in Tliessaly , the alliecF powers are about ^ to pnnish King Otho . for his treachery . ; m * Truute Zeitung says that the ultinnatiimjto Greece deinands the qhservanoe of a stiic t neutrality , _ and the punishment of all those who haye joined , the JfcmBgt fiii qnC ^^ civil and mihtary officers who have joined it , and the refo ^ il to re-admit into tho public service those who had resigaed office , or left to join the insurgents . If these categorical demands are not granted by the 22 nd , the throne to be declared vacant , and a nevy Government established . - - >
To this we may append another , fact :- a French < jr Ando-French army of occupation is oa its way to Athens , l ^ dO strong . ' . . . . . ^ . _ -47 _ j ... * Meanwhile Daniel of the Black Mountain , the orthodox ally of Russia , Bus issued a stirring call to the Climtiahai of the Herzegovina and Servia to rise against their oppressors the brutal Ottomans , and avenge the wrongs of centuries . A very pretty appeal of the Montenegrin lobber ^ from jUis strongliold 1
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The news from Italy is characteristic . On one hand i ^ T are told of the arrest of refugees who had landed at SargaAft , and were making their way by A ^ od ena to Tuscanyi ; SjUpposed , of course , to he Russian agents ; on the other , ti ^ tys conies that poor Poerio has been subjected to > fresh suJBreriogs . The correspondent of the Morning Post gives ns a pjotare of his prison : — ; '; rTfi-r " The prison of Motefusco is a middle-age builditig , $ 0 miles south of Naples , reatoTed expressly to receive tho political offenders of 1848 . You enter by a covered cttttrt , which receives liglit and air onl y by the do » rway » ^ At tli e extreme end of this court , and in complete darkness , occurs a flight of steps , which lead to the upper prison rooms . You first come upon five small chambers , wherein are about 60 persons in chains , crowded together . They are chiefly
the condemned of the State trials , and consist of members of the learned professions and gentlemen of fortune . Hero is confined the ex-Minister Poerio . The particular room in which Poerio is placed is guarded by a soldier from without , who opens a window every quarter of an hour , night and day , to report his prisoner to the guard below . A second window is Kept constantly opei ) , by which means . the prisoners are perpetually exposed to cold , which , from the . elevated situation of tho builcjing , is very severe . The floor above'is used by soldiery , and here also is the hospital . Tho prisoners are permitted to Bpend a small amount of money on food ( paying double its worth \ which is carefully examined and broken into fragments before the condemned receivo it .
The prison bread is made ^ from lupins , badly ground . Tlie prisoners are allowed to see their friends through the bars periodically , in the presence of official witnesses , who 6 n more than one occasion huve punished the visitors for w-eepinp ; in the preaence of their parents . European events have probably caused the following newly-imposed severities , wliich took place a few weeks since : —A . soldier declared a 5 apcr lud been thrown out of the prison-window ; and . inoed , homothing of the sort was pretended to have been found , in whit-h tho soldiers were ordered to be poisoned , and other foulUli suggestions . No doubt the whole affair was pot up for tho end 1 liave supposed , since an order arrived that the prboncra should bo chaiued to the wall !" Alter some time lliey woro released .
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INDIA AND CHINATiiic usunl telegraphic despatch in anticipation of the Overland Mail has sirrived . It contains some strange statements , at present quite unworthy of crediti but of course we give them . The latest dates are Bombay , April 28 th ; Hong Kong , April 12 th . 11 The Ganges canal was opened on tlio 18 th of April . * ' Russia has concluded treaties with Persia , Bokhara , and Khiva . The articles of tho treaty between Russia and Khiva
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May 27 , 1854 . ] THE L 1 ADEK . 4 $ g
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Leader (1850-1860), May 27, 1854, page 489, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2040/page/9/
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