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heard him booming away , and , doubtless , you will soon learn that Helsingfors and its giant protector Sveaborg have been bombarded . ' Don't you believe it . ' I find that each gun fired in the Gulf of Finland has ten thousand echo es in England , and rumour with her wonted veracity and fertile imagination creates victories for the million where no battle has been fought and no gun fired . We did not communicate , and poor old W ., our assistantsurgeon , who has a brother in the Baltic , is not one inch nearer seeing him now than he was when separated from him by the North Sea . There is a chance , however . Sixteen sail are in the offing as I write ; probably Sir Charles , with some of the French division ; in company . What a sight ! At anchor in Baro Sound we have twenty sail , including Belleisle and Resistance .
" I am going with others to land to-day or tomorrow . From the top of Baro . Lighthouse the eye plunges into Helsingfors , and we can count fourteen sail of Russian liners in the mole . Jolly ! There was an exciting chase about one a . m . : four of the divisional guard boats after a powerful gunboat that sneaked out from one of the myriad of islands which encircle this iron and barbarous coast ; she escaped , however . These gunboats have eighty men on board , pull sixty oars , with two 32-pounders , one forward and one aft , and two 18-pounder carronades .
" God bless you . I will -write again shortly , and if anything occurs you shall hear . If you were only to see the nature of this rocky , threatening land you would say it is impossible to do great things in a hurry ; and nothing can be done of im ^ portance without some miraculous intervention of chance , and an army of 200 , 000 men to assist and co-operate . The land is not high—far from it , —but thousands of intricate islands , hidden shoals , and other dangers to mariners , combine to throw obstacles in the path of ships ; and the only glorious thing here is the eternal daylight . The sun sets at aquatrter to ten , and rises at a quarter past two , and we have not lighted a lamp even in the foggiest weather . Success to old England , and bad luck to the Czar ! Fancy , only twenty-eight miles from an enemy ' s fortress , and as comfortable as if -we were riding at Spithead ,
" This goes by Dantzic . We sent old Charley a sheep , and have disposed of all our p rivate stock in favour Of the poor devils who have been cruising for the last Bix weeks without anchoring .
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IKDIA AND THE RUSSIAN SQUADRON . The Overland Mail brings news to the 23 rd of May from Bombay ; and to the 6 th of May from Hong Kong . The monsoon in Burmah was ushered in on the 23 rd of April by a tornado , which ext ended several hundred miles into the interior , and occasioned much loss of life on the Irrawaddy and its affluents . A fleet of 35 boats left Moulmein on the 19 th ulfc ., having on board . the head-quarters of the 36 th Madras Native Infantry and the third of a company of European Artillery , for Sitang and Showgeen . They were caught , it seems , in the terrific gale of the 23 rd , when about 30 miles below Sitang . One
boat ' s company have reached Pegue , and reported that the " bore" came mountains high , and caused the whole of the rest of the fleet to disappear . Lieutenant-Colonel Johnstone , -who was proceeding to join hia regiment at Tonghoo , being in a good boat , weathered the "bore" and the wind , and got safe into Sitang , where , however , he was robbed of all he possessed by the Burmese . He saw , it is Baid , 10 boats , with men in them , go down . What has become of the other 25 boats is not known . The Burmese , however , were of opinion that many of those missing when the accounts left might yet turn up from creeks in which they had sought shelter . " In Ragoon , " says the Chronicle ,
" Barracks and houses woro unroofed , tho Government iMKaar was destroyed , trees wero torn up and , from the quantity of rain which foil , tho foundations of many houses woro loosened . One native schooner went down in tho mer , and the Pluto steamboat , whioh ' was proceeding from ¦ MoiUmcin to Bassejn , with 800 troops on board , was seen making signals of distress . From the latest news wo gather that this boat had boon ablo to put back to Moulmeni but ¦ with tho loss of cargo and-guns . Tho hoad-qunrter detachmont of tho 8 th irregular cavalry that marched for Fiorno linvo had to come back . They returned on tho 1 st , having found tho wholo country two foot deep under water . Tho troops , are healthy , and the condition of tho provinco of lopej is decidedly improving . ' Largo and flourishing villages aro springing up , and the capabilities of tho country wo exciting grout expectations . ' "
a %° n 0 W cnarter Cftmo j nto operation on the 4 th ot M . ay ; the alteration will principally affect tho ISengal Preutoene-y , which will bo greatly benefited by the change . Under tho former state of tilings the Governor-General was prevented by other claims on his time from attending sufficiently to tho nffuirs of so < miefc a provinco as Bengal , and ho had not the local experience so desirable In regulating tho affairs ol ii subordinate Government which is possessed by the now Lieutenant-Governor , Mr . Hallidav Tho
emoluments of this governorship are to be 10 , 000 ? . per annum , an official residence , and an establishment of attendants at the cost of 60 / . monthly . The secretary to the Government of Bengal is to draw 3600 Z . yearly , and each of the two under secretaries 1500 / . The Lieutenant-Governor will carry on his duties in direct correspondence with the Governor of India , but reports are to be made direct to the Home Government . He will have authority over all the territories hitherto under the authority of the Governor of Bengal , excepting the Tefnasserim provinces
and Pegue . Mr . John Peter Grant has succeeded Mr . Halliday in the Councilof India , but will draw only 8000 Z . per annum . The first meeting of the Legislative Council of India was to have taken place on the 20 th inst . Mr . C . Allen and Mr . Cecil Beaden are mentioned as nominees of the Lieutenant-Governors of Bengal and the North-West provinces . Madras is to send Mr . Daniel Elliott ; and Mr . Arthur Malet lias already left Bombay to take his seat . The number is completed by Sir L . Peel , the Chief Justice , the Hon . Mr . Peacock , and Mr . Mills , of the Calcutta Sudder Court .
At their first meeting on the 20 th Sir Lawrence Peel iatended to move for leave to bring in a bill for the revision and codification of Indian law . This , if adopted , will at once place the Legislative Council of India in antagonism with the Indian law commission in England , and the motion is so intended . Sir Lawrence Peel has always expressed his opinion very strongly regarding the necessity of legislating for India in India , and Kthink it likely that he will carry the majority of the Legislative Council with him . '
Colonel Cautley , the engineer of the lately opened Ganges Canal , has left India , and the Governor-General has issued a most complimentary order on the occasion . Deeming it one in which the rules and precedents of the service may be broken through , he directs that he shall embark on board the Governor-General ' s yacht , and shall receive , as he passes , a special salute of 13 guns from the ramparts of Fort William . The Russian squadron is supposed to have taken refuge on . the coast of Kamschatka . One of its
vessels was seen about 30 days since at Woosung , where she had put in for intelligence . After deducting the vessels ordered home , our naval force in those seas consists of 15 vessels of the Royal navy , mounting 234 guns ; of 27 steamers of the Indian navy mounting 120 guns of very large calibre and heavy metal , and of 12 sailing ships of the same service , mounting 109 guns ; thus making a total of 54 vessels and 463 guns , exclusive of the French squadron . It is not the Russian squadron that is feared by our mercantile marine so much as pirates from California sailing under Russian colours .
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The fouTth . lecture of the course , delivered on Thursday last , was full- of interesting matter connected with the main subject . The difficulty of furnishing instruction for the working-classes , of such a kind , and in such a form as shall be- acceptable to them , was first dwelt on . The lecturer instanced the powerful effect of music ( as it has , in these latter years , been taught by Mainzer , Hullah , and others ) in working upon the inert nature and latent faculties of the mechanical and agricultural labourer . The beneficial result of learning music is now felt and appreciated throughout the land by the more intelligent among the labouring classes . Neither they themselves , nor their teacher ! - ! , could perhaps give a clear
MAURICE'S LECTURES .
and coherent ac count of tho way in which this art acts upon the mind—raising the feelings—softening the manners—clarifying the intellect . The lecturer was particularly happy in his description of the subtle mysterious influence wrought on the emotional nature of the most ignorant rustic by soft , exhilirating , or elevating melodies ; and through tho emotional nature upon tho ^ abiding- affections and tho intelligence . Ho then touched upon tho philosophy of tho matter—especially as regards Englishmen . He said it scorned to him that music was an art particularly adapted to our countrymen , since it appealed at once to two of the strongest instructive feelings within xis , viz .: tho love of freedom and the lovo of order ; and to this circumstance ho attributed tho success of all attempts
to impart popular musical education . Ho thence took occasion to speak with emphasis his own conviction that any sort of education oflbred to working men must gratify their lovo of freedom and their lovo of order ; that unless it did this they would look with suspicion upon any system of education ottered thorn , or perhaps reject it . Ho would not hnvo his hearers suppose that tho lovo of freedom was stronger in the heart of tho English working man than tho lovo of order . On tho contrary , ho felt that the de-Biro for order in their life , for organisation in work , was essential to their happiness . This was cloarly apparent to all persons who had read attentively tho accounts of tho lato strike at Preston . In tho Bcemirig anarchy and confusion there , it vrna evident that order and a sonso of its importance to thorn and to
the object they had to bring about was prevalent among the workmen . Education to be acceptable to the labouring class es must not have regard only to making them better labourers but better men . It must make them free —it must consider them not as " hands" but as souls —not as things but as persons . Again , nothing should be taught them for the sake of supporting something else . Physical science should be taught without any view to the doctrines of Christianity Well-meaning , religious persons often do harm to the cause of Christianity as well as the minds of those they seek to benefit , by not allowing secular instruction to stand on its own basis . No truth , i . e .
no part of the great absolute truth , can be subversive of any other truth , i . e ., of any other portion of the great absolute truth . All those engaged in carrying out the useful hint concerning the teaching of common things should bear that in mind . The teacliing of uncommon things , of high and spiritual things , not immediately connected with the working man ' s work , here , on this earth , is that sort of teaching which the best among them will always crave for the most . This must be provided for . Mr . Maurice spoke of the good points he would borrow from the systems of the secular teachers , on the one hand , and the religious teachers on the other ; he touched on the admirable adaptation of the training
in the Jesuit schools to the end which their conductors have in view ; but this end was the reverse of that which he wished to inculcate . Men , and especially working men , must not be made into intelligent machines , but into thinking , self-acting creatures . The end of all education is to mitlce man free ;—free from the tyranny of other men ' s passions and desires ;—and from his own ; which last is eminently difficult of attainment . On that account we would earnestly press it upon the thoughtful reader . Education of the right kind , intellectual and moral , can alone make a free man or a great man . To the end of time the ancient aphorism will be a deep truth , " Greater is he that ruleth his own spirit than he that taketh a city . "
We have given but an imperfect reflex of the light which pervaded this lecture . It was the best we have yet heard , both as to the matter and the mode of illustration . It often , bordered on imaginative and poetic eloquence , and it was throughout characterised by the earnest feeling and scholarly thought for which the lecturer is famous .
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" THE SANCTITY OF DOMESTIC INTERCOURSE . " A case of libel in its most cowardly form , was tried before-Chief Justice Jervis in tho Court of Common . Pleas , on Saturday . The plaintiff was Mr . Lefroy , a solicitor in Piccadilly ; the defendant a " gentleman" and magistrate of Somersetshire . His name was Cridland . He married in 1831 , but his wife falling into delicate health , he left her and lived with another woman . In 1848 Mr . Lefroy acted as the solicitor of Mrs . Cridland in obtaining a divorce a meiisd et tlioro , and Cridland was ordered to allow her % b § l . a-year . Since then she had lived with her sisterrin-law , Mrs . Upham , at Taunton . The libel was contained in a letter enclosed in an envelope addressed to Mr . Upham . That gentleman opened tho enclosure by Mrs . Cridland ' s directions , rend tho
letter and forwarded it to Mr . Lefroy . Henco the action . The letter was addressed to tho defendant's wife as " madam , " and it commenced by accusing her of having pawned his " knives , forks , barometer , clock , and God knows what ;" and ' contained Borne scandalous imputations against Mrs . Cridland nnd her sister , accusing them in tho grossest terms of gaining their living by . immoral practices . Tho writer threatened to inquire among pawnbrokers for his property , and if not successful to advertise the matter in tho rimes , and lio concluded by referring to Mr . Lefroy , in a . passage which constituted tho libol complained ot . Ho said , " You need not refer me to your solicitor , Mr . Lefroy , for tho snqaking bruto cannot look me in tho face without looking as if ho had been guilty of some dirty transaction . " And the writer then , in tho form of a question , insinuated
that Mr . Lcfroy ' a bill hud beon paid by grossly immoral conduct on tho part of Mrs . Cridland and her sister , Tho truth was that Mr . Lef ' roy'a bill for tho proceedings in tho ecclesiastical court would have been about 1501 ., but from a feeling , of kindness ho had only charged tho amount of money which ho had been out of pocket . Mr . Upham , Mrs . Cridlund , and Mrs . Mary Oridland , her sister , wore examined , and sustained tho abovo statement . Mr . Lefroy was also examined ; in tho course of cross-examination ho declared that ho had never said ho would send the letter in question to every magiatrato in tho county ot ' Somerset , bub ho suid that ho had a good mind to send ifc to the chiiirman , of tho magistrates , for such n iruin an tho defendant w «» jwt fit to bo u magistrate , and to sit with gentlemen .
Tho defonco relied on by Mr . Serjeant Byloa wna that tho letter had beon written "In tho sanctity of domuatic intercourse , " and was a privileged communication . Tho Lord Chief Justice , in Humming up , siiid that this waa not a oawo of i \ man writing " under tho aunotily of domestic inturyouruo , " in which ho applied to tho maternal head of his family for counoul nnd usaistanco from her nfl ' ection nn < l cxjiorioneoj but it was the caoo of ft man writing a diaguating , low , vulgar , abusive letter to a woman who was divorced from her Iiuulmiid : and so Tar from tho defendant writing under tho sanctity of domeatio intercourse , ho had sent n lottor calling liia wife and her dialer prostitutes , nnd had tho impudence to any to hia own wife thnt ho had had intorcoiiRio with her mater . An to tho damaecs . bo
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610 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), July 1, 1854, page 610, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2045/page/10/
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